基于功率自适应分配的多堆燃料电池系统效率协调优化控制
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摘要
针对单体燃料电池存在输出功率有限、耐久性不足以及系统成本较高等缺点,多堆燃料电池发电系统成为了研究热点。针对大功率车辆的实际传动性能要求,重点研究了并联拓扑结构下的多堆燃料电池系统运行特性,提出一种基于功率自适应分配的多堆燃料电池系统效率协调优化控制方法,实现了各个电堆输出功率的有效分配,并以系统整体效率最优为评价指标,使整个多堆系统处于最优运行状态,保证了大功率车辆用多堆燃料电池系统的高效、平稳运行。
In view of the limited output power, insufficient durability and high system cost of single fuel cell, the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system has become a research hotspot. In allusion to the actual transmission performance requirements of high-power vehicles, this paper focused on the operation characteristics of multi-stack fuel cell systems in the parallel topological structure. An efficiency coordination and optimization control method of multi-stack fuel cell systems based on power adaptive allocation was proposed. The effective distribution of output power in the power system was realized. And the overall efficiency of the system was optimized as the evaluation index, so that the whole multi-stack system was in the optimal operation state. It ensures the efficient and smooth operation of multi-stack fuel cell systems for high-power vehicles.
In view of the limited output power, insufficient durability and high system cost of single fuel cell, the multi-stack fuel cell power generation system has become a research hotspot. In allusion to the actual transmission performance requirements of high-power vehicles, this paper focused on the operation characteristics of multi-stack fuel cell systems in the parallel topological structure. An efficiency coordination and optimization control method of multi-stack fuel cell systems based on power adaptive allocation was proposed. The effective distribution of output power in the power system was realized. And the overall efficiency of the system was optimized as the evaluation index, so that the whole multi-stack system was in the optimal operation state. It ensures the efficient and smooth operation of multi-stack fuel cell systems for high-power vehicles.
引文
[1]陈维荣,刘嘉蔚,李奇,等.质子交换膜燃料电池故障诊断方法综述及展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(16):4712-4721.Chen Weirong,Liu Jiawei,Li Qi,et al.Review and prospect of fault diagnosis methods for proton exchange membrane fuel cell[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(16):4712-4721(in Chinese).
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[8]Xie Changjun,Xu Xinyi,Bujlo P,et al.Fuel cell and lithium iron phosphate battery hybrid powertrain with an ultracapacitor bank using direct parallel structure[J].Journal of Power Sources,2015,279:487-494.
[9]Liu Jianxing,Luo Wensheng,Yang Xiaozhan,et al.Robust model-based fault diagnosis for PEM fuel cell air-feed system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(5):3261-3270.
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[13]李曦,曹广益,朱新坚.质子交换膜燃料电池电堆温度特性的模糊建模[J].上海交通大学学报,2005(S1):191-192.Li Xi,Cao Guangyi,Zhu Xinjian.Fuzzy modeling for PEMFC stack temperature characteristic[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2005(S1):191-192(in Chinese).
[14]Marx N,Boulon L,Gustin F,et al.A review of multi-stack and modular fuel cell systems:Interests,application areas and on-going research activities[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2014,39(23):12101-12111.
[15]Herr N,Nicod J M,Varnier C,et al.Decision process to manage useful life of multi-stacks fuel cell systems under service constraint[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Fundamentals&Developments on Fuel Cells.Toulouse,France,2015.
[16]Somaiah B,Agarwal V.Distributed maximum power extraction from fuel cell stack arrays using dedicated power converters in series and parallel configuration[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(4):1442-1451.
[17]Long Rong,Quan Shuhai,Zhang Liyan,et al.Current sharing in parallel fuel cell generation system based on model predictive control[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2015,40(35):11587-11594.
[18]De Bernardinis A,Candusso D,Harel F,et al.Experiments of a 20 cell PEFC operating under fault conditions with diode by-pass circuit for uninterrupted power delivery[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2010,51(5):1044-1054.
[19]Geng Bo,Mills J K,Sun Dong.Two-stage energy management control of fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicles considering fuel cell longevity[J].IEEETransactions on Vehicular Technology,2012,61(2):498-508.
[20]尹良震,李奇,洪志湖,等.PEMFC发电系统FFRLS在线辨识和实时最优温度广义预测控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(11):3223-3235.Yin Liangzhen,Li Qi,Hong Zhihu,et al.FFRLS online identification and real-time optimal temperature generalized predictive control method of PEMFC power generation system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(11):3223-3235(in Chinese).
[21]王玲,李欣然,马亚辉,等.燃料电池发电系统的机电动态模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(22):40-47.Wang Ling,Li Xinran,Ma Yahui,et al.Dynamic model of fuel cell power generating system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(22):40-47(in Chinese).
[22]Li Qi,Yang Hanqing,Han Ying,et al.A state machine strategy based on droop control for an energy management system of PEMFC-battery-supercapacitor hybrid tramway[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2016,41(36):16148-16159.
[23]Bizon N.Improving the PEMFC energy efficiency by optimizing the fueling rates based on extremum seeking algorithm[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2014,39(20):10641-10654.
[24]Li Qi,Chen Weirong,Liu Zhixiang,et al.Development of energy management system based on a power sharing strategy for a fuel cell-battery-supercapacitor hybrid tramway[J].Journal of Power Sources,2015,279:267-280.
[25]丁明,严流进,茆美琴,等.分布式发电中燃料电池的建模与控制[J].电网技术,2009,33(9):8-13.Ding Ming,Yan Liujin,Mao Meiqin,et al.Modeling and control of fuel cells in distributed generation system[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(9):8-13(in Chinese).
[26]方川,徐梁飞,李建秋,等.典型燃料电池轿车动力系统的关键技术[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2016,7(2):210-217.Fang Chuan,Xu Liangfei,Li Jianqiu,et al.Key technologies of the powertrain of a typical fuel cell sedan[J].Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy,2016,7(2):210-217(in Chinese).
[27]Hong Zhihu,Li Qi,Han Ying,et al.An energy management strategy based on dynamic power factor for fuel cell/battery hybrid locomotive[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2018,43(6):3261-3272.
[28]Santamaria A D,Cooper N J,Becton M K,et al.Effect of channel length on interdigitated flow-field PEMFCperformance:A computational and experimental study[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2013,38(36):16253-16263.
[29]Garcia J E,Herrera D F,Boulon L,et al.Power sharing for efficiency optimisation into a multi fuel cell system[C]//Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.Istanbul,Turkey:IEEE,2014:218-223.
[2]赵思臣,王奔,谢玉洪,等.无外增湿质子交换膜燃料电池线性温度扫描实验[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(26):4528-4533.Zhao Sichen,Wang Ben,Xie Yuhong,et al.Linear temperature sweep experimental study on proton exchange membrane fuel cell without external humidification[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(26):4528-4533(in Chinese).
[3]Han Ying,Li Qi,Wang Tianhong,et al.Multisource coordination energy management strategy based on SOCconsensus for a PEMFC-Battery-supercapacitor hybrid tramway[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2018,67(1):296-305.
[4]吴宇,皇甫宜耿,张琳,等.大扰动Buck-Boost变换器的鲁棒高阶滑模控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(7):1740-1748.Wu Yu,Huangfu Yigeng,Zhang Lin,et al.A robust high order sliding mode for buck-boost converters with large disturbances[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(7):1740-1748(in Chinese).
[5]邓惠文,李奇,陈维荣.适用于PEMFC系统过氧化估计的HOSM观测器研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(17):5058-5068.Deng Huiwen,Li Qi,Chen Weirong.Research on HOSMobserver for oxygen excess ratio estimation of PEMFCsystem[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(17):5058-5068(in Chinese).
[6]文艳晖,杨鑫,龙志强,等.非接触供电技术及其在轨道交通上的应用[J].机车电传动,2016(6):14-20.Wen Yanhui,Yang Xin,Long Zhiqiang,et al.Contactless power supply technology and its application in rail transport[J].Electric Drive for Locomotive,2016(6):14-20(in Chinese).
[7]陈维荣,卜庆元,刘志祥,等.燃料电池混合动力有轨电车动力系统设计[J].西南交通大学学报,2016,51(3):430-436.Chen Weirong,Bu Qingyuan,Liu Zhixiang,et al.Power system design for a fuel cell hybrid power tram[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2016,51(3):430-436(in Chinese).
[8]Xie Changjun,Xu Xinyi,Bujlo P,et al.Fuel cell and lithium iron phosphate battery hybrid powertrain with an ultracapacitor bank using direct parallel structure[J].Journal of Power Sources,2015,279:487-494.
[9]Liu Jianxing,Luo Wensheng,Yang Xiaozhan,et al.Robust model-based fault diagnosis for PEM fuel cell air-feed system[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(5):3261-3270.
[10]Liu Jianxing,Gao Yabin,Su Xiaojie,et al.Disturbance-observer-based control for air management of PEM fuel cell systems via sliding mode technique[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2018,doi:10.1109/TCST.2018.2802467.
[11]Hong Ling,Chen Jian,Liu Zhiyang,et al.A nonlinear control strategy for fuel delivery in PEM fuel cells considering nitrogen permeation[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2017,42(2):1565-1576.
[12]Placca L,Kouta R.Fault tree analysis for PEM fuel cell degradation process modelling[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2011,36(19):12393-12405.
[13]李曦,曹广益,朱新坚.质子交换膜燃料电池电堆温度特性的模糊建模[J].上海交通大学学报,2005(S1):191-192.Li Xi,Cao Guangyi,Zhu Xinjian.Fuzzy modeling for PEMFC stack temperature characteristic[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2005(S1):191-192(in Chinese).
[14]Marx N,Boulon L,Gustin F,et al.A review of multi-stack and modular fuel cell systems:Interests,application areas and on-going research activities[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2014,39(23):12101-12111.
[15]Herr N,Nicod J M,Varnier C,et al.Decision process to manage useful life of multi-stacks fuel cell systems under service constraint[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Fundamentals&Developments on Fuel Cells.Toulouse,France,2015.
[16]Somaiah B,Agarwal V.Distributed maximum power extraction from fuel cell stack arrays using dedicated power converters in series and parallel configuration[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2016,31(4):1442-1451.
[17]Long Rong,Quan Shuhai,Zhang Liyan,et al.Current sharing in parallel fuel cell generation system based on model predictive control[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2015,40(35):11587-11594.
[18]De Bernardinis A,Candusso D,Harel F,et al.Experiments of a 20 cell PEFC operating under fault conditions with diode by-pass circuit for uninterrupted power delivery[J].Energy Conversion&Management,2010,51(5):1044-1054.
[19]Geng Bo,Mills J K,Sun Dong.Two-stage energy management control of fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicles considering fuel cell longevity[J].IEEETransactions on Vehicular Technology,2012,61(2):498-508.
[20]尹良震,李奇,洪志湖,等.PEMFC发电系统FFRLS在线辨识和实时最优温度广义预测控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(11):3223-3235.Yin Liangzhen,Li Qi,Hong Zhihu,et al.FFRLS online identification and real-time optimal temperature generalized predictive control method of PEMFC power generation system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(11):3223-3235(in Chinese).
[21]王玲,李欣然,马亚辉,等.燃料电池发电系统的机电动态模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(22):40-47.Wang Ling,Li Xinran,Ma Yahui,et al.Dynamic model of fuel cell power generating system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(22):40-47(in Chinese).
[22]Li Qi,Yang Hanqing,Han Ying,et al.A state machine strategy based on droop control for an energy management system of PEMFC-battery-supercapacitor hybrid tramway[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2016,41(36):16148-16159.
[23]Bizon N.Improving the PEMFC energy efficiency by optimizing the fueling rates based on extremum seeking algorithm[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2014,39(20):10641-10654.
[24]Li Qi,Chen Weirong,Liu Zhixiang,et al.Development of energy management system based on a power sharing strategy for a fuel cell-battery-supercapacitor hybrid tramway[J].Journal of Power Sources,2015,279:267-280.
[25]丁明,严流进,茆美琴,等.分布式发电中燃料电池的建模与控制[J].电网技术,2009,33(9):8-13.Ding Ming,Yan Liujin,Mao Meiqin,et al.Modeling and control of fuel cells in distributed generation system[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(9):8-13(in Chinese).
[26]方川,徐梁飞,李建秋,等.典型燃料电池轿车动力系统的关键技术[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2016,7(2):210-217.Fang Chuan,Xu Liangfei,Li Jianqiu,et al.Key technologies of the powertrain of a typical fuel cell sedan[J].Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy,2016,7(2):210-217(in Chinese).
[27]Hong Zhihu,Li Qi,Han Ying,et al.An energy management strategy based on dynamic power factor for fuel cell/battery hybrid locomotive[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2018,43(6):3261-3272.
[28]Santamaria A D,Cooper N J,Becton M K,et al.Effect of channel length on interdigitated flow-field PEMFCperformance:A computational and experimental study[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2013,38(36):16253-16263.
[29]Garcia J E,Herrera D F,Boulon L,et al.Power sharing for efficiency optimisation into a multi fuel cell system[C]//Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.Istanbul,Turkey:IEEE,2014:218-223.