植物工厂水蓄能型地下水源热泵供热系统节能运行特性研究
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摘要
植物工厂供热系统中,采用传统能源存在一次能源利用率低且污染严重的问题。地下水源热泵节能环保,如果结合蓄能技术可进一步降低运行能耗。该文以上海崇明自然光植物工厂为例,对水蓄能型地下水源热泵供能系统进行节能运行特性研究。结果表明:水蓄能型地下水源热泵供能系统在冬季运行时,采用基于分时电价政策的间歇运行模式,即在电价低谷时,热泵机组边供热边蓄热;在电价高峰期,充分利用蓄热水箱供热。典型周内供能系统按照间歇模式运行可以维持室内温度17~26℃之间,系统稳定运行时,热泵机组制热功率与耗电功率的比值(coefficient of performance,COP)稳定在4.2左右。其中计算典型日水蓄能型地下水源热泵系统比不蓄能系统节省30.34%的费用,供能系统COP为3.17,进一步说明系统较为高效平稳。系统冬季运行一次能源利用系数0.99,相对于冷水机组与燃煤锅炉配套系统,节能率达到81.05%。计算不同能源冬季加热成本,燃煤、燃气和燃油方式分别是该系统运行成本的1.25、2.93和5.08倍。实践表明,水蓄能型地下水源热泵式供热系统不仅能够移峰填谷,降低运行费用,而且充分合理地利用地热能,节能减排,具有良好的经济和环保效益。
The groundwater source heat pump has high efficiency and environmental protection in greenhouse temperature control. The operating energy consumption can be further reduced if the water storage technology were combined. It was researched which energy-saving operating characteristics a water storage groundwater source heat pump heating system has in this study, taking the example of the natural light plant factory in Shanghai. The total area was 21 000 m2, of which the heating area was 5 880 m2. The heating system included a groundwater heat exchange system, a heat pump unit, an air handling unit, and an energy storage system. Considering the change in electricity price and the change in heat load over time, the operating mode of the heating system is intermittent operation. At the time of power trough, the heat pump unit was fully open and energy was stored in the tank while heating. At the peak of power, the heat pump unit was stopped and the system made full use of the hot water tank for heating. At the time of the level section, reasonable regulation was carried out according to the stored energy of the hot water storage tank and the plant heat load demanded. The typical operating week,February 8 th to 15 th in 2017,was selected from the winter heating months. The operation data of the typical week was recorded and analyzed. The outdoor temperature,the solar radiation intensity,the indoor temperature,the indoor relative humidity and the COP(ratio of heat supply to power consumption) of the heat pump were all tested every 5 minutes on the typical week. The result shows that in winter, the groundwater source heat pump with energy storage tank heating system could better maintain the indoor temperature between 17 and 26 ℃. The indoor temperature was relatively low at night, but it could meet the growth demand of the crop at winter. The influence of solar radiation was large, and the indoor temperature was basically above 22 ℃, and even reached 28 ℃. The indoor relative humidity was always between 60% and 88%, which could avoid indoor high temperature with high humidity. When the system was in stable operation, the heat pump unit COP(coefficient of performance)was about 4.2. The day of February 9 th, 2017 was selected from the typical week. On the typical day,it was cloudy and the temperature was below 4 ℃ throughout the day; the solar radiation intensity was 0-160 W/m2 and the average solar radiation intensity was 62 W/m2. The total power consumption of the system was 10 142.71 MJ, and the COP of the system was 3.17. It was further explained for the system characteristics of high efficiency and good stability. Compared with non-storage ground source heat pump system,the groundwater source heat pump with water energy storage system saved 30.34% of the cost on the typical day. The significant economic benefit of the test system was showed. During the continuous heating period in winter, for the test heating system, the primary energy utilization coefficient was 0.99. And compared with cold water unit and coal-fired boiler supporting system and chiller and gas boiler supporting system, energy saving rate were respectively 81.05% and 74.83%. Different energy heating costs were compared. For the operating cost, the coal, gas and fuel methods are 1.25, 2.93 and 5.08 times of the test heating system. And for the CO2 emission, they were 2.32, 1.19, and 0.88 times of the test heating system. Practice shows that the groundwater source heat pump with water energy storage system has good economic and environmental benefit, which can not only reduce the operating costs, but also make full use of geothermal energy and be beneficial to energy conservation.
The groundwater source heat pump has high efficiency and environmental protection in greenhouse temperature control. The operating energy consumption can be further reduced if the water storage technology were combined. It was researched which energy-saving operating characteristics a water storage groundwater source heat pump heating system has in this study, taking the example of the natural light plant factory in Shanghai. The total area was 21 000 m2, of which the heating area was 5 880 m2. The heating system included a groundwater heat exchange system, a heat pump unit, an air handling unit, and an energy storage system. Considering the change in electricity price and the change in heat load over time, the operating mode of the heating system is intermittent operation. At the time of power trough, the heat pump unit was fully open and energy was stored in the tank while heating. At the peak of power, the heat pump unit was stopped and the system made full use of the hot water tank for heating. At the time of the level section, reasonable regulation was carried out according to the stored energy of the hot water storage tank and the plant heat load demanded. The typical operating week,February 8 th to 15 th in 2017,was selected from the winter heating months. The operation data of the typical week was recorded and analyzed. The outdoor temperature,the solar radiation intensity,the indoor temperature,the indoor relative humidity and the COP(ratio of heat supply to power consumption) of the heat pump were all tested every 5 minutes on the typical week. The result shows that in winter, the groundwater source heat pump with energy storage tank heating system could better maintain the indoor temperature between 17 and 26 ℃. The indoor temperature was relatively low at night, but it could meet the growth demand of the crop at winter. The influence of solar radiation was large, and the indoor temperature was basically above 22 ℃, and even reached 28 ℃. The indoor relative humidity was always between 60% and 88%, which could avoid indoor high temperature with high humidity. When the system was in stable operation, the heat pump unit COP(coefficient of performance)was about 4.2. The day of February 9 th, 2017 was selected from the typical week. On the typical day,it was cloudy and the temperature was below 4 ℃ throughout the day; the solar radiation intensity was 0-160 W/m2 and the average solar radiation intensity was 62 W/m2. The total power consumption of the system was 10 142.71 MJ, and the COP of the system was 3.17. It was further explained for the system characteristics of high efficiency and good stability. Compared with non-storage ground source heat pump system,the groundwater source heat pump with water energy storage system saved 30.34% of the cost on the typical day. The significant economic benefit of the test system was showed. During the continuous heating period in winter, for the test heating system, the primary energy utilization coefficient was 0.99. And compared with cold water unit and coal-fired boiler supporting system and chiller and gas boiler supporting system, energy saving rate were respectively 81.05% and 74.83%. Different energy heating costs were compared. For the operating cost, the coal, gas and fuel methods are 1.25, 2.93 and 5.08 times of the test heating system. And for the CO2 emission, they were 2.32, 1.19, and 0.88 times of the test heating system. Practice shows that the groundwater source heat pump with water energy storage system has good economic and environmental benefit, which can not only reduce the operating costs, but also make full use of geothermal energy and be beneficial to energy conservation.
引文
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[2]王吉庆.水源热泵调温温室研制及试验研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2003.Wang Jiqing.Development and Experimental Study of Water Source Heat Pump Temperature Control Greenhouse[D]Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2003.
[3]Van Ooteghem R J C.Optimal Control Design for a Solar Greenhouse[D].Wageningen:Wageningen University,2007
[4]Chai L,Ma C,Ni J.Performance evaluation of ground source heat pump system for greenhouse heating in northern China[J].Biosystems Engineering,2012,111(1):107-117.
[5]王吉庆,张百良.水源热泵在温室加温中的应用研究[J]中国农学通报,2005,21(6):415-419.Wang Jiqing,Zhang Bailiang.Experiment of water hea pump in greenhouse heating[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2005,21(6):415-419.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]Andrew Chiasson,Design P E.Installation of a new down hole heat exchanger for direct use space heating[R].Ghc Bulletin,2005:20-24.
[7]方慧,杨其长,王柟,等.浅层地热源节能技术及其在设施农业中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(10):286-290Fang Hui,Yang Qichang,Wang Nan,et al.Geothermal technology and its applications in protected agriculture[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of CSAE),2008,24(10):286-290.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]田丰果,贺荣,孙铁方,等.水源热泵在温室大棚温度调节中的应用[J].北方园艺,2008(12):91-93.Tian Fengguo,He Rong,Sun Tiefang,et al.Water source heat pump applied to thermoregulation of greenhouse[J].Northern Horticulture,2008(12):91-93.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]方慧,杨其长,孙骥.地源热泵-地板散热系统在温室冬季供暖中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(12):145-149.Fang Hui,Yang Qichang,Sun Ji.Application of ground-source heat pump and floor heating system to greenhouse heating in winter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of CSAE),2008,24(12):145-149.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]柴立龙,马承伟,张晓蕙,等.地源热泵温室降温系统的试验研究与性能分析[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(12):150-154.Chai Lilong,Ma Chengwei,Zhang Xiaohui,et al.Experimental investigation and performance analysis on ground source heat pump system for greenhouse cooling[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2008,24(12):150-154.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]赵建成,张海涛,安爱明,等.地下水地源热泵与水蓄能设计实例的经济分析[C]//全国暖通空调制冷2006年学术年会,合肥,2006.
[12]柴立龙,马承伟,张义,等.北京地区温室地源热泵供暖能耗及经济性分析[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(3):249-254.Chai Lilong,Ma Chengwei,Zhang Yi,et al.Energy consumption and economic analysis of ground source heat pump used in greenhouse in Beijing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2010,26(3):249-254.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]曹文龙,程希.水源热泵系统在日光温室中的应用效益分析[J].农业科技与装备,2010(4):38-39.Cao Wenlong,Cheng Xi.Beneficial analysis of the application of water source heat pump in sunlight greenhouse[J].Agriculturl Science&Technology Equipment,2010(4):38-39.
[14]柴立龙,马承伟,袁小艳,等.基于Exergy研究的地源热泵降温系统性能分析[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(2):146-150.Chai Lilong,Ma Chengwei,Yuan Xiaoyan,et al.Performance analysis on ground source heat pump cooling system based on energy research[J].Transactions of The Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(2):146-150.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]Mehmet Esen,Tahsin Yuksel.Experimental evaluation of using various renewable energy sources for heating a greenhouse[J].Energy and Buildings,2013,65:340-351.
[16]柴立龙,马承伟.玻璃温室地源热泵供暖性能与碳排放分析[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(1):185-191.Chai Lilong,Ma Chengwei.Performance and carbon emission analysis on glass-covering greenhouse heating with ground source heat pump technology[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(1):185-191.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]孙维拓,张义,杨其长,等.温室主动蓄放热-热泵联合加温系统热力学分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(14):179-188.Sun Weituo,Zhang Yi,Yang Qichang,et al.Thermodynamic analysis of active heat storage-release associated with heat pump heating system in greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(14):179-188.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]Bartzanas T,Tchamitchian M,Kittas C.Influence of the heating method on greenhouse microclimate and energy consumption[J].Biosystems Engineering,2005,91(4):487-499.
[19]蔡军.基于CFD的温室水源热泵控制系统研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2010.Cai Jun.Research on Water-source Heat Pump Control System of Greenhouse based on CFD[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology,2010.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]吴曼玲,陈一飞,李琦,等.基于灰色预测的温室地源热泵系统温度变频调控及验证[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):183-187.Wu Manling,Chen Yifei,Li Qi,et al.Frequency transformation and its validation of ground source heat pump system based on grey predicti[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(16):183-187.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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