1995—2015年广州市景观生态安全时空演变研究
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摘要
文章将景观生态系统的结构安全和功能安全相结合,对1995—2015年广州市景观生态安全水平进行评价,并据此分析其时空变化特征。研究结果表明:(1)1995—2015年,建设用地景观类型出现大面积增长,其余土地利用景观类型面积呈减少趋势。建设用地景观类型面积增加的主要来源为水田和林地。(2)研究期间,广州市景观生态安全水平一直处于中等水平并有下降趋势。景观生态安全低等级区面积增长一倍,高等级区面积整体不变,较低、中等、较高等级区面积减少。(3)景观生态安全水平低等级主要分布在越秀、海珠、天河和荔湾区,高等级分布在从化、增城和南沙区。2005年后,景观生态安全水平低等级逐渐向中心城区周边的花都、黄埔和番禺等区域扩张,高等级分布稳定。(4)研究期间C0和C0/(C0+C)先增加随后保持稳定,说明广州市景观生态安全2010年之前主要受非结构因素影响,之后受到结构因素与非结构因素共同影响。
This paper combines the structural safety and functional safety of the landscape ecosystem to evaluate the landscape ecological security level of Guangzhou during 1995-2015, and analyzes its temporal and spatial variation characteristics accordingly. The results show that:(1) From 1995 to 2015, the landscape type of construction land has increased greatly, and the area of other land using landscape types has decreased. Paddy fields and woodlands are the main sources of increased land area types for construction land.(2) During the research period, the landscape ecological security level of Guangzhou City has been at a medium level and has a downward trend. The area of landscape ecological security low-grade area has doubled, the area of highgrade area has remained unchanged, and the area of lower, medium and higher grades has decreased.(3) The low level of landscape ecological security is mainly distributed in Yuexiu, Haizhu, Tianhe and Liwan Districts, and the high grades are distributed in Conghua, Zengcheng and Nansha Districts. After 2005, the low level of landscape ecological security gradually expanded to the Huadu, Huangpu and Panyu areas around the central city, and the high-level distribution was stable.(4) During the study period, C0 and C0/(C0+C) increased first and then remained stable, which indicates that the landscape ecological security of Guangzhou was mainly affected by non-structural factors before 2010, and then affected by structural factors and non-structural factors.
This paper combines the structural safety and functional safety of the landscape ecosystem to evaluate the landscape ecological security level of Guangzhou during 1995-2015, and analyzes its temporal and spatial variation characteristics accordingly. The results show that:(1) From 1995 to 2015, the landscape type of construction land has increased greatly, and the area of other land using landscape types has decreased. Paddy fields and woodlands are the main sources of increased land area types for construction land.(2) During the research period, the landscape ecological security level of Guangzhou City has been at a medium level and has a downward trend. The area of landscape ecological security low-grade area has doubled, the area of highgrade area has remained unchanged, and the area of lower, medium and higher grades has decreased.(3) The low level of landscape ecological security is mainly distributed in Yuexiu, Haizhu, Tianhe and Liwan Districts, and the high grades are distributed in Conghua, Zengcheng and Nansha Districts. After 2005, the low level of landscape ecological security gradually expanded to the Huadu, Huangpu and Panyu areas around the central city, and the high-level distribution was stable.(4) During the study period, C0 and C0/(C0+C) increased first and then remained stable, which indicates that the landscape ecological security of Guangzhou was mainly affected by non-structural factors before 2010, and then affected by structural factors and non-structural factors.
引文
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[5]潘竟虎,刘晓.疏勒河流域景观生态风险评价与生态安全格局优化构建[J].生态学杂志,2016(3):791-799.
[6]彭建,赵会娟,刘焱序,等.区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望[J].地理研究,2017(3):407-419.
[7]马世五,谢德体,张孝成,等.三峡库区生态敏感区土地生态安全预警测度与时空演变——以重庆市万州区为例[J].生态学报,2017(24):8227-8240.
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[10]李玉照,刘永,颜小品.基于DPSIR模型的流域生态安全评价指标体系研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2012(6):971-981.
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[12]Chu X, Deng X Z, Jin G, et al. Ecological security assessment based on ecological footprint approach in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2017(101):43-51.
[13]潘竟虎,刘晓.基于空间主成分和最小累积阻力模型的内陆河景观生态安全评价与格局优化——以张掖市甘州区为例[J].应用生态学报,2015(10):3126-3136.
[14]黄宁,杨绵海,林志兰,等.厦门市海岸带景观格局变化及其对生态安全的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012(12):3193-3202.
[15]龚建周,夏北成,陈健飞,等.基于3S技术的广州市生态安全景观格局分析[J].生态学报,2008(9):4323-4333.
[16]吴健生,岳新欣,秦维.基于生态系统服务价值重构的生态安全格局构建——以重庆两江新区为例[J].地理研究,2017(3):429-440.
[17]Kang P, Chen W P, Hou Y, et al. Linking ecosystem services and ecosystem health to ecological risk assessment:A case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2018(636):1442-1454.
[18]张学斌,石培基,罗君,等.基于景观格局的干旱内陆河流域生态风险分析——以石羊河流域为例[J].自然资源学报,2014(3):410-419.
[19]巩杰,赵彩霞,谢余初,等.基于景观格局的甘肃白龙江流域生态风险评价与管理[J].应用生态学报,2014(7):2041-2048.
[20]闻国静,刘云根,王妍,等.普者黑湖流域景观格局及生态风险时空演变[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017(6):1095-1103.
[21]张月,张飞,王娟,等.近40年艾比湖湿地自然保护区生态干扰度时空动态及景观格局变化[J].生态学报,2017(21):7082-7097.
[22]于蓉蓉,谢文霞,赵全升,等.基于景观格局的胶州湾大沽河口湿地生态安全[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(11):2891-2899.
[23]Costanza R, d’Arge R, Groot R, et al. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J]. Nature, 1997(387):253-260.
[24]何玲,贾启建,李超,等.基于生态系统服务价值和生态安全格局的土地利用格局模拟[J].农业工程学报,2016(3):275-284.
[25]常学礼,赵文智,李秀梅,等.基于生态服务价值的张掖绿洲生态安全评价[J].自然资源学报,2010(3):396-406.
[26]刘纪远,刘明亮,庄大方,等.中国近期土地利用变化的空间格局分析[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2002(12):1031-1040.
[27]赵筱青,王兴友,谢鹏飞,等.基于结构与功能安全性的景观生态安全时空变化——以人工园林大面积种植区西盟县为例[J].地理研究,2015(8):1581-1591.
[28]谢花林.基于景观结构的土地利用生态风险空间特征分析——以江西兴国县为例[J].中国环境科学,2011(4):688-695.
[29]孙才志,闫晓露,钟敬秋.下辽河平原景观格局脆弱性及空间关联格局[J].生态学报,2014(2):247-257.
[30]姚允龙,吕宪国,佟守正.景观敏感度的理论及其应用意义[J].地理科学进展,2007(5):57-64.
[31]韩振华,李建东,殷红,等.基于景观格局的辽河三角洲湿地生态安全分析[J].生态环境学报,2010(3):701-705.
[32]傅伯杰,周国逸,白永飞,等.中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全[J].地球科学进展,2009(6):571-576.
[33]李屹峰,罗跃初,刘纲,等.土地利用变化对生态系统服务功能的影响——以密云水库流域为例[J].生态学报,2013(3):726-736.
[34]谢高地,张彩霞,张雷明,等.基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进[J].自然资源学报,2015(8):1243-1254.
[35]谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003(2):189-196.
[36]刘桂林,张落成,张倩.长三角地区土地利用时空变化对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].生态学报,2014(12):3311-3319.
[37]梁二敏,张军民,杨卫红.新疆玛纳斯河流域绿洲景观生态脆弱性时空分异[J].干旱区研究,2017(4):950-957.
[2]邓劲松,李君,余亮,等.快速城市化过程中杭州市土地利用景观格局动态[J].应用生态学报,2008(9):2003-2008.
[3]陈星,周成虎.生态安全:国内外研究综述[J].地理科学进展,2005(6):8-20.
[4]肖笃宁,陈文波,郭福良.论生态安全的基本概念和研究内容[J].应用生态学报,2002(3):354-358.
[5]潘竟虎,刘晓.疏勒河流域景观生态风险评价与生态安全格局优化构建[J].生态学杂志,2016(3):791-799.
[6]彭建,赵会娟,刘焱序,等.区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望[J].地理研究,2017(3):407-419.
[7]马世五,谢德体,张孝成,等.三峡库区生态敏感区土地生态安全预警测度与时空演变——以重庆市万州区为例[J].生态学报,2017(24):8227-8240.
[8]Gong J Z, Liu Y S, Xia B C, et al. Urban ecological security assessment and forecasting, based on a cellular automata model:A case study of Guangzhou, China[J]. 2009, 220(24):3612-3620.
[9]谢余初,巩杰,张玲玲.基于PSR模型的白龙江流域景观生态安全时空变化[J].地理科学,2015(6):790-797.
[10]李玉照,刘永,颜小品.基于DPSIR模型的流域生态安全评价指标体系研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2012(6):971-981.
[11]Gao P P, Li Y P, Sun J, et al. Coupling fuzzy multiple attribute decision-making with analytic hierarchy process to evaluate urban ecological security:A case study of Guangzhou, China[J].Ecological Complexity, 2018(34):23-34.
[12]Chu X, Deng X Z, Jin G, et al. Ecological security assessment based on ecological footprint approach in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2017(101):43-51.
[13]潘竟虎,刘晓.基于空间主成分和最小累积阻力模型的内陆河景观生态安全评价与格局优化——以张掖市甘州区为例[J].应用生态学报,2015(10):3126-3136.
[14]黄宁,杨绵海,林志兰,等.厦门市海岸带景观格局变化及其对生态安全的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012(12):3193-3202.
[15]龚建周,夏北成,陈健飞,等.基于3S技术的广州市生态安全景观格局分析[J].生态学报,2008(9):4323-4333.
[16]吴健生,岳新欣,秦维.基于生态系统服务价值重构的生态安全格局构建——以重庆两江新区为例[J].地理研究,2017(3):429-440.
[17]Kang P, Chen W P, Hou Y, et al. Linking ecosystem services and ecosystem health to ecological risk assessment:A case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2018(636):1442-1454.
[18]张学斌,石培基,罗君,等.基于景观格局的干旱内陆河流域生态风险分析——以石羊河流域为例[J].自然资源学报,2014(3):410-419.
[19]巩杰,赵彩霞,谢余初,等.基于景观格局的甘肃白龙江流域生态风险评价与管理[J].应用生态学报,2014(7):2041-2048.
[20]闻国静,刘云根,王妍,等.普者黑湖流域景观格局及生态风险时空演变[J].浙江农林大学学报,2017(6):1095-1103.
[21]张月,张飞,王娟,等.近40年艾比湖湿地自然保护区生态干扰度时空动态及景观格局变化[J].生态学报,2017(21):7082-7097.
[22]于蓉蓉,谢文霞,赵全升,等.基于景观格局的胶州湾大沽河口湿地生态安全[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(11):2891-2899.
[23]Costanza R, d’Arge R, Groot R, et al. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J]. Nature, 1997(387):253-260.
[24]何玲,贾启建,李超,等.基于生态系统服务价值和生态安全格局的土地利用格局模拟[J].农业工程学报,2016(3):275-284.
[25]常学礼,赵文智,李秀梅,等.基于生态服务价值的张掖绿洲生态安全评价[J].自然资源学报,2010(3):396-406.
[26]刘纪远,刘明亮,庄大方,等.中国近期土地利用变化的空间格局分析[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2002(12):1031-1040.
[27]赵筱青,王兴友,谢鹏飞,等.基于结构与功能安全性的景观生态安全时空变化——以人工园林大面积种植区西盟县为例[J].地理研究,2015(8):1581-1591.
[28]谢花林.基于景观结构的土地利用生态风险空间特征分析——以江西兴国县为例[J].中国环境科学,2011(4):688-695.
[29]孙才志,闫晓露,钟敬秋.下辽河平原景观格局脆弱性及空间关联格局[J].生态学报,2014(2):247-257.
[30]姚允龙,吕宪国,佟守正.景观敏感度的理论及其应用意义[J].地理科学进展,2007(5):57-64.
[31]韩振华,李建东,殷红,等.基于景观格局的辽河三角洲湿地生态安全分析[J].生态环境学报,2010(3):701-705.
[32]傅伯杰,周国逸,白永飞,等.中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全[J].地球科学进展,2009(6):571-576.
[33]李屹峰,罗跃初,刘纲,等.土地利用变化对生态系统服务功能的影响——以密云水库流域为例[J].生态学报,2013(3):726-736.
[34]谢高地,张彩霞,张雷明,等.基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进[J].自然资源学报,2015(8):1243-1254.
[35]谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003(2):189-196.
[36]刘桂林,张落成,张倩.长三角地区土地利用时空变化对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].生态学报,2014(12):3311-3319.
[37]梁二敏,张军民,杨卫红.新疆玛纳斯河流域绿洲景观生态脆弱性时空分异[J].干旱区研究,2017(4):950-957.