致贫理论视阈下高等教育阻断贫困代际传递的作用——基于CHNS2015数据库的分析
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摘要
本研究基于2015年"中国健康与营养调查"数据的对数线性回归模型和转换矩阵分析,揭示了我国城乡贫困代际传递和教育流动性的现状,以及高等教育在阻断贫困代际传递中的作用。结果表明:我国贫困结构的主体正由绝对贫困转向相对贫困;贫困代际传递的城乡差异明显;贫困代际传递家庭子辈接受高等教育的比例低,教育代际向上流动性较弱;高等教育具有促进代际收入分配公平,阻断贫困代际传递的作用。高等教育扶贫应从精准识别扶贫对象,构建多元帮扶体系;提升受教育意愿,增设地方特色专业;普及高等教育,提高人力资本质量等方面着手。
Based on the data of CHNS2015, using the logarithmic linear regression model and transformation matrix analysis, it found that the main part of poverty structure was relative; there's significant difference between urban and rural poverty; the proportion of offspring entering the university was low, and the upward mobility of education was weaker; there's the function of higher education to promote the equity of intergenerational income distribution and block the intergenerational transmission of poverty. To alleviate poverty, it should identify the object of alleviating poverty, and construct the multiple supporting system; improve the willingness to be educated, and establish programs with local specialty; popularize higher education, and enhance the quality of human capital.
Based on the data of CHNS2015, using the logarithmic linear regression model and transformation matrix analysis, it found that the main part of poverty structure was relative; there's significant difference between urban and rural poverty; the proportion of offspring entering the university was low, and the upward mobility of education was weaker; there's the function of higher education to promote the equity of intergenerational income distribution and block the intergenerational transmission of poverty. To alleviate poverty, it should identify the object of alleviating poverty, and construct the multiple supporting system; improve the willingness to be educated, and establish programs with local specialty; popularize higher education, and enhance the quality of human capital.
引文
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[17]CHNS.Sample of Design and Methods[EB/OL].[2018-10-21].https://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/china/about/design/sample.
[19]王卓.论暂时贫困、长期贫困与代际传递[J].社会科学研究,2017,(2):98-105.
[20]国家统计局住户调查办公室.中国农村贫困监测报告[R].中国统计出版社,2017:36-51.
[21]张立冬.中国农村贫困代际传递实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,(6):45-50.
[22]赵静.中国农村居民贫困代际传递的统计研究[D].蚌埠:安徽财经大学统计与应用数学学院,2018.
[24]闵琴琴.农村高等教育扶贫:缘起、困境和突围[J].高等教育研究,2018,39(5):24-31.
[2]CORCORAN M,ADAMS T.Race,Sex,and the Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty[M]//DUN-CAN G J,BROOKS-GUNN J.Consequences of Growing up Poor.New York:Russell SageFoundation,1997:461-517.
[3]AIRIO I,etal.Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty in Finland in the 1990s[J].The European Journal of Social Security,2005,(3):253.
[4]BLANDEN J,GIBBONS S.The Persistence of Poverty Across Generations:A View from Two British Cohorts[M].Bristol:The Policy Press,2006.
[5]LEWIS O.Five Families:Mexican Case Studies in the Culture of Poverty[M].New York:Basic Books,1966:215.
[6]SEN A K.From Income Inequality to Economic Inequality[J].Southern Economic Journal,1997,64(2):383-401.
[7]西奥多·W·舒尔茨.人力资本投资---教育和研究的作用[M].蒋斌,张蘅,译.北京:商务印书馆,1990.
[8]BLAU P M,DUNCAN O D.The American Occupational Structure(Book Review)[J].Social Forces,1968,46(4):561.
[9]马文武,杨少垒,韩文龙.中国贫困代际传递及动态趋势实证研究[J].中国经济问题,2018,(2):13-23.
[10]郭丛斌,丁小浩.中国劳动力市场分割中的行业代际效应及教育的作用[J].教育研究,2005,(1):34-40.
[11]李晓嘉.教育能促进脱贫吗---基于CFPS农户数据的实证研究[J].北京大学教育评论,2015,(4):110-122.
[12][18][23]亓寿伟.中国代际收入传递趋势及教育在传递中的作用[J].统计研究,2016,33(5):77-86.
[13]GILBOA Y,JUSTMAN M.Academic Admissions Standards:Implications For Output,Distribution,And Mobility[J].Journal of the European Economic Association,2005,3(5):1105-1133.
[14]陈琳.促进代际收入流动:我们需要怎样的公共教育---基于CHNS和CFPS数据的实证分析[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2015,(3):27-33.
[15]BECKER G S,TOMES N.Human Capital and the Rise and Fall of Families[J].Journal of Labor Economics,1986,4(3):S1-S39.
[16]汪燕敏.转型中国的代际收入流动研究:水平测度与机制分析[D].浙江大学经济学院,2015.
[17]CHNS.Sample of Design and Methods[EB/OL].[2018-10-21].https://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/china/about/design/sample.
[19]王卓.论暂时贫困、长期贫困与代际传递[J].社会科学研究,2017,(2):98-105.
[20]国家统计局住户调查办公室.中国农村贫困监测报告[R].中国统计出版社,2017:36-51.
[21]张立冬.中国农村贫困代际传递实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,(6):45-50.
[22]赵静.中国农村居民贫困代际传递的统计研究[D].蚌埠:安徽财经大学统计与应用数学学院,2018.
[24]闵琴琴.农村高等教育扶贫:缘起、困境和突围[J].高等教育研究,2018,39(5):24-31.