尾矿库溃坝泥石流运动过程试验研究
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摘要
地形是影响尾矿库溃后泥石流演进的重要边界条件,以某尾矿库为背景,开展堆(溃)坝模型试验,探索在山地复杂地形条件下尾矿库溃后泥石流的演进规律。结果表明:溃后泥石流的淹没高度和流速随溃坝时间的变化整体表现为"前期缓慢增长及后期的高速增减,且随着演进距离的增加,淹没高度和流速都明显降低;沟谷弯道至与河道汇合处的淹没高度大于坝址及下游,且出现最大淹没峰值;在沟谷弯道处出现"爬高"和"涡流反射"现象,造成两岸淹没高度差值很大,而在沟谷与河道的连接处,泥石流冲出沟谷淤堵河道;上游沟谷和河道的流速明显大于下游,最大峰值流速出现在沟谷弯道及沟谷和河道连接处。
A physical model experiment of a dam break is conducted to explore the evolution rules of the debris flow after the tailings dam break under the complex terrain condition of the mountain area. Results show that the submerged height of the debris flow is characterized by "slow growth" in early stage and "high speed increase and decrease" in the late stage. the junction between the valley and the river is greater than that of the dam site and downstream, and the maximum submergence peak also occurs at the valley bend. At the bend of the valley, the height difference between the two banks of the gully is very large. In the connection between the valley and the river, the debris flows spread out of the gully and depositing up the channel. Next, the velocity of debris flow shows growth slowly in early stage, and high speed increase and decrease in later stage. The flow velocity in the valley and the river is obviously greater than that in the downstream. A maximum peak velocity appears in the valley bend and the junction between the valley and the river.
A physical model experiment of a dam break is conducted to explore the evolution rules of the debris flow after the tailings dam break under the complex terrain condition of the mountain area. Results show that the submerged height of the debris flow is characterized by "slow growth" in early stage and "high speed increase and decrease" in the late stage. the junction between the valley and the river is greater than that of the dam site and downstream, and the maximum submergence peak also occurs at the valley bend. At the bend of the valley, the height difference between the two banks of the gully is very large. In the connection between the valley and the river, the debris flows spread out of the gully and depositing up the channel. Next, the velocity of debris flow shows growth slowly in early stage, and high speed increase and decrease in later stage. The flow velocity in the valley and the river is obviously greater than that in the downstream. A maximum peak velocity appears in the valley bend and the junction between the valley and the river.
引文
[1] 张力霆.尾矿库溃坝研究综述[J].水利学报,2013,44(5):594-600.
[2] 于广明,宋传旺,潘永战,等.尾矿库安全研究的国外新进展及我国的现状和发展态势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S1):3238-3248.
[3] 门永生,柴建设.我国尾矿库安全现状及事故防治措施[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2009,5(1):48-52.
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[11] Zhang J, Guo Z, Cao S, et al. Experimental study on scour and erosion of blocked dam [J]. Water Science and Engineering, 2012, 5(2): 219-229.
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[13] 魏勇,许开立,熊琳,等.尾矿溃坝砂流流动特性及规律模型试验研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(4):122-126.
[14] 皇甫凯龙,廖文景,孙志辉,等.尾矿坝溃决砂流数值模拟研究及应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(8):171-176.
[15] 张东明,郑彬彬,尹光志,等.高浓缩分级尾矿上游法堆坝及模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(7):1832-1838+1867.
[16] 邓曌,陈生水,钟启明.尾矿库漫顶溃坝数学模型研究与应用[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(5):932-938.
[17] 刘翠容,姚令侃,陈春光,等.基于水沙动力过程的泥石流阻塞大河模式及判据研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(S2):122-127.
[18] 刘翠容,姚令侃,陈春光,等.基于水沙动力过程的泥石流阻塞大河模式及判据研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(S2):122-127.
[19] 王洋,崔鹏,王兆印,等.泥石流龙头的形成及特征研究[J].水利学报,2017,48(4):473-479.
[2] 于广明,宋传旺,潘永战,等.尾矿库安全研究的国外新进展及我国的现状和发展态势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S1):3238-3248.
[3] 门永生,柴建设.我国尾矿库安全现状及事故防治措施[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2009,5(1):48-52.
[4] Hassan M, Morris M, Hason G, et al. Breach formation: laboratory and numerical modeling of breach formation [C]. ASDSO`s 21st Annual Conference. Pointe South Mountain Resort, Arizona, 2004:1321—1337.
[5] Sun Enji, Zhang Xingkai, Li Zhongxue, et al. Tailings dam flood overtopping failure evolution pattern [J]. Procedia Engineering, 2012, 28(8): 356-362.
[6] Yang Yang, Cao Shuyou, Yang Kejun, et al.Experimental study of breach process of landslide dams by overtopping and its initiation mechanisms [J] Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2015, 27(6): 872-883.
[7] 刘磊,张红武,钟德钰,等.尾矿库漫顶溃坝模型研究[J].水利学报,2014,45(6):675-681.
[8] 赵天龙,陈生水,钟启明.尾矿库溃决机理与溃坝过程研究进展[J].水利水运工程学报,2015(1):105-111.
[9] Rico M, Benito G, Diez-Herrero A. Floods from tailings dam failures [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 154(1): 79-87.
[10] 尹光志,敬小非,魏作安,等.尾矿库溃坝相似模拟实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29 (S2):3830-3838.
[11] Zhang J, Guo Z, Cao S, et al. Experimental study on scour and erosion of blocked dam [J]. Water Science and Engineering, 2012, 5(2): 219-229.
[12] 敬小非,尹光志,魏作安,等.基于不同溃口形态的尾矿库溃决泥浆流动特性实验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33 (3):745-752.
[13] 魏勇,许开立,熊琳,等.尾矿溃坝砂流流动特性及规律模型试验研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(4):122-126.
[14] 皇甫凯龙,廖文景,孙志辉,等.尾矿坝溃决砂流数值模拟研究及应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(8):171-176.
[15] 张东明,郑彬彬,尹光志,等.高浓缩分级尾矿上游法堆坝及模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(7):1832-1838+1867.
[16] 邓曌,陈生水,钟启明.尾矿库漫顶溃坝数学模型研究与应用[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(5):932-938.
[17] 刘翠容,姚令侃,陈春光,等.基于水沙动力过程的泥石流阻塞大河模式及判据研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(S2):122-127.
[18] 刘翠容,姚令侃,陈春光,等.基于水沙动力过程的泥石流阻塞大河模式及判据研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(S2):122-127.
[19] 王洋,崔鹏,王兆印,等.泥石流龙头的形成及特征研究[J].水利学报,2017,48(4):473-479.
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