厚松散层下采煤地表沉陷特征研究
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摘要
为掌握地表沉陷的一般变形规律,需研究厚松散层下采煤地表沉陷终态变形特征和地表沉陷动态变形特征,对云驾岭矿三采区开展了系统的地表沉陷监测,分析研究了地表沉陷终态移动变形特征及角量参数求取,地表下沉速度,地表下沉速度滞后和地表移动延续时间。研究结果表明:地表沉陷范围广,充分采动角为:走向左70°、走向右61°、走向边界角57°、下山边界角81°、走向移动角67°,下沉速度快,下沉活跃阶段仅为15 d,占整个地表移动时间的6%,最大下沉速度滞后距分别为146 m和143 m,衰退阶段下沉量小,但周期较长,上述结果验证了厚松散层下重复采动时,地表下沉与采动程度呈正比,活跃期的下沉周期短,衰退阶段周期长等特征。
Based on the general deformation law of surface subsidence,the characteristics of the final deformation of the surface subsidence and the dynamic deformation characteristics of the surface subsidence under the thick loose layers were studied,and the systematic surface subsidence monitoring was carried out in the third mining area of Yunjialing Mine,and the characteristics of the final movement and deformation of the surface subsidence,the calculation of the angular parameters,the subsidence rate of the ground surface,the velocity of ground subsidence and the duration of ground movement were analyzed and studied.The results show that the subsidence area is wide,and the full mining angle is 70° to the left,61° to the right,57° to the boundary angle,81° to the lower boundary angle,and the strike angle is 67°.The sinking speed is fast and the active phase is only 15 days,accounting for 6% of the total surface movement time.The maximum subsidence velocity lag distance is 146 m and 143 m respectively,and the subsidence amount is smaller but the cycle is longer in the recession stage.The above results show that when the mining is repeated under thick loose layer,the subsidence of the ground surface is directly proportional to the degree of mining,the subsidence period of active period is short,and the period of the decline stage is long.
Based on the general deformation law of surface subsidence,the characteristics of the final deformation of the surface subsidence and the dynamic deformation characteristics of the surface subsidence under the thick loose layers were studied,and the systematic surface subsidence monitoring was carried out in the third mining area of Yunjialing Mine,and the characteristics of the final movement and deformation of the surface subsidence,the calculation of the angular parameters,the subsidence rate of the ground surface,the velocity of ground subsidence and the duration of ground movement were analyzed and studied.The results show that the subsidence area is wide,and the full mining angle is 70° to the left,61° to the right,57° to the boundary angle,81° to the lower boundary angle,and the strike angle is 67°.The sinking speed is fast and the active phase is only 15 days,accounting for 6% of the total surface movement time.The maximum subsidence velocity lag distance is 146 m and 143 m respectively,and the subsidence amount is smaller but the cycle is longer in the recession stage.The above results show that when the mining is repeated under thick loose layer,the subsidence of the ground surface is directly proportional to the degree of mining,the subsidence period of active period is short,and the period of the decline stage is long.
引文
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[4]贾新果.采煤沉陷区地表残余沉陷时间函数模型研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(11):157-162.JIA Xinguo.Study on time function model of residual subsidence at surface coal mining subsidence area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(11):157-162.
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[13]侯得峰,李德海,许国胜,等.厚松散层下采高对地表动态沉降特征的影响[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(12):191-196.HOU Defeng,LI Dehai,XU Guosheng,et al.Influence of mining height under thick loose layer on dynamic subsidence characteristics of land surface[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(12):191-196.
[14]陈俊杰,陈勇,郭文兵,等.厚松散层开采条件下地表移动规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(11):95-97,102.CHEN Junjie,CHEN Yong,GUO Wenbing,et al.Study on surface movement rule under thick loose layer mining condition[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(11):95-97,102.
[15]REN G,LI J,BUCKERIDGE J.Calculation of mining subsidence and ground principal strains using a generalized influence function[J].Mining Technology,2010,119(1):34-41.
[16]柴华彬,邹友峰,梁和平,等.开采沉陷岩移参数研究现状分析[J].河南理工大学学报,2013,32(5):567-570.CHAI Huabin,ZOU Youfeng,LIANG Heping.Analysis of rock shift parameters in mining subsidence analysis[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University,2013,32(5):567-570.
[17]李春意,高永格,崔希民.基于正态分布时间函数地表动态沉陷预测研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(S1):108-116.LI Chunyi,GAO Yongge,CUI Ximin.Prediction of surface subsidence based on normal distribution time function[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(S1):108-116.
[18]赵忠义,陈昕昕,梁华杰.不同松散层厚度对地表沉降特征的影响研究[J].煤炭技术,2017,36(8):26-28.ZHAO Zhongyi,CHEN Xinxin,LIANG Huajie.Influence of different loose layer thickness on ground settlement characteristics[J].Coal Technology,2017,36(8):26-28.
[19]许延春,刘世奇,高玉兵,等.厚松散层内部微变形规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(10):10-13,23.XU Yanchun,LIU Shiqi,GAO Yubing,et al.Study on the internal micro deformation law of thick loose layer[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(10):10-13,23.
[20]徐乃忠,高超,吴太平.浅埋深高强度综采地表沉陷规律实测研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(10):150-154,202.XU Naizhong,GAO Chao,WU Taiping.Study on actual measurement of surface subsidence law occurred by shallow mining depth and high intensity fully mechanized coal mining[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(10):150-154,202.
[21]REN G,LI G,KULESSA M.Application of a generally influence function method for subsidence prediction in multi-seam longwall extraction[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,2014,32(4):1123-1131.
[22]SYD S Peng.Surface subsidence engineering[M].New York:The Society for Mining,Metallurgy and Exploration,Inc 1992.
[2]LOUPASAKIS C,ANGELITSA V,ROZOS D.et al.Mining geohazards-land subsidence caused by the dewatering of opencast coal mines:a case study of Amyntaio Coal Mine,Florina,Greece[J].Natural Hazards,2014,70(1):675-691.
[3]肖武,陈佳乐,胡振琪,等.高潜水位采煤沉陷地构建平原水库可行性分析与实践[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(7):184-189.XIAOWu,CHEN Jiale,HU Zhenqi,et al.Feasibility analysis and practice of constructing plain reservoirs in high underground water mining subsidence area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(7):184-189.
[4]贾新果.采煤沉陷区地表残余沉陷时间函数模型研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(11):157-162.JIA Xinguo.Study on time function model of residual subsidence at surface coal mining subsidence area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(11):157-162.
[5]CUI,Ximin LI,Chunyi,HU Qingfeng et al.Prediction of surface subsidence due to underground mining based on the zenith angle[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,60(6):246-252.
[6]谢生荣,张广超,何尚森,等.深部大采高充填开采沿空留巷围岩控制机理及应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(12):2362-2368.XIE Shengrong,ZHANG Guangchao,HE Shangsen.Control mechanism and application of surrounding rock for gob side entry retaining in deep mining with large mining height and filling mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(12):2362-2368.
[7]刘义新.厚松散层下深部开采覆岩破坏及地表移动规律研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2010.
[8]李江华,许延春,姜鹏,等.巨厚松散层薄基岩工作面覆岩载荷传递特征研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(11):95-100.LI Jianghua,XU Yanchun,JIANG Peng,et al.Study on load transmission characteristics of overburden rock above coal mining face in thin bedrock of super thick unconsolidated stratum[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(11):95-100
[9]王军保,刘新荣,刘小军.开采沉陷动态预测模型[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(3):516-521.WANG Junbao,LIU Xinrong,LIU Xiaojun.Dynamic prediction model of mining subsidence[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(3):516-521.
[10]李德海,陈祥恩,李东升.厚松散层下开采地表移动预计及岩移参数分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2002,19(1):90-92,109.LI Dehai,CHEN Xiangen,LI Dongsheng.Prediction of surface movement and analysis of rock movement parameters under thick loose layer mining[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2002,19(1):90-92,109.
[11]TUGRULUnlu,HAKANAkcin,OZGURYilmaz.An integrated approach for the prediction of subsidence for coal mining basins[J].Engineering Geology,2013,166(8):186-203.
[12]王启春,李建,郭广礼.重庆市矿区开采沉陷预计参数类比分析研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(10):196-202.WANG Qichun,LI Jian,GUO Guangli.Study on analogy analysis on prediction of surface subsidence parameters in mining area of Chongqing City[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(10):196-202.
[13]侯得峰,李德海,许国胜,等.厚松散层下采高对地表动态沉降特征的影响[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(12):191-196.HOU Defeng,LI Dehai,XU Guosheng,et al.Influence of mining height under thick loose layer on dynamic subsidence characteristics of land surface[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(12):191-196.
[14]陈俊杰,陈勇,郭文兵,等.厚松散层开采条件下地表移动规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(11):95-97,102.CHEN Junjie,CHEN Yong,GUO Wenbing,et al.Study on surface movement rule under thick loose layer mining condition[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(11):95-97,102.
[15]REN G,LI J,BUCKERIDGE J.Calculation of mining subsidence and ground principal strains using a generalized influence function[J].Mining Technology,2010,119(1):34-41.
[16]柴华彬,邹友峰,梁和平,等.开采沉陷岩移参数研究现状分析[J].河南理工大学学报,2013,32(5):567-570.CHAI Huabin,ZOU Youfeng,LIANG Heping.Analysis of rock shift parameters in mining subsidence analysis[J].Journal of Henan Polytechnic University,2013,32(5):567-570.
[17]李春意,高永格,崔希民.基于正态分布时间函数地表动态沉陷预测研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(S1):108-116.LI Chunyi,GAO Yongge,CUI Ximin.Prediction of surface subsidence based on normal distribution time function[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(S1):108-116.
[18]赵忠义,陈昕昕,梁华杰.不同松散层厚度对地表沉降特征的影响研究[J].煤炭技术,2017,36(8):26-28.ZHAO Zhongyi,CHEN Xinxin,LIANG Huajie.Influence of different loose layer thickness on ground settlement characteristics[J].Coal Technology,2017,36(8):26-28.
[19]许延春,刘世奇,高玉兵,等.厚松散层内部微变形规律研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(10):10-13,23.XU Yanchun,LIU Shiqi,GAO Yubing,et al.Study on the internal micro deformation law of thick loose layer[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(10):10-13,23.
[20]徐乃忠,高超,吴太平.浅埋深高强度综采地表沉陷规律实测研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(10):150-154,202.XU Naizhong,GAO Chao,WU Taiping.Study on actual measurement of surface subsidence law occurred by shallow mining depth and high intensity fully mechanized coal mining[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(10):150-154,202.
[21]REN G,LI G,KULESSA M.Application of a generally influence function method for subsidence prediction in multi-seam longwall extraction[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,2014,32(4):1123-1131.
[22]SYD S Peng.Surface subsidence engineering[M].New York:The Society for Mining,Metallurgy and Exploration,Inc 1992.
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