中国试点碳市场与国家碳市场衔接的挑战与对策
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摘要
国内碳排放权交易试点自启动以来,积累了丰富的实践经验,为国家碳市场建设奠定了坚实的基础。但是,相比非试点地区,试点地区存在与国家碳市场衔接的问题。本文深入分析了各试点碳市场向国家碳市场过渡过程中面临的制度体系、配额结转、系统平台建设、资源整合等重要挑战,提出国家碳市场的建立应充分吸取试点碳市场建设的经验和教训。本文建议依托现有试点碳市场基础,不断扩大国家碳市场范围,将试点碳市场逐步过渡到国家碳市场,在衔接过程中要在制度设计、监管体系、平台建设、市场要素等方面实现体系的兼容和平稳过渡,形成统一的碳市场体系。
Since the launch of the domestic carbon emission trading pilots, it has accumulated rich practical experience and laid a solid foundation for the construction of the national carbon market. However, compared with non-pilot areas, the pilots now face the problems with docking with the national carbon market. This paper deeply analyzes the important challenges faced by the pilots in the process of transition to the national emission trading system, such as the institutional system, quota transfer, system platform construction and resource integration. It is proposed that the establishment of the national carbon market should fully absorb the experience and lessons gained from the pilot carbon market constructions, rely on the existing pilot carbon market foundation to continuously expand the scope of the national carbon market, and should gradually transit the pilot carbon market to the national carbon market. In the process of transition, a compatible and smooth system transition must be implemented to guarantee a unified national carbon market system in terms of system design, supervision system, platform construction, and market factors.
Since the launch of the domestic carbon emission trading pilots, it has accumulated rich practical experience and laid a solid foundation for the construction of the national carbon market. However, compared with non-pilot areas, the pilots now face the problems with docking with the national carbon market. This paper deeply analyzes the important challenges faced by the pilots in the process of transition to the national emission trading system, such as the institutional system, quota transfer, system platform construction and resource integration. It is proposed that the establishment of the national carbon market should fully absorb the experience and lessons gained from the pilot carbon market constructions, rely on the existing pilot carbon market foundation to continuously expand the scope of the national carbon market, and should gradually transit the pilot carbon market to the national carbon market. In the process of transition, a compatible and smooth system transition must be implemented to guarantee a unified national carbon market system in terms of system design, supervision system, platform construction, and market factors.
引文
[1]鲁政委, 汤维祺. 国内碳市场: 从地区试点走向全国统一[N]. 金融时报, 2016-08-31(002).
[2]孟庆军, 张无忌, 唐勇军. 全国性碳交易市场建设风险与对策研究[J]. 河南科学, 2017, 35(7): 1153-1159.
[3]潘晓滨. 碳市场衔接的基本类型与思路分析[J]. 资源节约与环保, 2018,(2): 105-107.
[4]齐绍洲,黄锦鹏. 碳交易市场如何从试点走向全国[N]. 光明日报,2016-02-03(15).
[5]孙永平, 刘瑶. 第三方核查机构独立性的影响因素及保障措施[J]. 环境经济研究, 2017, 2(3): 132-138.
[6]张昕. 地方融入国家碳市场面临的挑战与思考[J]. 中国经贸导刊, 2015, (16): 74-76.
[7]Barker, T. Mitigation from a Cross-Sectoral Perspective Climate Change: Mitigation Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[M]. UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
[8]Bramley, M., P. Partington, and D. Sawyer. Linking National Cap-and-Trade Systems in North America: The Pembina Institute and the International Institute for Sustainable Development[R]. Clean Energy and Climate Action, 2009.
[9]Burtraw, D., K. L. Palmer,C. Munnings, P. Weber, and M. Woerman. Linking by Degrees: Incremental Alignment of Cap-and-Trade Markets[R]. 2013.
[10]CARB. Proposed Amendments to the California Cap on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Market-based Compliance Mechanisms to Allow for the Use of Compliance Instruments Issued by Linked Jurisdictions[R]. 2012.
[11]Füssler, J. and M. Herren. Design Options for an International Carbon Asset Reserve for the World, Networked Carbon Markets[R]. 2015.
[12]Heitzig, J. Bottom-up Strategic Linking of Carbon Markets: Which Climate Coalitions Would Farsighted Players Form?[R]. 2013.
[13]Marschinski, R., C. Flachsland, and M. Jakob. Sectoral Linking of Carbon Markets: A Trade-Theory Analysis[J]. Resource Energy Economics, 2012, 34(4): 585-606.
[14]Morehouse, E. Western Climate Initiative Expands: Ontario to Join California-Québec Carbon Market, EDF Talks Global Climate[R]. 2017.
[15]Perdan, S. and A. Azapagic. Carbon Trading: Current Schemes and Future Developments[J]. Energy Policy, 2011, 39(10): 6040-6054.
[16]Ranson, M. and R. N. Stavins. Post-Durban Climate Policy Architecture Based on Linkage of Cap-and-Trade Systems[R]. 2012.
(1)中国九个试点碳市场包括深圳、上海、北京、广东、天津、湖北、重庆、福建和四川。
[2]孟庆军, 张无忌, 唐勇军. 全国性碳交易市场建设风险与对策研究[J]. 河南科学, 2017, 35(7): 1153-1159.
[3]潘晓滨. 碳市场衔接的基本类型与思路分析[J]. 资源节约与环保, 2018,(2): 105-107.
[4]齐绍洲,黄锦鹏. 碳交易市场如何从试点走向全国[N]. 光明日报,2016-02-03(15).
[5]孙永平, 刘瑶. 第三方核查机构独立性的影响因素及保障措施[J]. 环境经济研究, 2017, 2(3): 132-138.
[6]张昕. 地方融入国家碳市场面临的挑战与思考[J]. 中国经贸导刊, 2015, (16): 74-76.
[7]Barker, T. Mitigation from a Cross-Sectoral Perspective Climate Change: Mitigation Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[M]. UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
[8]Bramley, M., P. Partington, and D. Sawyer. Linking National Cap-and-Trade Systems in North America: The Pembina Institute and the International Institute for Sustainable Development[R]. Clean Energy and Climate Action, 2009.
[9]Burtraw, D., K. L. Palmer,C. Munnings, P. Weber, and M. Woerman. Linking by Degrees: Incremental Alignment of Cap-and-Trade Markets[R]. 2013.
[10]CARB. Proposed Amendments to the California Cap on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Market-based Compliance Mechanisms to Allow for the Use of Compliance Instruments Issued by Linked Jurisdictions[R]. 2012.
[11]Füssler, J. and M. Herren. Design Options for an International Carbon Asset Reserve for the World, Networked Carbon Markets[R]. 2015.
[12]Heitzig, J. Bottom-up Strategic Linking of Carbon Markets: Which Climate Coalitions Would Farsighted Players Form?[R]. 2013.
[13]Marschinski, R., C. Flachsland, and M. Jakob. Sectoral Linking of Carbon Markets: A Trade-Theory Analysis[J]. Resource Energy Economics, 2012, 34(4): 585-606.
[14]Morehouse, E. Western Climate Initiative Expands: Ontario to Join California-Québec Carbon Market, EDF Talks Global Climate[R]. 2017.
[15]Perdan, S. and A. Azapagic. Carbon Trading: Current Schemes and Future Developments[J]. Energy Policy, 2011, 39(10): 6040-6054.
[16]Ranson, M. and R. N. Stavins. Post-Durban Climate Policy Architecture Based on Linkage of Cap-and-Trade Systems[R]. 2012.
(1)中国九个试点碳市场包括深圳、上海、北京、广东、天津、湖北、重庆、福建和四川。