四川省471例故意杀人案特征回顾性分析
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摘要
目的了解四川地区故意杀人案案件伤害流行病学及法医学特征。方法采用流行病学方法对在中国裁判文书网收集到的四川省471例故意杀人案(2012年～2016年)进行回顾性分析。结果加害者和受害者均是男性多于女性,且男女性别比例加害者(9.29:1)明显高于受害者(1.21:1)。加害者及受害者均是18～44岁人群最多。加害者以汉族、本地区、已婚、小学和初中文化、农民或无业人员为主。晚上、周末、夏季的案件数目最多。案发场所多在室内(53.08%),以私人住宅最多。熟人(73%)作案居多,犯罪动机前三分别为琐事(口角)纠纷、家庭矛盾及感情纠纷。损伤类型以开放性损伤最多见(66.43%),包括刺、切、砍创及挫裂创,最常累及的部位是头面部(92.78%),其次是颈项部和上肢及肩部。损伤器官以颅脑最多见,其次为全身各处重要血管。排名前三的作案工具为锐器、钝器、绳索及其类似物,火器仅有12(2.55%)例。最常见的作案工具为菜刀、水果刀、棍棒、砖石类及各类锤子,以菜刀居首位。根本死因多为机械性损伤,直接死因以急性失血性休克及颅脑损伤最多。本次研究中还包含了少量精神病人及吸毒人员作案,同时还对加害者犯罪后行为进行了分析。结论本地区故意杀人案在涉案人员特征、案发时间与场所、犯罪动机、损伤情况、作案工具、死亡原因等多方面有一定的特点,可供相关部门预防打击这类犯罪及制定相关政策时参考。
Objective To understand the epidemiological and forensic characteristics of social medical injuries in intentional homicide cases in Sichuan. Methods The data of 471 intentional homicide cases in Sichuan from 2012 to 2016 have been collected and analyzed. Results The majority of the perpetrators and victims was male, aged 18-44 years old. The male-female ratio of perpetrator(9.29:1) was higher than of victim(1.21:1). Most of the perpetrators were Han ethnicity, local, married, primary or secondary school educational level, and living as farmer or even unemployed. The majority of the cases were conducted in Summer, on weekends and in evenings. The most frequent criminal scene was indoor(53.08%), especially in private residence. Most cases were happened amongst acquaintances(73%), including family members. The most often motivatioins are trivial(argument) disputes, family contradictions and emotional entanglement. Open injury(66.43%), including stab wound, chop wound, cut wound and bruised laceration, was the most common damaged type. The most commonly damaged parts of body are heads and faces(92.78%), followed by necks, upper limb and shoulders. The most commonly involved organ is brain, followed by the vital arteries and veins(VAV) throughout the whole body. The most often used weapons were sharp instrument, blunt instrument, rope and its analogues, whereas with only 12(2.55%) fi rearms. The most frequent underlying cause of death was mechanical injury, and the commonly direct cause of death was acute hemorrhagic shock and craniocerebral injury. Conclusion Intentional homicide in this region has certain characteristics in terms of demographic characteristics, place and time of commitment, motivation, injury, crime tools, and cause of death, which could be valuable for authorities to prevent and combat such crimes and formulate relevant policies in the future.
Objective To understand the epidemiological and forensic characteristics of social medical injuries in intentional homicide cases in Sichuan. Methods The data of 471 intentional homicide cases in Sichuan from 2012 to 2016 have been collected and analyzed. Results The majority of the perpetrators and victims was male, aged 18-44 years old. The male-female ratio of perpetrator(9.29:1) was higher than of victim(1.21:1). Most of the perpetrators were Han ethnicity, local, married, primary or secondary school educational level, and living as farmer or even unemployed. The majority of the cases were conducted in Summer, on weekends and in evenings. The most frequent criminal scene was indoor(53.08%), especially in private residence. Most cases were happened amongst acquaintances(73%), including family members. The most often motivatioins are trivial(argument) disputes, family contradictions and emotional entanglement. Open injury(66.43%), including stab wound, chop wound, cut wound and bruised laceration, was the most common damaged type. The most commonly damaged parts of body are heads and faces(92.78%), followed by necks, upper limb and shoulders. The most commonly involved organ is brain, followed by the vital arteries and veins(VAV) throughout the whole body. The most often used weapons were sharp instrument, blunt instrument, rope and its analogues, whereas with only 12(2.55%) fi rearms. The most frequent underlying cause of death was mechanical injury, and the commonly direct cause of death was acute hemorrhagic shock and craniocerebral injury. Conclusion Intentional homicide in this region has certain characteristics in terms of demographic characteristics, place and time of commitment, motivation, injury, crime tools, and cause of death, which could be valuable for authorities to prevent and combat such crimes and formulate relevant policies in the future.
引文
[1]世界卫生组织,联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室,联合国开发计划署.2014年全球预防暴力状况报告.
[2]秦新潮,吴晓华,马社教.2007-2016年陕西省渭南市某区193例命案的法医学分析[J].复旦学报(医学版),2017(B11):53-56.
[3]屈国强,张济江,金玉峰,等.138起他杀致死案的法医学分析[J].中国法医学杂志,2014,29(4):381-383.
[4]高冬,朱金龙.苏州市483起已破命案的法医学回顾分析[J].法医学杂志,2013,29(1):31-33.
[5]吴坤兴,曾江海,李慧敏,等.146例他杀尸检资料法医学分析[J].中国法医学杂志,2012,27(3):241-242.
[6]丁煜炜,孙婷怡,梁曼,等.常州市武进区5年94例已破命案的回顾性研究[J].刑事技术,2012(2):26-29.
[7]王光杰,精神病人杀人案件的特点及侦查对策.法制与社会,2015(32):68-69.
[8]张兴慧.论犯罪动机与犯罪行为的相互关系[J].中国商界(下半月),2010(1):289-290.
[9]丛斌.法医病理学[M].人民卫生出版社,2016.
[10]钟武魁,周旭科.杀人案中犯罪嫌疑人处理现场行为分析[J].刑事技术,2015,40(6):474-476.
[11]Cros J,Alvarez J C,Sbidian E,et al.Homicidal deaths in the Western suburbs of Paris:a 15-year-study[J].Am JForensic Med Pathol,2012,33(4):404-409.
[12]Brown J,Hughes N S,Mcglen M C,et al.Misrepresentation of UK homicide characteristics in popular cultureJournal of Forensic and Legal Medicine[J].Journal of Forensic&Legal Medicine,2014,23(2):62-64.
[13]Kristoffersen S,Lilleng P K,B.O.M?hle,et al.Homicides in Western Norway,1985-2009,time trends,age and gender differences[J].Forensic Science International,2014,238(5):1-8.
[14]Koning E D,Piette M H.A retrospective study of murder-suicide at the Forensic Institute of Ghent University,Belgium:1935-2010[J].Medicine Science&the Law,2014,54(2):88.
[15]Banwari M.Twenty-three years(1993-2015)of homicide trends in the Transkei region of South Africa.[J].Medicine Science&the Law,2018,58(1):47.
[16]Sakulsaengprapha V,Peonim V,Worasuwannarak W.Trends of homicidal deaths in central Bangkok,Thailand:a 5-year retrospective study[J].Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences,2018,8(1):14.
[17]陈鹏,金建伟,田涛.女性参与杀人案件的法医学分析[J].刑事技术,2011(3):56-57.
[18]Schmidt P H,Padosch S A,Rothschild M A,et al.Forensic case profi ling aspects on multiple homicides from the Cologne-Bonn metropolitan area 1985-2000.[J].Forensic Science International,2005,153(2):168-173.
[19]Ambade V N,Godbole H V,Kukde H G.Suicidal and homicidal deaths:a comparative and circumstantial approach.[J].Journal of Forensic&Legal Medicine,2007,14(5):253-260.
[20]Panczak R,Zwahlen M,Spoerri A,et al.Incidence and Risk Factors of Homicide-Suicide in Swiss Households:National Cohort Study[J].Plos One,2013,8(1):e53714.
[21]严红涛,曾晓锋,杨明芳,et al.95例他杀死亡案件的流行趋势分析[J].昆明医科大学学报,2008,29(z1):29-32.
[22]Michel S J,Wang H,Selvarajah S,et al.Investigating the relationship between weather and violence in Baltimore,Maryland,USA[J].Injury-international Journal of the Care of the Injured,2016,47(1):272-276.
[23]Khelil M B,Farhani F,Harzallah H,et al.Patterns of homicide in North Tunisia:a 10-year study(2005-2014)[J].Injury Prevention,2017:injuryprev-2016-042123.
[24]Verzeletti A,Russo M C,Bin P,et al.Homicide in Brescia County(Northern Italy):A thirty-year review[J].Journal of Forensic&Legal Medicine,2014,22(1):84-89.
[25]Mohanty M K,Kumar T S M,Mohanram A,et al.Victims of homicidal deaths-An analysis of variables[J].Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine,2005,12(6):302-304.
[26]Lemard G,Hemenway D.Violence in Jamaica:an analysis of homicides 1998-2002[J].Inj Prev,2006,12(1):15-18.
[27]Cardona M,García HI,Giraldo CA,López MV,Suárez CM,Corcho DC,Posada CH,Flórez MN.Homicides in Medellín,Colombia,from 1990 to 2002:victims,motives and circumstances.Cad Saude Pub 2005;21(3):840-51.
[28]Karch D L,Dahlberg L L,Patel N,et al.Surveillance for Violent Deaths-National Violent Death Reporting System,16 States,2006[J].Morbidity&Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries,2010,59(SS-4):1-50.
[29]Verzeletti A,Astorri P,De F F.Firearm-related deaths in Brescia(Northern Italy)between 1994 and 2006:a retrospective study.[J].Journal of Forensic&Legal Medicine,2009,16(6):325-331.
[30]杨晓敏,马金芸,郑瞻培.精神活性物质所致精神障碍及刑事责任能力评定问题[J].上海精神医学,2007,19(6):375-377.
[2]秦新潮,吴晓华,马社教.2007-2016年陕西省渭南市某区193例命案的法医学分析[J].复旦学报(医学版),2017(B11):53-56.
[3]屈国强,张济江,金玉峰,等.138起他杀致死案的法医学分析[J].中国法医学杂志,2014,29(4):381-383.
[4]高冬,朱金龙.苏州市483起已破命案的法医学回顾分析[J].法医学杂志,2013,29(1):31-33.
[5]吴坤兴,曾江海,李慧敏,等.146例他杀尸检资料法医学分析[J].中国法医学杂志,2012,27(3):241-242.
[6]丁煜炜,孙婷怡,梁曼,等.常州市武进区5年94例已破命案的回顾性研究[J].刑事技术,2012(2):26-29.
[7]王光杰,精神病人杀人案件的特点及侦查对策.法制与社会,2015(32):68-69.
[8]张兴慧.论犯罪动机与犯罪行为的相互关系[J].中国商界(下半月),2010(1):289-290.
[9]丛斌.法医病理学[M].人民卫生出版社,2016.
[10]钟武魁,周旭科.杀人案中犯罪嫌疑人处理现场行为分析[J].刑事技术,2015,40(6):474-476.
[11]Cros J,Alvarez J C,Sbidian E,et al.Homicidal deaths in the Western suburbs of Paris:a 15-year-study[J].Am JForensic Med Pathol,2012,33(4):404-409.
[12]Brown J,Hughes N S,Mcglen M C,et al.Misrepresentation of UK homicide characteristics in popular cultureJournal of Forensic and Legal Medicine[J].Journal of Forensic&Legal Medicine,2014,23(2):62-64.
[13]Kristoffersen S,Lilleng P K,B.O.M?hle,et al.Homicides in Western Norway,1985-2009,time trends,age and gender differences[J].Forensic Science International,2014,238(5):1-8.
[14]Koning E D,Piette M H.A retrospective study of murder-suicide at the Forensic Institute of Ghent University,Belgium:1935-2010[J].Medicine Science&the Law,2014,54(2):88.
[15]Banwari M.Twenty-three years(1993-2015)of homicide trends in the Transkei region of South Africa.[J].Medicine Science&the Law,2018,58(1):47.
[16]Sakulsaengprapha V,Peonim V,Worasuwannarak W.Trends of homicidal deaths in central Bangkok,Thailand:a 5-year retrospective study[J].Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences,2018,8(1):14.
[17]陈鹏,金建伟,田涛.女性参与杀人案件的法医学分析[J].刑事技术,2011(3):56-57.
[18]Schmidt P H,Padosch S A,Rothschild M A,et al.Forensic case profi ling aspects on multiple homicides from the Cologne-Bonn metropolitan area 1985-2000.[J].Forensic Science International,2005,153(2):168-173.
[19]Ambade V N,Godbole H V,Kukde H G.Suicidal and homicidal deaths:a comparative and circumstantial approach.[J].Journal of Forensic&Legal Medicine,2007,14(5):253-260.
[20]Panczak R,Zwahlen M,Spoerri A,et al.Incidence and Risk Factors of Homicide-Suicide in Swiss Households:National Cohort Study[J].Plos One,2013,8(1):e53714.
[21]严红涛,曾晓锋,杨明芳,et al.95例他杀死亡案件的流行趋势分析[J].昆明医科大学学报,2008,29(z1):29-32.
[22]Michel S J,Wang H,Selvarajah S,et al.Investigating the relationship between weather and violence in Baltimore,Maryland,USA[J].Injury-international Journal of the Care of the Injured,2016,47(1):272-276.
[23]Khelil M B,Farhani F,Harzallah H,et al.Patterns of homicide in North Tunisia:a 10-year study(2005-2014)[J].Injury Prevention,2017:injuryprev-2016-042123.
[24]Verzeletti A,Russo M C,Bin P,et al.Homicide in Brescia County(Northern Italy):A thirty-year review[J].Journal of Forensic&Legal Medicine,2014,22(1):84-89.
[25]Mohanty M K,Kumar T S M,Mohanram A,et al.Victims of homicidal deaths-An analysis of variables[J].Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine,2005,12(6):302-304.
[26]Lemard G,Hemenway D.Violence in Jamaica:an analysis of homicides 1998-2002[J].Inj Prev,2006,12(1):15-18.
[27]Cardona M,García HI,Giraldo CA,López MV,Suárez CM,Corcho DC,Posada CH,Flórez MN.Homicides in Medellín,Colombia,from 1990 to 2002:victims,motives and circumstances.Cad Saude Pub 2005;21(3):840-51.
[28]Karch D L,Dahlberg L L,Patel N,et al.Surveillance for Violent Deaths-National Violent Death Reporting System,16 States,2006[J].Morbidity&Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries,2010,59(SS-4):1-50.
[29]Verzeletti A,Astorri P,De F F.Firearm-related deaths in Brescia(Northern Italy)between 1994 and 2006:a retrospective study.[J].Journal of Forensic&Legal Medicine,2009,16(6):325-331.
[30]杨晓敏,马金芸,郑瞻培.精神活性物质所致精神障碍及刑事责任能力评定问题[J].上海精神医学,2007,19(6):375-377.
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