蚂蚁筑巢对高檐蒲桃热带森林群落土壤呼吸的影响
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摘要
蚂蚁筑巢能够改变热带森林土壤微生物与土壤理化性质的状况,从而对土壤呼吸时间动态产生重要影响。本研究以西双版纳高檐蒲桃热带森林群落为研究对象,采用Li-6400-09便携式土壤呼吸测定仪对蚂蚁筑巢地与非筑巢地土壤呼吸进行测定。研究结果表明:(1)高檐蒲桃群落土壤呼吸呈明显的单峰型季节变化趋势,且土壤呼吸速率蚂蚁筑巢地(4.96μmol CO_2m~(-2)s~(-1))高于非筑巢地(4.42μmol CO_2m~(-2)s~(-1))。(2)土壤温度和土壤水分显著影响土壤呼吸的时间动态(P<0.01);蚂蚁筑巢显著改变巢内温度与水分(P<0.05),进而影响土壤呼吸动态。土壤温度对土壤呼吸动态的贡献:蚁巢(83.8%—91.8%)大于非巢地(81.2%—83.1%),但由于筑巢地土壤湿度低于非巢地,土壤水分对土壤呼吸动态的贡献率表现为蚁巢低于非筑巢地。(3)蚂蚁筑巢显著增加土壤微生物生物量(P<0.05),从而对土壤呼吸速率产生极显著的影响(P<0.01)。蚂蚁筑巢引起微生物生物量碳的增加能够解释76.9%—71.1%的土壤呼吸变化。(4)蚂蚁筑巢引起土壤理化性质变化对土壤呼吸产生一定的影响。土壤容重与土壤呼吸速率呈显著负相关;土壤呼吸速率与土壤微生物量碳、有机质、易氧化有机碳、全氮、硝氮和铵氮显著正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。因此,蚂蚁筑巢显著改变土壤微生物(如微生物生物量碳)、土壤物理性质(如土壤温度与水分)、土壤化学性质(如碳和氮养分),进而对热带森林土壤呼吸产生重要影响。
Ant nesting induces a significant change of soil microbial and physicochemical properties,which can exert a significant effect on the temporal dynamics of soil respiration in tropical forests. The Li-6400-09 portable soil respiration chamber was used to measure respiration from ant nests and the reference soils in a Syzygium oblatum community of tropical Xishuangbanna,Yunnan. The results were as following:(1) Soil respiration rates had obvious temporal variation,showing a single peak curve trend. They were higher in ant nests( 4.96 μmol CO_2m~(-2)s~(-1)) than in reference soils( 4.42 μmol CO_2 m~(-2)s~(-1)).( 2) The temporal variation of soil respiration was affected by soil temperature and soil water( P<0.01). Ant nesting significantly changed soil temperature and water in ant nests( P < 0. 05),which affected soil respiration. The contribution of soil temperature to soil respiration was higher in ant nests( 83. 8%—91. 8%) than in reference soils( 81.2%—83.1%). However,the contribution of soil water to soil respiration was lower in ant nests than in reference soil,which may owe to the lower soil moisture in ant nests.( 3) Ant nesting significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon( P<0.05),which had a significant effect on soil respiration rate( P<0.01). The increase in the soil microbial biomasscarbon due to ant nesting can explain 76.9%—71.1% of soil respiration.( 4) The change of soil physicochemical properties under the effect of ant nesting had a significant effect on soil respiration. Soil bulk density was negatively correlated with soil respiration,while soil respiration was positively related with soil microbial biomass carbon,soil organic matter,soil easily oxidized organic carbon,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and ammonium nitrogen( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Therefore,ant nesting changes soil microbial( i.e.,soil microbial biomass carbon),soil physical properties( i. e.,soil temperature and soil water),and soil chemical properties( i. e.,soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations),which can have a significant effect on soil respiration dynamics in the tropical forest.
Ant nesting induces a significant change of soil microbial and physicochemical properties,which can exert a significant effect on the temporal dynamics of soil respiration in tropical forests. The Li-6400-09 portable soil respiration chamber was used to measure respiration from ant nests and the reference soils in a Syzygium oblatum community of tropical Xishuangbanna,Yunnan. The results were as following:(1) Soil respiration rates had obvious temporal variation,showing a single peak curve trend. They were higher in ant nests( 4.96 μmol CO_2m~(-2)s~(-1)) than in reference soils( 4.42 μmol CO_2 m~(-2)s~(-1)).( 2) The temporal variation of soil respiration was affected by soil temperature and soil water( P<0.01). Ant nesting significantly changed soil temperature and water in ant nests( P < 0. 05),which affected soil respiration. The contribution of soil temperature to soil respiration was higher in ant nests( 83. 8%—91. 8%) than in reference soils( 81.2%—83.1%). However,the contribution of soil water to soil respiration was lower in ant nests than in reference soil,which may owe to the lower soil moisture in ant nests.( 3) Ant nesting significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon( P<0.05),which had a significant effect on soil respiration rate( P<0.01). The increase in the soil microbial biomasscarbon due to ant nesting can explain 76.9%—71.1% of soil respiration.( 4) The change of soil physicochemical properties under the effect of ant nesting had a significant effect on soil respiration. Soil bulk density was negatively correlated with soil respiration,while soil respiration was positively related with soil microbial biomass carbon,soil organic matter,soil easily oxidized organic carbon,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and ammonium nitrogen( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Therefore,ant nesting changes soil microbial( i.e.,soil microbial biomass carbon),soil physical properties( i. e.,soil temperature and soil water),and soil chemical properties( i. e.,soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations),which can have a significant effect on soil respiration dynamics in the tropical forest.
引文
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[3]韩广轩,周广胜.土壤呼吸作用时空动态变化及其影响机制研究与展望.植物生态学报,2009,33(1):197-205.
[4] Scharlemann J P W,Tanner E V J,Hiederer R,Kapos V. Global soil carbon:understanding and managing the largest terrestrial carbon pool.Carbon Management,2014,5(1):81-91.
[5] Matías L,Castro J,Zamora R. Effect of simulated climate change on soil respiration in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem:rainfall and habitat type are more important than temperature or the soil carbon pool. Ecosystems,2012,15(2):299-310.
[6]刘颖,韩士杰,胡艳玲,戴冠华.土壤温度和湿度对长白松林土壤呼吸速率的影响.应用生态学报,2005,16(9):1581-1585.
[7] Wang S J,Wang H. Response of soil respiration to a severe drought in Chinese Eucalyptus plantations. Journal of Forestry Research,2017,28(4):841-847.
[8] Subke J A,Carbone M S,Khomik M,Stoy P,Bahn M. Preface“Biotic interactions and biogeochemical processes in the soil environment”.Biogeosciences,2012,9(5):1823-1825.
[9] Folgarait P J,Perelman S,Gorosito N,Pizzio R,Fernández J. Effects of Camponotus punctulatus ants on plant community composition and soil properties across land-use histories. Plant Ecology,2002,163(1):1-13.
[10] Wang S J,Wang H,Li J H,Zhang Z. Ants can exert a diverse effect on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in a Xishuangbanna tropical forest. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,113:45-52.
[11] Lubbers I M,Van Groenigen K J,Fonte S J,Six J,Brussaard L,Van Groenigen J W. Greenhouse-gas emissions from soils increased by earthworms. Nature Climate Change,2013,3(3):187-194.
[12]何娜,王立海.压实对土壤理化特性及土壤呼吸的影响研究进展.森林工程,2010,26(1):7-11.
[13] Koehler B,Zehe E,Corre M D,Veldkamp E. An inverse analysis reveals limitations of the soil-CO2profile method to calculate CO2production and efflux for well-structured soils. Biogeosciences,2010,7(8):2311-2325.
[14] Oren A,Steinberger Y. Coping with artifacts induced by CaCO3-CO2-H2O equilibria in substrate utilization profiling of calcareous soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(10):2569-2577.
[15] Pêtal J. The influence of ants on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in drained fen soils. Applied Soil Ecology,1998,9(1/3):271-275.
[16] Czerwinski Z,Jakubczyk H,Petal J. The influence of ants of the genus Myrmica on the physico-chemical and microbiological properties of soil within the compass of anthills in the Strzeleckie meadows. Polish Journal of Soil Science,1969,2:51-58.
[17] Risch A C,Jurgensen M F,Schütz M,Page-Dumroese D S. The contribution of red wood ants to soil C and N pools and CO2emissions in subalpine forests. Ecology,2005,86(2):419-430.
[18]杨效东,佘宇平,张智英,曹敏,邓小保.西双版纳傣族“龙山”片断热带雨林蚂蚁类群结构与多样性研究.生态学报,2001,21(8):1321-1328.
[19] Holec M,Frouz J. The effect of two ant species Lasius niger and Lasius flavus on soil properties in two contrasting habitats. European Journal of Soil Biology,2006,42(S1):S213-S217.
[20]王邵军,王红,李霁航.土壤温度与水分对昆明城市绿地土壤呼吸时间动态的影响.西北林学院学报,2016,31(5):306-310.
[21]赵吉霞,王邵军,陈奇伯,王艳霞,熊好琴.滇中高原云南松幼林和成熟林土壤呼吸及主要影响因子分析.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,38(3):71-76.
[22]赵吉霞,王邵军,陈奇伯,陈敏全,舒蛟靖,李元玖.滇中云南松林土壤呼吸季节动态及其影响因子研究.西北林学院学报,2015,30(3):8-13,20-20.
[23]房秋兰,沙丽清.西双版纳热带季节雨林与橡胶林土壤呼吸.植物生态学报,2006,30(1):97-103.
[24]武传胜,沙丽清,高建梅,董丽媛.哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林与人工茶园土壤呼吸的季节变化.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2012,36(3):64-68.
[25] Frouz J. The effect of nest moisture on daily temperature regime in the nests of Formica polyctena wood ants. Insectes Sociaux,2000,47(3):229-235.
[26]王红,王邵军,李霁航,阿丽米拉·叶尔肯.森林土壤呼吸及其主要调控因素研究进展.西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):92-97.
[27]卢华正,沙丽清,王君,胡文艳,吴兵霞.西双版纳热带季节雨林与橡胶林土壤呼吸的季节变化.应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2315-2322.
[28]杨庆朋,徐明,刘洪升,王劲松,刘丽香,迟永刚,郑云普.土壤呼吸温度敏感性的影响因素和不确定性.生态学报,2011,31(8):2301-2311.
[29]冯朝阳,吕世海,高吉喜,刘尚华,林栋.华北山地不同植被类型土壤呼吸特征研究.北京林业大学学报,2008,30(2):20-26.
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