单一和复合乳酸菌添加剂对扁穗牛鞭草青贮品质的影响
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摘要
利用实验室前期筛出的3株耐高温乳酸菌作为添加剂,探究单一和复合乳酸菌添加剂对高温高湿地区扁穗牛鞭草青贮品质的影响,进一步筛选出最佳的乳酸菌添加配比。试验设8个处理,分别为:1)戊糖片球菌(PP04);2)食窦魏斯氏菌(WC10);3)植物乳杆菌(LP694);4)M-1(PP04∶WC10=2∶1);5)M-2(PP04∶LP694=1∶2);6)M-3(WC10∶LP694=2∶1);7)M-4(PP04∶WC10∶LP694=2∶1∶1);8)CK(对照,无乳酸菌添加)。青贮60 d后,测定其发酵品质、营养成分及微生物组成,结果表明:1)处理组的NH_3-N/TN显著低于对照组(P<0.05);2)处理组的乳酸、干物质含量和干物质回收率都显著高于对照组(P<0.05);3)处理组的pH值都小于4.2,其中,M-4处理组的pH值最低,为3.86;4)M-4处理组的微生物菌群组成和感官品质优于其他处理,乳酸含量最高,NH_3-N/TN最低。因此,在扁穗牛鞭草青贮中添加单一或者复合乳酸菌均有利于调制出优质的扁穗牛鞭草青贮饲料,3种乳酸菌复合添加的M-4处理组改善青贮饲料的青贮品质的效果最佳,在生产实践中具有推广利用的潜质。
In order to improve the silage quality of Hemarthria compressa in hot and humid areas, three selected lactic acid bacteria strains [Pediococcus pentosaceus(PP04), Weissella cibaria(WC10) and Lactobacillus plantarum(LP694)] were used as single or multiple additives during H. compressa silage preparation. The treatments tested were as follows: 1) PP04(Pediococcus pentosaceus); 2) WC10(Weissella cibaria); 3) LP694(Lactobacillus plantarum); 4) M-1 [PP04(Pediococcus pentosaceus)∶WC10(Weissella cibaria)=2∶1]; 5) M-2 [PP04(Pediococcus pentosaceus)∶LP694(Lactobacillus plantarum)=1∶2]; 6) M-3 [WC10(Weissella cibaria)∶LP694(Lactobacillus plantarum)=2∶1]; 7) M-4 [PP04(Pediococcus pentosaceus)∶WC10(Weissella cibaria)∶LP694(Lactobacillus plantarum)=2∶1∶1]; 8) CK(uninoculated control). The ratio of NH_3-N/TN in the inoculant treated groups was significantly lower than in the control group(P<0.05), while lactic acid bacteria(LAB) treated silages had higher lactic acid content, dry matter content and recovery of dry matter than the uninoculated control(P<0.05). The pH value of all treated groups was less than 4.2, and the lowest pH value(3.86) was observed in the M-4 treatment formulation. Furthermore, the M-4 treatment group had the highest lactic acid content and lowest NH_3-N/TN ratio(P<0.05). Generally, inoculation with one or multiple strains of lactic acid bacteria was beneficial and enhanced the quality of H. compressa silage. The optimal formulation among those tested, for preparing H. compressa silage, was M-4(PP04∶WC10∶LP694=2∶1∶1).
In order to improve the silage quality of Hemarthria compressa in hot and humid areas, three selected lactic acid bacteria strains [Pediococcus pentosaceus(PP04), Weissella cibaria(WC10) and Lactobacillus plantarum(LP694)] were used as single or multiple additives during H. compressa silage preparation. The treatments tested were as follows: 1) PP04(Pediococcus pentosaceus); 2) WC10(Weissella cibaria); 3) LP694(Lactobacillus plantarum); 4) M-1 [PP04(Pediococcus pentosaceus)∶WC10(Weissella cibaria)=2∶1]; 5) M-2 [PP04(Pediococcus pentosaceus)∶LP694(Lactobacillus plantarum)=1∶2]; 6) M-3 [WC10(Weissella cibaria)∶LP694(Lactobacillus plantarum)=2∶1]; 7) M-4 [PP04(Pediococcus pentosaceus)∶WC10(Weissella cibaria)∶LP694(Lactobacillus plantarum)=2∶1∶1]; 8) CK(uninoculated control). The ratio of NH_3-N/TN in the inoculant treated groups was significantly lower than in the control group(P<0.05), while lactic acid bacteria(LAB) treated silages had higher lactic acid content, dry matter content and recovery of dry matter than the uninoculated control(P<0.05). The pH value of all treated groups was less than 4.2, and the lowest pH value(3.86) was observed in the M-4 treatment formulation. Furthermore, the M-4 treatment group had the highest lactic acid content and lowest NH_3-N/TN ratio(P<0.05). Generally, inoculation with one or multiple strains of lactic acid bacteria was beneficial and enhanced the quality of H. compressa silage. The optimal formulation among those tested, for preparing H. compressa silage, was M-4(PP04∶WC10∶LP694=2∶1∶1).
引文
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[2]Shu S M.Study on the forage supply system of Hemarthria compressa grassland in winter and spring.Ya’an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2012.舒思敏.扁穗牛鞭草草地冬春季饲草供应系统研究.雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[3]Shu S M,Yang C H,Tang Z S,et al.Effects of lactic bacteria as additives on the quality of whipgrass(Hemarthria compressa)silage.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2011,33(5):67-71.舒思敏,杨春华,唐智松,等.乳酸菌添加剂对扁穗牛鞭草青贮品质的影响.中国草地学报,2011,33(5):67-71.
[4]Yahaya M S,Goto M,Yimiti W,et al.Evaluation of fermentation quality of a tropical and temperate forage crops ensiled with additives of fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria(FJLB).Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2004,17(7):942-946.
[5]Cai Y,Benno Y,Ogawa M,et al.Influence of Lactobacillus spp.from an inoculant and of Weissella and Leuconostoc spp.from forage,crops on silage fermentation.Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1998,64(8):2982-2987.
[6]Zhang Q,Li X J,Zhao M M,et al.Isolating and evaluating lactic acid bacteria strains for effectiveness of Leymus chinensis silage fermentation.Letters in Applied Microbiology,2014,59(4):391-397.
[7]Ando S,Ishida M,Oshio S,et al.Effects of isolated and commercial lactic acid bacteria on the silage quality,digestibility,voluntary intake and ruminal fluid characteristics.Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2006,19(19):386-389.
[8]Guan W T,Ashbell G,Hen Y,et al.The effect of microbial inoculants applied at ensiling on sorghum silage characteristics and aerobic stability.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2002,35(11):1401-1405.管武太,Ashbell G,Hen Y,等.微生物添加剂对青贮高粱发酵品质和稳定性的影响.中国农业科学,2002,35(11):1401-1405.
[9]vila C L da S,Valeriano A R,Pinto J C,et al.Chemical and microbiological characteristics of sugar cane silages treated with microbial inoculants.Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia,2010,39(1):25-32.
[10]Zhang Q,Yu Z.Characterization,identification,and application of lactic acid bacteria isolated fromLeymus chinensis silage.Grassland Science,2017,63(2):111-117.
[11]Filya I.The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus plantarumon the fermentation,aerobic stability,and ruminal degradability of low dry matter corn and sorghum silages.Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(11):3575-3581.
[12]Arriola K G,Kim S C,Adesogan A T.Effect of applying inoculants with heterolactic or homolactic and heterolactic bacteria on the fermentation and quality of corn silage.Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(3):1511-1516.
[13]Cai Y M,Kumai S,Fukumi R.Effects of inoculation of lactic acid bacteria on the recovery of dry matter,distribution of isomers of lactic acid and nutritive value in silage.Society of Grassland Science,1992,37:428-434.
[14]Liang X Y,Ji Y,Yi J,et al.Effects of mixing ratio and additives on ensilage efficiency of mixed chicory and silage maize.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,27(2):173-181.梁小玉,季杨,易军,等.混合比例和添加剂对菊苣与青贮玉米混合青贮品质的影响.草业学报,2018,27(2):173-181.
[15]Broderick G A,Kang J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media.Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(1):64-75.
[16]AOAC.Official methods of analysis.Artington,Virginia,USA:Association of Official Analytical Chemists,1990.
[17]Wang L S,Qi Y L,Chen F,et al.Effects of different additives on quality and nutritional value of bamboo shoots silage.Acta Pratacultura Sinica,2013,22(5):326-332.王力生,齐永玲,陈芳,等.不同添加剂对笋壳青贮品质和营养价值的影响.草业学报,2013,22(5):326-332.
[18]Hou X D,Jia Y S,Bao J,et al.Additives on natural grass silage quality and in vitro digestion the influence of the research.Prairie and Prataculture,2017,29(4):49-55.侯鑫狄,贾玉山,包健,等.添加甲酸、乳酸菌对典型草原牧草青贮品质的影响研究.草原与草业,2017,29(4):49-55.
[19]Liu Z,Li S L,Yu X,et al.Effects of silage additives on aerobic stability of whole corn silage.Chinese Dairy Cows,2012,(20):26-29.刘祯,李胜利,余雄,等.青贮添加剂对全株玉米青贮有氧稳定性的影响.中国奶牛,2012,(20):26-29.
[20]Mcdonald P,Henderson A R,Heron S J E.The biochemistry of silage.Second Edition.Marlow,UK:Chalcombe Publications,1991.
[21]Tao Y,Li F,Gao F Q,et al.Fermentation quality and microbial characteristics of Amaranthus hypochondriacuscorn mixed silage.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(12):119-129.陶雅,李峰,高凤芹,等.籽粒苋与青贮玉米混贮品质及微生物特性研究.草业学报,2016,25(12):119-129.
[22]Xu N X,Ding C L,Gu H R,et al.Studies of rice straw,elephant grass and hybrid pennisetum silage.Acta Agrestic Sinica,2011,19(1):142-146.许能祥,丁成龙,顾洪如,等.稻秸、象草和杂交狼尾草青贮的研究.草地学报,2011,19(1):142-146.
[23]Kung L,Shaver R D,Grant R J,et al.Silage review:Interpretation of chemical,microbial,and organoleptic components of silages.Journal of Dairy Science,2018,101(5):4020-4033.
[24]Jiang S S,Jin L N,Jing S Y,et al.Effect of herbal medicine residues addition on the sensory evaluation,fermentation quality,and nutritional composition of whole corn silage.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(9):1947-1954.蒋苏苏,金丽娜,敬淑燕,等.添加中药渣对全株玉米青贮感官和发酵品质及营养成分的影响.草业科学,2017,34(9):1947-1954.
[25]Hou J J,Bai C S,Zhang Q,et al.Effects of different addictive amount of single and multiple lactic acid bacteria on the silage quality and protein fraction of alfalfa.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(10):2119-2125.侯建建,白春生,张庆,等.单一和复合乳酸菌添加水平对苜蓿青贮营养品质及蛋白组分的影响.草业科学,2016,33(10):2119-2125.
[26]Wang Q,Yu C Q,Li Z H,et al.Effect of adding coenzyme and lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality of mixed silages of tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea)and common vetch(Vicia sativa)in Tibet.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(4):186-191.王奇,余成群,李志华,等.添加酶和乳酸菌制剂对西藏苇状羊茅和箭筈豌豆混合青贮发酵品质的影响.草业学报,2012,21(4):186-191.
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