市场一体化的工业污染排放机制:长江经济带例证
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摘要
采用长江经济带2003～2015年105个城市面板数据,利用动态面板系统GMM方法探讨了市场一体化影响长江经济带工业二氧化硫、工业烟尘以及工业废水的实证结果及中间机制.研究表明:长江经济带各类工业污染物排放都具有动态累积效应以及存在路径依赖问题,市场规模加剧了工业污染排放,第三产业结构比例以及技术水平的提升则降低了各类工业污染排放水平,市场一体化存在影响各类工业污染物排放的规模、结构与技术传导路径.具体地,全样本中,市场一体化对各类工业污染排放物都具有技术中介效应,对于除工业烟尘之外的其他工业污染物排放具有市场规模中介效应,但第三产业结构中介效应不显著;分析区域异质性可知,与中下游地区相比,长江经济带上游地区市场一体化水平偏低,导致其对技术进步的促进不显著,缺乏影响各类工业污染物排放的技术中介效应,另外市场一体化对各地区工业烟尘的排放都具有一定的显著中介效应,至少能够从规模、结构以及技术进步层面找到一条显著的传导路径.本文推测,市场一体化对工业污染排放的影响可能受到了经济发展阶段、地区企业所有权属性、产业结构以及交通基础设施建设等潜在因素影响,而且工业烟尘排放量较大的行业是未来降低长江经济带工业污染排放的政策重点.
The dynamic panel system GMM method was used to make empirical analysis and explore intermediate mechanisms ofmarket integration affecting industrial sulfur dioxide, industrial soot and industrial wastewater on basis of 2003～2015 data of 105 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It is found that: all kinds of industrial pollutants in the Yangtze River Economic Belt haddynamic accumulation effects and path dependence problems; marketscaleincreased the industrial pollution emissionlevel, while thetertiary industry structure and technical level showed opposite effect, and the emissions of various industrial pollutantswereaffectedbymarket integration through theabovethree paths;market integration hadtechnical and scale intermediary effectson industrialpollutant emissions excluding industrial soot, but the structure effect wasnot significant; analysis of regional heterogeneity showedthat market integration in the upper reacheswas lower than that inthe middle and lower reaches, which led to insignificant technicalintermediate effects; at least one significantintermediate path could be found to bring aboutsignificant effect on industrial sootemission in different regions; it is speculated that such potential factors as economic development stage, regional enterpriseownership attributes, industrial structure and transportation infrastructure construction were vital external environmental factors, andthe industries with large industrial soot emissionshould be primary for pollution control.
The dynamic panel system GMM method was used to make empirical analysis and explore intermediate mechanisms ofmarket integration affecting industrial sulfur dioxide, industrial soot and industrial wastewater on basis of 2003～2015 data of 105 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It is found that: all kinds of industrial pollutants in the Yangtze River Economic Belt haddynamic accumulation effects and path dependence problems; marketscaleincreased the industrial pollution emissionlevel, while thetertiary industry structure and technical level showed opposite effect, and the emissions of various industrial pollutantswereaffectedbymarket integration through theabovethree paths;market integration hadtechnical and scale intermediary effectson industrialpollutant emissions excluding industrial soot, but the structure effect wasnot significant; analysis of regional heterogeneity showedthat market integration in the upper reacheswas lower than that inthe middle and lower reaches, which led to insignificant technicalintermediate effects; at least one significantintermediate path could be found to bring aboutsignificant effect on industrial sootemission in different regions; it is speculated that such potential factors as economic development stage, regional enterpriseownership attributes, industrial structure and transportation infrastructure construction were vital external environmental factors, andthe industries with large industrial soot emissionshould be primary for pollution control.
引文
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[26]王宋涛,温思美,朱腾腾.市场分割、资源错配与劳动收入份额[J].经济评论,2016,(1):13-25.Wang S T,Wen S M,Zhu T T.A Study on the status-seeking savings of rural households in China:Based on the perspective of the real estate wealth accumulation[J].Economic Review,2016,(1):13-25.
[27]毛其淋,盛斌.对外经济开放、区域市场整合与全要素生产率[J].经济学(季刊),2012,11(1):181-210.Mao Q L,Sheng B.Economic opening,regional market integration and total factor productivity[J].China Economic Quarterly,2012,11(1):181-210.
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[31]Parsley D C,Wei S J.Explaining the border effect:The role of exchange rate variability,shipping costs,and geography[J].Journal of International Economics,2001,55(1):87-105.
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[2]周黎安.中国地方官员的晋升锦标赛模式研究[J].经济研究,2007,(7):36-50.Zhou L A.Governing China's local officials:An analysis of promotion tournament model[J].Economic Research Journal,2007,(7):36-50.
[3]陆铭,陈钊,严冀.收益递增、发展战略与区域经济的分割[J].经济研究,2004,(1):191-191.Lu M,Chen Z,Yan J.Increasing return,development strategy and regional economic segmentation[J].Economic Research Journal,2004,(1):191-191.
[4]孙博文.市场一体化是否有助于降低污染排放?--基于长江经济带城市面板数据的实证分析[J].环境经济研究,2018,(1):37-56.Sun B W.Does market integration reduce environmental pollution?Empirical analysis based on city panel data of the Yangtze River Economic Belt[J].Journal of Environmental Economics,2018,(1):37-56.
[5]孙博文,雷明.市场分割、降成本与高质量发展:一个拓展新经济地理模型分析[J].改革,2018,(7):53-63.Sun B W,Lei M.Market segmentation,cost reductionand high quality development:an analysis of a New Economic Geography Model[J].Reform,2018,(7):53-63.
[6]贺祥民,赖永剑,聂爱云.区域一体化与地区环境污染排放收敛--基于长三角区域一体化的自然实验研究[J].软科学,2016,(3):41-45.He X M,Lai Y J,Nie A Y.Regionalintegrationand regional environmental pollution emission convergence:Based on the natural experiment of the Yangtze River Delta Regional integration[J].Soft Science,2016,(3):41-45.
[7]张翠菊,张宗益.能源禀赋与技术进步对中国碳排放强度的空间效应[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015,25(9):37-43.Zhang C J,Zhang Z Y.Spatial effects of energy resources and technology advance on China’s carbon emissionintensity[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(9):37-43.
[8]Grossman G M,Krueger A B.Environmental impacts of an North American Free Trade Agreement[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,1991,8(2):223-250.
[9]赵哲,陈建成,白羽萍,等.二氧化碳排放与经济增长关系的实证分析[J].中国环境科学,2018,38,(7):2785-2793.Zhao Z,Chen J C,Bai Y P,et al.the Empirical analysis of the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(7):2785-2793.
[10]邓玉萍,许和连.外商直接投资、地方政府竞争与环境污染--基于财政分权视角的经验研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(7):155-163.Deng Y P,Xu H L.Foreign direct investment,local government competitionand environmental pollution:Empirical analysison fiscal decentralization[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2013,23(7):155-163.
[11]Dong B,Gong J,Zhao X.FDI and environmental regulation:Pollution haven or a race to the top?[J].Journal of Regulatory Economics,2012,41(2):216-237.
[12]吴振信,谢晓晶,王书平.经济增长、产业结构对碳排放的影响分析--基于中国的省际面板数据[J].中国管理科学,2012,20(3):161-166.Wu Z X,Xie X J,Wang S P.The influence of economic development and industrial structure to carbon emission based on China's Provincial Panel Data[J].Chinese Journal of Management Science,2012,20(3):161-166.
[13]周愚,皮建才.区域市场分割与融合的环境效应:基于跨界污染的视角[J].财经科学,2013,(4):101-110.Zhou Y,Pi J C.Environmental effects on segmentationand integration of regional markets in China:from perspective of transboundary pollution[J].Finance&Economics,2013,(4):101-110.
[14]Krugman P.Increasing returns and economic geography[J].Journal of Political Economy,1991,99(3):83-499.
[15]Fujita M,Thisse J F.Economics of agglomeration:Cities,industrial location,and regional growth[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2002:25-29.
[16]陆铭,陈钊.分割市场的经济增长--为什么经济开放可能加剧地方保护?[J].经济研究,2009,(3):42-52.Lu M,Chen Z.Fragmented growth:Why economic opening may worsen domestic market segmentation[J].Economic Research Journal,2009,(3):42-52.
[17]王晓硕,宇超逸.空间集聚对中国工业污染排放强度的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37,(4):1562-1570.Wang X S,Yu C Y.Impact of spatial agglomerationon industrial pollution emissions intensity in China[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37,(4):1562-1570.
[18]Marshall A.From principles of economics[M].Readings inthe Economics ofthe Divisionof Labor:the Classical Tradition,2005:195-215.
[19]李鹏.产业结构调整与环境污染之间存在倒U型曲线关系吗?[J].经济问题探索,2015,(12):56-67.Li P.Is there An inverted U-shaped curve relationship between industrial restructuring and environmental pollution?[J].Inquiry into Economic Issues,2015,(12):56-67.
[20]李鹏.产业结构与环境污染之间倒“U”型曲线关系的检验--基于产业结构调整幅度和经济增长速度共同影响视角的分析[J].经济问题,2016,(10):21-26.Li P.Aninverted-U Curve test about industrial structure and environment pollution in view of the common influence of the industrial adjustment extent and the economic growth speed[J].On Economic Problems,2016,(10):21-26.
[21]刘安国,张克森,聂蓓,等.江苏省第二产业演进与工业三废排放关系研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37,(4):1579-1588.Liu A G,Zhang K S,Nie P,et al.Researchon relationship between emissionof industrial wastes and the growth of secondary industry in Jiangsu Province[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(4):1579-1588.
[22]余泳泽,刘凤娟.生产性服务业空间集聚对环境污染的影响[J].财经问题研究,2017,(8):23-29.Yu Y Z,Liu F J.Impact of spatial agglomeration of productive services on environmental pollution[J].Research on Financial and Economic Issues,2017,(8):23-29.
[23]付强,乔岳.政府竞争如何促进了中国经济快速增长:市场分割与经济增长关系再探讨[J].世界经济,2011,(7):43-63.Fu Q,Qiao Y.How does government competition promote China's rapid economic growth:Re-discussionon the relationship between market segmentation and economic growth[J].The Journal of World Economy,2011,(7):43-63.
[24]刘瑞明.国有企业、隐性补贴与市场分割:理论与经验证据[J].管理世界,2012,(4):21-32.Liu R M.State-owned enterprises,implicit subsidies and market segmentation:the oretical and empirical evidence[J].Management World,2012,(4):21-32.
[25]Hsieh C T,Klenow P J.Misallocation and manufacturing TFP in China and India[J].The Quarterly journal of economics,2009,124(4):1403-1448.
[26]王宋涛,温思美,朱腾腾.市场分割、资源错配与劳动收入份额[J].经济评论,2016,(1):13-25.Wang S T,Wen S M,Zhu T T.A Study on the status-seeking savings of rural households in China:Based on the perspective of the real estate wealth accumulation[J].Economic Review,2016,(1):13-25.
[27]毛其淋,盛斌.对外经济开放、区域市场整合与全要素生产率[J].经济学(季刊),2012,11(1):181-210.Mao Q L,Sheng B.Economic opening,regional market integration and total factor productivity[J].China Economic Quarterly,2012,11(1):181-210.
[28]Arellano M,Bover O.Another look at the instrumental variable estimationof error-components models[J].Journal of Econometrics,1995,68(1):29-51.
[29]Baron R M,Kenny D A.The moderator-mediator variable distinctionin social psychological research:Conceptual,strategic,and statistical considerations[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986,51(6):1173.
[30]桂琦寒,陈敏,陆铭,等.中国国内商品市场趋于分割还是整合:基于相对价格法的分析[J].世界经济,2006,(2):20-30.Gui Q H,Chen M,Lu M.Does China's domestic commodity market tends to be divided orintegrated:An Analysis Based onthe Relative Price Method[J]?the Journal of World Economy,2006,(2):20-30.
[31]Parsley D C,Wei S J.Explaining the border effect:The role of exchange rate variability,shipping costs,and geography[J].Journal of International Economics,2001,55(1):87-105.
[32]Harris C D.The market as a factorinthe localization of industry in the United States[J].Annals of the Associationof American Geographers,1954,44(4):315-348.
[33]张军,吴桂英,张吉鹏.中国省际物质资本存量估算:1952~2000[J].经济研究,2004,(10):35-44.Zhang J,Wu G Y,Zhang J P.The estimation of China’s Provincial capital stock:1952~2000[J].Economic Research Journal,2004,(10):35-44.
[34]Hall R E,Jones C I.Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others?[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(1):83-116.
[35]Coelli T J,Rao D S P,O'Donnell C J.An introduction to efficiency and productivity analysis[M].Springer Science&Business Media,2005:241-261.
[36]Farrell M J.The measurement of productive efficiency[J].Journal of the Royal Statistical Society,1957,120(3):253-290.
[37]Eskeland G S,Harrison A E.Moving to greener pastures?Multinationals and the pollution haven hypothesis[J].Journal of Development Economics,2003,70(1):1-23.
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