落叶松人工林下红皮云杉和青海云杉的幼苗更新
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摘要
落叶松幼苗在其人工林内难以更新。为探讨红皮云杉和青海云杉幼苗是否具有在落叶松人工林内成功定植并替代落叶松更新的潜力,采用红皮云杉和青海云杉幼苗在不同落叶松人工林(样地Ⅰ:1 300株·hm~(-2)的平地,样地Ⅱ,660株·hm~(-2)的平地;样地Ⅲ,330株·hm~(-2)的平地;样地Ⅳ,660株·hm~(-2)的坡地)下进行人工更新。结果表明:1)样地Ⅰ和样地Ⅱ更适宜红皮云杉和青海云杉幼苗的存活,且同一样地内,红皮云杉幼苗的成活率均高于青海云杉的;2)同一样地内,红皮云杉幼苗的地上生物量均高于青海云杉的,并且在样地Ⅰ和样地Ⅱ红皮云杉的地上生物量显著高于青海云杉的;3)在不同落叶松人工林样地,红皮云杉和青海云杉幼苗的1级根均有较好的外生菌根侵染;4)红皮云杉幼苗的1级根直径受环境影响较大,而青海云杉幼苗的1级根皮层厚度受环境影响较大。同一样地内,2种云杉幼苗的1级根解剖结构除在样地Ⅳ表现出明显的差异外,在其它样地基本无显著差异。红皮云杉和青海云杉幼苗均适宜在落叶松人工林内存活,但相对高密度的林分更适宜云杉幼苗的生长,且红皮云杉比青海云杉更具生长优势。
Larix olgensis seedlings are dif?cult to regenerate in its arti?cial plantations. Seedlings of Picea koraiensis and P. crassifolia were manually planted in different larch plantations(plot Ⅰ : 1300 trees/hm-2 ?atland, plot Ⅱ : 660 trees/hm ?atland, plot Ⅲ : 330 trees/hm ?atland, plot Ⅳ : 660 trees/hm slope) to explore whether the seedlings of P. koraiensis and P. crassifolia could settle successfully and solve larch regeneration problem. The results show that: 1) Plot I and plot II were more suitable for the survival of P. koraiensis and P. crassifolia seedlings, and in the same plot, P. koraiensis seedlings survival rate was higher than that of P. crassifolia. 2) The biomass of P. koraiensis was higher than that of P. crassifolia in each plot, furthermore, it was signi?cant higher in plot Ⅰ and plot Ⅱ. 3) Both P. koraiensis and P. crassifolia seedlings had preferable ectomycorrhizal infection in different larch plantations. 4) The diameter of the?rst order roots of P. koraiensis seedlings was greatly in?uenced by environment, while the cortical thickness of the ?rst order roots of P. crassifolia seedlings was greatly affected by environment; The ?rst order root anatomy of two kinds of spruce seedlings showed no signi?cant difference in the same plot(except plot IV); P. koraiensis and P. crassifolia seedlings were both suitable for survival in larch plantations, but the relative high-density stands was more suitable for the growth of spruce seedlings and P. koraiensis had more advantages than P. crassifolia in growth advantage.
Larix olgensis seedlings are dif?cult to regenerate in its arti?cial plantations. Seedlings of Picea koraiensis and P. crassifolia were manually planted in different larch plantations(plot Ⅰ : 1300 trees/hm-2 ?atland, plot Ⅱ : 660 trees/hm ?atland, plot Ⅲ : 330 trees/hm ?atland, plot Ⅳ : 660 trees/hm slope) to explore whether the seedlings of P. koraiensis and P. crassifolia could settle successfully and solve larch regeneration problem. The results show that: 1) Plot I and plot II were more suitable for the survival of P. koraiensis and P. crassifolia seedlings, and in the same plot, P. koraiensis seedlings survival rate was higher than that of P. crassifolia. 2) The biomass of P. koraiensis was higher than that of P. crassifolia in each plot, furthermore, it was signi?cant higher in plot Ⅰ and plot Ⅱ. 3) Both P. koraiensis and P. crassifolia seedlings had preferable ectomycorrhizal infection in different larch plantations. 4) The diameter of the?rst order roots of P. koraiensis seedlings was greatly in?uenced by environment, while the cortical thickness of the ?rst order roots of P. crassifolia seedlings was greatly affected by environment; The ?rst order root anatomy of two kinds of spruce seedlings showed no signi?cant difference in the same plot(except plot IV); P. koraiensis and P. crassifolia seedlings were both suitable for survival in larch plantations, but the relative high-density stands was more suitable for the growth of spruce seedlings and P. koraiensis had more advantages than P. crassifolia in growth advantage.
引文
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[8]肖翠,刘帅,黄珍,等.长白山阔叶红松林中影响乔木幼苗存活的关键因素[J].生态学报,2015,35(19):6557-6565.
[9]BAI X,HAO Z.Effects of local biotic neighbors and habitat heterogeneity on tree and shrub seedling survival in an oldgrowth temperate forest[J].Oecologia,2012,170(3):755.
[10]彭闪江,黄忠良,彭少麟,等.植物天然更新过程中种子和幼苗死亡的影响因素[J].广西植物,2004,2(2):113-121.
[11]CONDIT R,ASHTON P,BUNYAVEJCHEWIN S,et al.The Importance of Demographic Niches to Tree Diversity[J].Science,2006,313(5783):98-101.
[12]郭晓燕,付立,张露,等.林地土壤及其真菌对毛红椿种子发芽及幼苗保存的影响[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(5):871-877.
[13]康冰,刘世荣,蔡道雄,等.马尾松人工林林分密度对林下植被及土壤性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2323-2331.
[14]LIU Y,YU S,XIE Z P,et al.Analysis of a negative plant-soil feedback in a subtropical monsoon forest[J].Journal of Ecology,2012,100(4):1019-1028.
[15]GóMEZ-Aparicio L,DOMíNGUEZ-BEGINES J,KARDOL P,et al.Plant-soil feedbacks in declining forests:implications for species coexistence[J].Ecology,2017,[16]KRONZUCKER H J,SIDDIQI M Y,GLASS A D M.Conifer root discrimination against soil nitrate and the ecology of forest succession[J].Nature,1997,385(6611):59-61.
[17]王国森.人工促进天然更新的技术措施[J].安徽农学通报,2014(16):99-101.
[18]于守龙.辽西地区人工促进森林天然更新的探讨[J].辽宁林业科技,2015(6):62-63.
[19]阿日根,刘洋,格日乐高娃,等.大兴安岭3种主要林型兴安落叶松土壤种子库与天然更新[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(10):66-70.
[20]农友,卢立华,孙冬婧,等.岩溶石山降香黄檀人工林的天然更新[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(3):63-68.
[21]向玮,雷相东,洪玲霞,等.落叶松云冷杉林矩阵生长模型及多目标经营模拟[J].林业科学,2011,47(6):77-87.
[22]姚彦文,张志环,倪柏春,等.青海云杉的引种栽培[J].林业科技通讯,2004(5):24.
[23]宋绍军,崔崧,王承义.光照条件对绿化树种青海云杉引种的影响[J].中国林副特产,2011(2):24-25.
[24]商士达殷鸣放,吴春雷,等.落叶松林内4种栽培幼树的光合特性[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(7):36-38.
[25]殷鸣放,刘大卫,杨森,等.辽东山区落叶松人工纯林诱导复层林更新试验[J].林业工程学报,2008,22(3):14-17.
[26]殷鸣放,杨森,陈晓非,等.辽东山区落叶松人工纯林下云杉更新研究[J].林业实用技术,2008(5):6-8.
[27]张芸香,李海波,郭晋平.华北落叶松和云杉幼苗生长对氮素浓度响应的差异[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(2):26-29.
[28]张彦雷,康峰峰,韩海荣,等.太岳山油松人工林冠下光环境特征与冠层结构[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(2):169-174.
[29]靳甜甜,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.不同坡位沙棘光合日变化及其主要环境因子[J].生态学报,2011,31(7):1783-1793.
[30]李芳兰,包维楷,庞学勇,等.岷江干旱河谷5种乡土植物的出苗、存活和生长[J].生态学报,2009,29(5):2219-2230.
[31]赵万里.云杉地理种源苗期试验初报[J].新疆农业科学,2002,39(6):323-326.
[32]冯博,徐程扬,陈建军,等.光照对3种针叶树种幼苗生长与根系发育影响的研究[J].吉林林业科技,2016,45(1):28-32.
[33]刘帅,侯嫚嫚,廖嘉星,等.生物邻体和生境异质性共同驱动乔木幼苗存活动态[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(4):639-645.
[34]LIESE R,LüBBE T,ALBERS N W,et al.The mycorrhizal type governs root exudation and nitrogen uptake of temperate tree species[J].Tree Physiology,2017,38(1):1-13.
[35]KOHLER J,YANG N,PENA R,et al.Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity increases phosphorus uptake efficiency of European beech[J].New Phytol,2018,[36]宋涛涛,陈光水,史顺增,等.土壤增温对杉木幼苗细根呼吸和非结构性碳的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(3):705-712.
[37]BRUNNER I,HERZOG C,DAWES M A,et al.How tree roots respond to drought[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2015,6(547):547.
[38]WANG Y,DONG X,WANG H,et al.Root tip morphology,anatomy,chemistry and potential hydraulic conductivity vary with soil depth in three temperate hardwood species[J].Tree Physiology,2016,36(1):99-108.
[39]GU J,XU Y,DONG X,et al.Root diameter variations explained by anatomy and phylogeny of 50 tropical and temperate tree species[J].Tree Physiology,2014,34(4):415-425.
[40]常文静,郭大立.中国温带、亚热带和热带森林45个常见树种细根直径变异[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(6):1248-1257.
[2]吴国欣,滕维超,梁惠萍.人工林地力衰退研究综述[J].贵州林业科技,2014,42(1):55-60.
[3]ZHANG W,ZHU J,YANG K,et al.Impacts of conversion from secondary forests to larch plantations on the structure and function of microbial communities[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2016,111
[4]朱教君,刘足根,王贺新.辽东山区长白落叶松人工林天然更新障碍分析[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4):695-703.
[5]刘足根,朱教君,袁小兰,等.辽东山区长白落叶松天然更新调查[J].林业科学,2007,43(1):42-49.
[6]贾炜玮,解希涛,姜生伟,等.大兴安岭新林林业局3种林分类型天然更新幼苗幼树的空间分布格局[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(9):2813-2822.
[7]康冰,王得祥,李刚,等.秦岭山地锐齿栎次生林幼苗更新特征[J].生态学报,2012,32(9):2738-2747.
[8]肖翠,刘帅,黄珍,等.长白山阔叶红松林中影响乔木幼苗存活的关键因素[J].生态学报,2015,35(19):6557-6565.
[9]BAI X,HAO Z.Effects of local biotic neighbors and habitat heterogeneity on tree and shrub seedling survival in an oldgrowth temperate forest[J].Oecologia,2012,170(3):755.
[10]彭闪江,黄忠良,彭少麟,等.植物天然更新过程中种子和幼苗死亡的影响因素[J].广西植物,2004,2(2):113-121.
[11]CONDIT R,ASHTON P,BUNYAVEJCHEWIN S,et al.The Importance of Demographic Niches to Tree Diversity[J].Science,2006,313(5783):98-101.
[12]郭晓燕,付立,张露,等.林地土壤及其真菌对毛红椿种子发芽及幼苗保存的影响[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(5):871-877.
[13]康冰,刘世荣,蔡道雄,等.马尾松人工林林分密度对林下植被及土壤性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(10):2323-2331.
[14]LIU Y,YU S,XIE Z P,et al.Analysis of a negative plant-soil feedback in a subtropical monsoon forest[J].Journal of Ecology,2012,100(4):1019-1028.
[15]GóMEZ-Aparicio L,DOMíNGUEZ-BEGINES J,KARDOL P,et al.Plant-soil feedbacks in declining forests:implications for species coexistence[J].Ecology,2017,[16]KRONZUCKER H J,SIDDIQI M Y,GLASS A D M.Conifer root discrimination against soil nitrate and the ecology of forest succession[J].Nature,1997,385(6611):59-61.
[17]王国森.人工促进天然更新的技术措施[J].安徽农学通报,2014(16):99-101.
[18]于守龙.辽西地区人工促进森林天然更新的探讨[J].辽宁林业科技,2015(6):62-63.
[19]阿日根,刘洋,格日乐高娃,等.大兴安岭3种主要林型兴安落叶松土壤种子库与天然更新[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(10):66-70.
[20]农友,卢立华,孙冬婧,等.岩溶石山降香黄檀人工林的天然更新[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(3):63-68.
[21]向玮,雷相东,洪玲霞,等.落叶松云冷杉林矩阵生长模型及多目标经营模拟[J].林业科学,2011,47(6):77-87.
[22]姚彦文,张志环,倪柏春,等.青海云杉的引种栽培[J].林业科技通讯,2004(5):24.
[23]宋绍军,崔崧,王承义.光照条件对绿化树种青海云杉引种的影响[J].中国林副特产,2011(2):24-25.
[24]商士达殷鸣放,吴春雷,等.落叶松林内4种栽培幼树的光合特性[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(7):36-38.
[25]殷鸣放,刘大卫,杨森,等.辽东山区落叶松人工纯林诱导复层林更新试验[J].林业工程学报,2008,22(3):14-17.
[26]殷鸣放,杨森,陈晓非,等.辽东山区落叶松人工纯林下云杉更新研究[J].林业实用技术,2008(5):6-8.
[27]张芸香,李海波,郭晋平.华北落叶松和云杉幼苗生长对氮素浓度响应的差异[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(2):26-29.
[28]张彦雷,康峰峰,韩海荣,等.太岳山油松人工林冠下光环境特征与冠层结构[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(2):169-174.
[29]靳甜甜,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.不同坡位沙棘光合日变化及其主要环境因子[J].生态学报,2011,31(7):1783-1793.
[30]李芳兰,包维楷,庞学勇,等.岷江干旱河谷5种乡土植物的出苗、存活和生长[J].生态学报,2009,29(5):2219-2230.
[31]赵万里.云杉地理种源苗期试验初报[J].新疆农业科学,2002,39(6):323-326.
[32]冯博,徐程扬,陈建军,等.光照对3种针叶树种幼苗生长与根系发育影响的研究[J].吉林林业科技,2016,45(1):28-32.
[33]刘帅,侯嫚嫚,廖嘉星,等.生物邻体和生境异质性共同驱动乔木幼苗存活动态[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(4):639-645.
[34]LIESE R,LüBBE T,ALBERS N W,et al.The mycorrhizal type governs root exudation and nitrogen uptake of temperate tree species[J].Tree Physiology,2017,38(1):1-13.
[35]KOHLER J,YANG N,PENA R,et al.Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity increases phosphorus uptake efficiency of European beech[J].New Phytol,2018,[36]宋涛涛,陈光水,史顺增,等.土壤增温对杉木幼苗细根呼吸和非结构性碳的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(3):705-712.
[37]BRUNNER I,HERZOG C,DAWES M A,et al.How tree roots respond to drought[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2015,6(547):547.
[38]WANG Y,DONG X,WANG H,et al.Root tip morphology,anatomy,chemistry and potential hydraulic conductivity vary with soil depth in three temperate hardwood species[J].Tree Physiology,2016,36(1):99-108.
[39]GU J,XU Y,DONG X,et al.Root diameter variations explained by anatomy and phylogeny of 50 tropical and temperate tree species[J].Tree Physiology,2014,34(4):415-425.
[40]常文静,郭大立.中国温带、亚热带和热带森林45个常见树种细根直径变异[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(6):1248-1257.
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