一次中亚低涡造成的天山北坡暴雨GPS大气水汽总量演变特征
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摘要
2015年6月26—28日中亚低涡造成天山北坡出现暴雨天气,本文利用常规观测、NCEP再分析资料及9站地基GPS遥感的大气水汽总量资料(GPS-PWV)对这次天气过程水汽特征进行深入研究,结果表明:(1)降水前,500 hPa阿拉伯海水汽经青藏高原向中亚低涡输送,低涡增湿明显;降水期间,500 hPa低涡向北移动并减弱成槽东移,700 hPa孟加拉湾经四川盆地、河西走廊的偏东水汽输送通道建立,与低涡自身偏南(东南)气流在暴雨区上空汇合,暴雨区中低层增湿剧烈;(2)深厚低涡造成的强降水前测站GPS-PWV均存在1~3 d增湿过程和1~2次跃变过程,强降水发生前GPS-PWV跃变均超过5 mm·(4 h)~(-1);(3)在同样水汽输送、辐合条件下,干旱区测站GPS-PWV急剧增幅越大,地面雨强越强,在一定程度上,水汽输送和水汽的辐合与GPS的剧增存在一定的对应关系;(4)中亚低涡造成的乌鲁木齐强降水发生前4~5 h的GPS-PWV增幅达到4 mm以上,GPS-PWV峰值往往达到气候平均值2倍左右。
From 26 to 28 June 2015,Central Asia vortex caused heavy rainfall in the north slope of Tianshan Mountain.Using conventional data,NCEP reanalysis data and 9 weather stations' GPS precipitable water vapor(GPS-PWV) observations from the ground-based GPS networks,this article did in-depth analysis on the vapor features in this process.The results show that:(1) before precipitation,at 500 hPa,the water vapor of the Arabian Sea was transported to Central Asia vortex through the Tibetan Plateau,the vortex was obviously moistened;during precipitation,at 700 hPa,the eastward water vapor transport channel was established,which was from Bay of Bengal through the Sichuan Basin and Hexi Corridor,and the easterly airflow and the southerly(SE) airflow of vortex itself converged the vapor in the heavy rain area.So,the lower atmosphere rapidly moistened in the heavy rain area.(2) All stations GPS-PWV experienced wetting process from one to three days,the water jumped once or twice before precipitation began caused by the deep low vortex,and GPS PWV jumped more than 5 mm · (4 h)~(-1).(3) Under the same water vapor transport and vapor convergence conditions,the stronger the GPS-PWV at stations of arid areas surges,the stronger the rain intensity is.To a certain extent,the water vapor transport and convergence has certain corresponding relationship with GPS-PWV surge.(4) In 4 — 5 h before the heavy rainfall in Urumqi caused by Central Asia vortex occurred the growth rate of GPS-PWV reached more than 4 mm,and the peak value of GPS-PWV was almost twice of climatic mean.
From 26 to 28 June 2015,Central Asia vortex caused heavy rainfall in the north slope of Tianshan Mountain.Using conventional data,NCEP reanalysis data and 9 weather stations' GPS precipitable water vapor(GPS-PWV) observations from the ground-based GPS networks,this article did in-depth analysis on the vapor features in this process.The results show that:(1) before precipitation,at 500 hPa,the water vapor of the Arabian Sea was transported to Central Asia vortex through the Tibetan Plateau,the vortex was obviously moistened;during precipitation,at 700 hPa,the eastward water vapor transport channel was established,which was from Bay of Bengal through the Sichuan Basin and Hexi Corridor,and the easterly airflow and the southerly(SE) airflow of vortex itself converged the vapor in the heavy rain area.So,the lower atmosphere rapidly moistened in the heavy rain area.(2) All stations GPS-PWV experienced wetting process from one to three days,the water jumped once or twice before precipitation began caused by the deep low vortex,and GPS PWV jumped more than 5 mm · (4 h)~(-1).(3) Under the same water vapor transport and vapor convergence conditions,the stronger the GPS-PWV at stations of arid areas surges,the stronger the rain intensity is.To a certain extent,the water vapor transport and convergence has certain corresponding relationship with GPS-PWV surge.(4) In 4 — 5 h before the heavy rainfall in Urumqi caused by Central Asia vortex occurred the growth rate of GPS-PWV reached more than 4 mm,and the peak value of GPS-PWV was almost twice of climatic mean.
引文
曹云昌,方宗义.夏青,2005.GPS遥感的大气可降水量与局地降水关系的初步分析[J].应用气象学报,16(1):54-59.
陈春艳,孔期,李如琦,2012.天山北坡一次特大暴雨过程诊断分析[J].气象,38(1):72-80.
陈娇娜,李国平,黄文诗,等,2009.华西秋雨天气过程中GPS遥感大气可降水量演变特征[J].应用气象学报,20(6):753-760.
楚艳丽,郭英华,张朝林,等,2007.地基GPS水汽资料在北京“7·10”暴雨过程研究中的应用[J].气象,33(12):16-22.
戴新刚,李维京,马柱国,2006.近十几年新疆水汽源地变化特性[J].自然科学进展,16(12):1651-1656.
丁金才,叶其欣,马晓星,等,2006.区域GPS气象网站点台理布设的几点依据[J].气象,32(2):34-39.
丁金才,袁招洪,杨引明,等,2007.GPS/PWV资料三维变分同化改进MM5降水预报连续试验的评估[J].气象,33(6):12-17.
郝丽萍,邓佳,李国平,等,2013.一次西南涡持续暴雨的GPS大气水汽总量特征[J].应用气象学报,24(2):230-239.
黄玉霞,李栋梁,王宝鉴,等,2004.西北地区近40年年降水异常的时空特征分析[J].高原气象.23(2):245-252.
姜逢清,朱诚,胡汝骥,2002.1960—1997年新疆北部降水序列趋势探测[J].地理科学,21(6):669-672.
李成才,毛节泰,1998.GPS地基遥感大气水汽总量分析[J].应用气象学报,9(4):470-477.
李曼,杨莲梅,赵玲,2014.天山山区一次强降雪过程GPS可降水量特征分析[J].干旱区研究,31(5):915-921.
李延兴,徐宝祥,胡新康,等,2001.应用地基GPS技术遥感大气柱水汽量的实验研究[J].应用气象学报,12(1):61-68.
施雅风,沈永平,李栋梁,等,2003.中国西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型的特征和趋势探讨[J].第四纪研究,23(2):152-164.
史玉光,2014.新疆降水与水汽的时空分布及变化研究[M].北京:气象出版社,79-81.
史玉光,孙照渤,2008.新疆水汽输送的气候特征及其变化[J].高原气象,27(2):310-319.
万蓉,付志康,李武阶,等,2015.地基GPS斜路径水汽反演技术及资料应用初探[J].气象,41(4):447-455.
王继竹,郭英莲,徐桂荣,等,2014.湖北省不同资料反演大气可降水量的误差分析[J].气象,.40(11):1308-1315.
肖开提·多莱特,2005.新疆降水量级标准的划分[J].新疆气象,28(3):7-8.
肖开提·多莱特,汤浩,李霞,等,1997.“96·7”新疆特大暴雨的水汽条件研究[J].新疆气象,20(1):8-11.
徐羹慧,1997.“96.7”新疆特大暴雨洪水预报服务技术研究的综述与启示[J].新疆气象,20(1):1-4.
薛燕,韩萍,冯国华,2003.半个世纪以来新疆降水和气温的变化趋势[J].干旱区研究,20(2):127-130.
辛渝,陈洪武,张广兴,等,2008.新疆年降水量的实况变化特征[J].高原气象,27(5):993-1003.
杨莲梅,2003.南亚高压突变引起的一次新疆暴雨天气研究[J].气象,29(8):21-25.
杨莲梅,王世杰,史玉光,等,2012.乌鲁木齐夏季暴雨过程GPSPWV的演变特征[J].高原气象,31(5):1348-1355.
杨晓霞,吴炜,万明波,等,2012.山东省两次暴雪天气的对比分析[J].气象,38(7):868-876.
姚建群,丁金彩,王坚捍,等,2005.用GPS可降水量资料对一次大暴雨过程的分析[J].气象,31(4):48-52.
张端禹,王明欢,陈波,2010.2008年8月末湖北连续大暴雨的水汽输送特征[J].气象,36(2):48-53.
张家宝,邓子风,1987.新疆降水概论[M].北京:气象出版社,400.
张家宝,苏起元,孙沈清,等,1986.新疆短期天气预报指导手册[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,456-457.
张晶,顾松山,楚志刚,等,2014.LAPS同化GPS/PWV资料在暴雨预报中的应用研究[J].气象,40(1):76-85.
张俊兰,2011.南疆柯坪强雷暴天气的分析[J].气象,37(7):880-888.
张云惠,李海燕,蔺喜禄,等,2015.南疆西部持续性暴雨环流背景及天气尺度的动力过程分析[J].气象,41(7):816-824.
赵玲,安沙舟,杨莲梅,等,2010.76—2007年乌鲁木齐可降水量及其降水转换率[J].干旱区研究,27(3):433-437.
赵玲,梁红,崔彩霞,2006.乌鲁木齐地基GPS数据的解算和应用[J].干旱区研究,23(4):654-657.
朱丰,徐国强,李莉,等,2014.同化青藏高原地区GPSPWV数据对长江中下游地区降水预报的影响评估[J].大气科学,38(1):171-189.
Businger S,Chiswell S,1996.The promise of GPS in atmospheric monitoring[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,77:5-18.
Duan J,Bevis M.Fang Peng.et al,1996.GPS meteorology:Direct-estimation of the absolute value of precipitable water[J].J Appl Meteor,35(6):830-838.
陈春艳,孔期,李如琦,2012.天山北坡一次特大暴雨过程诊断分析[J].气象,38(1):72-80.
陈娇娜,李国平,黄文诗,等,2009.华西秋雨天气过程中GPS遥感大气可降水量演变特征[J].应用气象学报,20(6):753-760.
楚艳丽,郭英华,张朝林,等,2007.地基GPS水汽资料在北京“7·10”暴雨过程研究中的应用[J].气象,33(12):16-22.
戴新刚,李维京,马柱国,2006.近十几年新疆水汽源地变化特性[J].自然科学进展,16(12):1651-1656.
丁金才,叶其欣,马晓星,等,2006.区域GPS气象网站点台理布设的几点依据[J].气象,32(2):34-39.
丁金才,袁招洪,杨引明,等,2007.GPS/PWV资料三维变分同化改进MM5降水预报连续试验的评估[J].气象,33(6):12-17.
郝丽萍,邓佳,李国平,等,2013.一次西南涡持续暴雨的GPS大气水汽总量特征[J].应用气象学报,24(2):230-239.
黄玉霞,李栋梁,王宝鉴,等,2004.西北地区近40年年降水异常的时空特征分析[J].高原气象.23(2):245-252.
姜逢清,朱诚,胡汝骥,2002.1960—1997年新疆北部降水序列趋势探测[J].地理科学,21(6):669-672.
李成才,毛节泰,1998.GPS地基遥感大气水汽总量分析[J].应用气象学报,9(4):470-477.
李曼,杨莲梅,赵玲,2014.天山山区一次强降雪过程GPS可降水量特征分析[J].干旱区研究,31(5):915-921.
李延兴,徐宝祥,胡新康,等,2001.应用地基GPS技术遥感大气柱水汽量的实验研究[J].应用气象学报,12(1):61-68.
施雅风,沈永平,李栋梁,等,2003.中国西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型的特征和趋势探讨[J].第四纪研究,23(2):152-164.
史玉光,2014.新疆降水与水汽的时空分布及变化研究[M].北京:气象出版社,79-81.
史玉光,孙照渤,2008.新疆水汽输送的气候特征及其变化[J].高原气象,27(2):310-319.
万蓉,付志康,李武阶,等,2015.地基GPS斜路径水汽反演技术及资料应用初探[J].气象,41(4):447-455.
王继竹,郭英莲,徐桂荣,等,2014.湖北省不同资料反演大气可降水量的误差分析[J].气象,.40(11):1308-1315.
肖开提·多莱特,2005.新疆降水量级标准的划分[J].新疆气象,28(3):7-8.
肖开提·多莱特,汤浩,李霞,等,1997.“96·7”新疆特大暴雨的水汽条件研究[J].新疆气象,20(1):8-11.
徐羹慧,1997.“96.7”新疆特大暴雨洪水预报服务技术研究的综述与启示[J].新疆气象,20(1):1-4.
薛燕,韩萍,冯国华,2003.半个世纪以来新疆降水和气温的变化趋势[J].干旱区研究,20(2):127-130.
辛渝,陈洪武,张广兴,等,2008.新疆年降水量的实况变化特征[J].高原气象,27(5):993-1003.
杨莲梅,2003.南亚高压突变引起的一次新疆暴雨天气研究[J].气象,29(8):21-25.
杨莲梅,王世杰,史玉光,等,2012.乌鲁木齐夏季暴雨过程GPSPWV的演变特征[J].高原气象,31(5):1348-1355.
杨晓霞,吴炜,万明波,等,2012.山东省两次暴雪天气的对比分析[J].气象,38(7):868-876.
姚建群,丁金彩,王坚捍,等,2005.用GPS可降水量资料对一次大暴雨过程的分析[J].气象,31(4):48-52.
张端禹,王明欢,陈波,2010.2008年8月末湖北连续大暴雨的水汽输送特征[J].气象,36(2):48-53.
张家宝,邓子风,1987.新疆降水概论[M].北京:气象出版社,400.
张家宝,苏起元,孙沈清,等,1986.新疆短期天气预报指导手册[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,456-457.
张晶,顾松山,楚志刚,等,2014.LAPS同化GPS/PWV资料在暴雨预报中的应用研究[J].气象,40(1):76-85.
张俊兰,2011.南疆柯坪强雷暴天气的分析[J].气象,37(7):880-888.
张云惠,李海燕,蔺喜禄,等,2015.南疆西部持续性暴雨环流背景及天气尺度的动力过程分析[J].气象,41(7):816-824.
赵玲,安沙舟,杨莲梅,等,2010.76—2007年乌鲁木齐可降水量及其降水转换率[J].干旱区研究,27(3):433-437.
赵玲,梁红,崔彩霞,2006.乌鲁木齐地基GPS数据的解算和应用[J].干旱区研究,23(4):654-657.
朱丰,徐国强,李莉,等,2014.同化青藏高原地区GPSPWV数据对长江中下游地区降水预报的影响评估[J].大气科学,38(1):171-189.
Businger S,Chiswell S,1996.The promise of GPS in atmospheric monitoring[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,77:5-18.
Duan J,Bevis M.Fang Peng.et al,1996.GPS meteorology:Direct-estimation of the absolute value of precipitable water[J].J Appl Meteor,35(6):830-838.