基于短历时降雨数据的降雨输沙经验模型研究

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英文篇名：Study on Empirical Model of Precipitation-Sediment Based on Short Duration Rainfall Data 作者：陈松伟 ; 王鹏 ; 李超群 英文作者：CHEN Songwei;WANG Peng;LI Chaoqun;Planning and Research Institute of Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd.;Postdoctoral Research Station of Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd.;Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute of the Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Transport,National Energy Administration; 关键词：天然输沙量 ; MK法 ; MWP法 ; 降雨输沙模型 ; 降雨摘录数据 ; 无定河流域 英文关键词：natural sediment amount;;MK method;;MWP method;;model of precipitation-sediment;;rainfall extract data;;Wuding River basin 中文刊名：RMHH 英文刊名：Yellow River 机构：黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司规划研究院;黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司博士后科研工作站;水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院; 出版日期：2019-06-10 出版单位：人民黄河 年：2019 期：v.41;No.406 基金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402403) 语种：中文; 页：RMHH201906002 页数：6 CN：06 ISSN：41-1128/TV 分类号：5-9+29

摘要

"水文法"是目前分析黄河水沙变化原因的常用方法,而黄河泥沙多产生于黄土高原的暴雨洪水期,雨量集中、历时短、强度大,以往建立的降雨输沙模型中采用的降雨因子多基于日尺度降雨数据计算,不足以反映短历时的暴雨集中程度。基于无定河降雨摘录资料,以5 min为统计时段,采用动态泰森多边形法计算了短历时降雨特征指标,并通过MK法分析了降雨指标的变化趋势。采用双累积曲线法及MWP法等识别了无定河流域天然下垫面代表时期,构建了无定河流域天然时期降雨输沙经验模型,并与基于日降雨数据的天然输沙量计算结果进行对比。结果表明:①无定河流域0.1、0.4、0.5 mm/5 min等3种雨强以上降雨总量的变化趋势不显著;②1970年以前可作为无定河流域天然下垫面代表时期;③基于降雨摘录数据的降雨输沙模型更能体现黄土高原暴雨洪水的产沙特性。
        "Hydrological method"is a common method to analyze the cause of water and sediment variation of the Yellow River, while the sediment mainly comes from the loess plateau during storm flood period, with concentrated rainfall and great intensity in short duration. Most of rainfall factors used in previous models of precipitation-sediment are calculated with daily time scale rainfall data, which is not enough to reflect concentrative degree of rainstorm with short duration. This paper calculated rainfall index with dynamic thiessen polygon method based on short duration rainfall data of Wuding River, of which statistical time range is five minutes and it analyzed the trend of the rainfall index by MK method. It identified representative period of natural state by curve of double cumulate method and MWP method and it constructed empirical model of precipitation-sediment under natural state. Through comparing the natural sediment amount with that calculated by the model based on daily rainfall data, the results showthat a)the variation trend of rainfall capacity more than 0.1 mm, 0.4 mm and 0.5 mm per 5 minutes is not significant in Wuding River basin; b)the period before 1970 can be adopted as representative period of natural underlay in Wuding River basin; c)that model of precipitation-sediment based on rainfall extract data can better reflect characteristics of sediment yielding in the loess plateau during storm flood.

引文

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