准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷百口泉组砾岩储层特征及其主控因素
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摘要
综合岩心观察、薄片鉴定及场发射扫描电镜、Quemscan软件、X-衍射、阴极发光、图像分析等分析测试手段,并结合测井、录井和物性等资料,从沉积和成岩两方面对准噶尔盆地玛湖西斜坡百口泉组砾岩储层特征与有利储层的主控因素进行了综合研究。研究表明:砾岩储层骨架颗粒的成分、粒度、分选性和砾岩体的厚度主要由物源和沉积环境共同决定,这些因素控制了埋藏期的压实作用和钙质胶结作用的强弱、成岩环境的特征、孔隙流体的性质、钾长石溶蚀作用以及火山碎屑的蚀变对储层性质的影响。相对扇三角洲平原亚相的水上河道和河道间,发育在扇三角洲前缘亚相的水下分流河道微相的储层厚度较大,刚性颗粒含量高、分选好,易发育绿泥石膜,压实作用相对较弱,孔隙较大且连通性较好,孔隙流体流动性较好,因此,钾长石和岩屑等易溶矿物的溶蚀产物如高岭石、伊利石等自生黏土矿物易被带出而不在原地发生沉淀,对储层物性的改善具有十分重要的作用。此外,处于有机质优势运移方向的储层物性较好。
We carried out a systematic study on the characteristics of conglomerate reservoir and analyzed the main controlling factors related to sedimentation and diagenesis for favorable reservoir development,through core analysis,thin section observation,QEMSEM,XRD,SEM,CL,fluorescence,imaging analysis,in combination with logging and physical property data.The study results show that the framework grain composition,grain size,sorting and conglomerate stone thickness are determined by the provenance and sedimentary environment,that control the strength of calcite cementation and compaction,diagenetic environment,pore fluid properties,and the influence of orthoclase dissolution on reservoir physical properties.Compared with braided channel and distributary inter-channel,conglomerate stones developed in underwater distributary channel microfacies are much thicker with higher rigid particle content,better sorting,more chlorite films,relatively weaker compaction,larger pores,and better connectivity and pore fluid mobility.Therefore,the dissolution products from orthoclase dissolution,such as kaolinite,illite and other clay minerals,are easily carried out and do not precipitated in situ.These dissolution products play an important role in improving physical properties of reservoirs.Besides,reservoirs along the organic matter migration pathway have better physical properties.
We carried out a systematic study on the characteristics of conglomerate reservoir and analyzed the main controlling factors related to sedimentation and diagenesis for favorable reservoir development,through core analysis,thin section observation,QEMSEM,XRD,SEM,CL,fluorescence,imaging analysis,in combination with logging and physical property data.The study results show that the framework grain composition,grain size,sorting and conglomerate stone thickness are determined by the provenance and sedimentary environment,that control the strength of calcite cementation and compaction,diagenetic environment,pore fluid properties,and the influence of orthoclase dissolution on reservoir physical properties.Compared with braided channel and distributary inter-channel,conglomerate stones developed in underwater distributary channel microfacies are much thicker with higher rigid particle content,better sorting,more chlorite films,relatively weaker compaction,larger pores,and better connectivity and pore fluid mobility.Therefore,the dissolution products from orthoclase dissolution,such as kaolinite,illite and other clay minerals,are easily carried out and do not precipitated in situ.These dissolution products play an important role in improving physical properties of reservoirs.Besides,reservoirs along the organic matter migration pathway have better physical properties.
引文
[1] AMTHOR J E,OKKERMAN J.Influence of early diagenesis on reservoir quality of Rotliegende sandstones,northern Netherlands[J].AAPG Bulletin,1988,82(12):2246-2265.
[2] MORAD S,AL-RAMADAN K,KETZER J M,et al.The impact of diagenesis on the heterogeneity of sandstone reservoirs:a review of the role of depositional fades and sequence stratigraphy[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1267-1309.
[3] MORAD S,KETZER J M,DE ROS L F.Spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations in siliciclastic rocks:implications for mass transfer in sedimentary basins[J].Sedimentology,2000,47:95-120.
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[5] BJRLYKKE K.Relationships between depositional enviornments,burial history and rock properties.Some principal aspects of diagenetic process in sedimentary basins[J].Sedimentary Geology,2014,301:1-14.
[6] BLOCH S,LANDER R H,BONNELL L.Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstones reservoirs:origin and predictability[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(2):301-328.
[7]董月霞,杨赏,陈蕾,等.渤海湾盆地辫状河三角洲沉积与深部储集层特征:以南堡凹陷南部古近系沙一段为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(4):385-392.
[8] MORAD S,KETZER J M,DE ROS L F,et al.Linking diagenesis to sequence stratigraphy:an integrated tool for understanding and predicting reservoir quality distribution[M].New Jersey:John Wiley&Sons Inc.,2012,45:1-36.
[9] AlVN A,EYNATTEN H V.Sedimentary facies and stratigraphic architecture in coarse-grained deltas:anatomy of the Cenozoic CamanáFormation,southern Peru(16°25′S to17°15′S)[J].Journal of South American Earth Sciences,2014,54:82-108.
[10] KETZER J M,MORAD S,EVANS R,et al.Distribution of diagenetic alterations in fluvial,deltaic and shallow marine sandstones within a sequence stratigraphic framework:evidence from the Mullaghmore Formation(Carboniferous),NW Ireland[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2002,72:760-774.
[11]朱世发,朱筱敏,王一博,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘克百地区三叠系储层溶蚀作用特征及孔隙演化[J].沉积学报,2010,28(3):547-555.
[12]胡宗全.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界砂岩储层方解石胶结物特征[J].石油学报,2003(4):40-43.
[13] TAYLOR T R,GILES M R,HATHON L A,et al.Sandstone diagenesis and reservoir quality prediction:model,myths,and reality[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1093-1132.
[14]谢武仁,杨威,赵杏媛,等.川中地区须家河组绿泥石对储集层物性的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):674-679.
[15] SCHMIDT V,MCDONALD D A.Role of secondary porosity in sandstone diagenesis[J].AAPG Bulletin,1977,61(8):1390-1391.
[16]周书欣,卢志福.松辽盆地西部斜坡白垩系储集层中长石溶蚀孔隙的研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1989(5):16-22.
[17]远光辉,操应长,葸克来,等.东营凹陷北带古近系碎屑岩储层长石溶蚀作用及其物性响应[J].石油学报,2013,34(5):853-866.
[18]陈勇,王成军,孙祥飞,等.碎屑岩储层矿物溶解度与溶蚀次生孔隙形成机理研究进展[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2015,34(4):830-836.
[19]唐勇,徐洋,瞿建华,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲群特征及分布[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(6):628-635.
[20]黄林军,唐勇,陈永波,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷斜坡区三叠系百口泉组地震层序格架控制下的扇三角洲亚相边界刻画[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(增刊):25-32.
[21]陈波,王子天,康莉,等.准噶尔盆地玛北地区三叠系百口泉组储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(1):23-35.
[22]潘建国,王国栋,曲永强,等.砂砾岩成岩圈闭形成与特征:以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷三叠系百口泉组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(增刊):41-49.
[23]雷德文,阿布力米提,唐勇,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷百口泉组油气高产区控制因素与分布预测[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(5):495-499.
[24]陈能贵,郭沫贞,孟祥超.准噶尔盆地西北缘中二叠统:下三叠统砂砾岩孔隙结构类型及其控制因素[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(4):401-408.
[25]孟祥超,陈能贵,王海明,等.砂砾岩沉积特征分析及有利储集相带确定:以玛北斜坡区百口泉组为例[J].沉积学报,2015,33(6):1235-1246.
[26]袁晓光,李维锋,张宝露,等.玛北斜坡百口泉组沉积相与有利储层分布[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(3):70-73,154.
[27]于兴河,瞿建华,谭程鹏,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲砾岩岩相及成因模式[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(6):619-627.
[28]陈哲龙,柳广弟,曹正林,等.储层沥青成因及其石油地质意义:以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷百口泉组为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018(2):1-9.
[29] KANG X,HU W,CAO J,et al.Selective dissolution of alkali feldspars and its effect on Lower Triassic sandy conglomerate reservoirs in the Junggar Basin,northwestern China[J].Geological Journal,2017,53:475-499.
[30] YUAN G H,CAO Y C,GLUYAS J,et al.Reactive transport modeling of coupled feldspar dissolution and secondary mineral precipitation and its implication for diagenetic interaction in sandstones[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2017,207:232-255.
[31]朱如凯,邹才能,张鼐,等.致密砂岩气藏储层成岩流体演化与致密成因机理:以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例[J].中国科学:地球科学,2009,39(3):327-339.
[32]孟万斌,吕正祥,冯明石,等.致密砂岩自生伊利石的成因及其对相对优质储层发育的影响:以川西地区须四段储层为例[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):783-790.
[33] JEFFRY D G.Origin and growth mechanism of authigenic chlorite in sandstones of the lower Vicksburg Formation,South Texas[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2001,71(1):27-36.
[34]谢武仁,杨威,赵杏媛,等.川中地区须家河组绿泥石对储集层物性的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):674-679.
[2] MORAD S,AL-RAMADAN K,KETZER J M,et al.The impact of diagenesis on the heterogeneity of sandstone reservoirs:a review of the role of depositional fades and sequence stratigraphy[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1267-1309.
[3] MORAD S,KETZER J M,DE ROS L F.Spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations in siliciclastic rocks:implications for mass transfer in sedimentary basins[J].Sedimentology,2000,47:95-120.
[4] BJRLYKKE K,MO A,PALM E.Modelling of thermal convection in sedimentary basins and its relevance to diagenetic reactions[J].Marine&Petroleum Geology,1988,5(4):338-351.
[5] BJRLYKKE K.Relationships between depositional enviornments,burial history and rock properties.Some principal aspects of diagenetic process in sedimentary basins[J].Sedimentary Geology,2014,301:1-14.
[6] BLOCH S,LANDER R H,BONNELL L.Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstones reservoirs:origin and predictability[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(2):301-328.
[7]董月霞,杨赏,陈蕾,等.渤海湾盆地辫状河三角洲沉积与深部储集层特征:以南堡凹陷南部古近系沙一段为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(4):385-392.
[8] MORAD S,KETZER J M,DE ROS L F,et al.Linking diagenesis to sequence stratigraphy:an integrated tool for understanding and predicting reservoir quality distribution[M].New Jersey:John Wiley&Sons Inc.,2012,45:1-36.
[9] AlVN A,EYNATTEN H V.Sedimentary facies and stratigraphic architecture in coarse-grained deltas:anatomy of the Cenozoic CamanáFormation,southern Peru(16°25′S to17°15′S)[J].Journal of South American Earth Sciences,2014,54:82-108.
[10] KETZER J M,MORAD S,EVANS R,et al.Distribution of diagenetic alterations in fluvial,deltaic and shallow marine sandstones within a sequence stratigraphic framework:evidence from the Mullaghmore Formation(Carboniferous),NW Ireland[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2002,72:760-774.
[11]朱世发,朱筱敏,王一博,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘克百地区三叠系储层溶蚀作用特征及孔隙演化[J].沉积学报,2010,28(3):547-555.
[12]胡宗全.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界砂岩储层方解石胶结物特征[J].石油学报,2003(4):40-43.
[13] TAYLOR T R,GILES M R,HATHON L A,et al.Sandstone diagenesis and reservoir quality prediction:model,myths,and reality[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(8):1093-1132.
[14]谢武仁,杨威,赵杏媛,等.川中地区须家河组绿泥石对储集层物性的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):674-679.
[15] SCHMIDT V,MCDONALD D A.Role of secondary porosity in sandstone diagenesis[J].AAPG Bulletin,1977,61(8):1390-1391.
[16]周书欣,卢志福.松辽盆地西部斜坡白垩系储集层中长石溶蚀孔隙的研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1989(5):16-22.
[17]远光辉,操应长,葸克来,等.东营凹陷北带古近系碎屑岩储层长石溶蚀作用及其物性响应[J].石油学报,2013,34(5):853-866.
[18]陈勇,王成军,孙祥飞,等.碎屑岩储层矿物溶解度与溶蚀次生孔隙形成机理研究进展[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2015,34(4):830-836.
[19]唐勇,徐洋,瞿建华,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲群特征及分布[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(6):628-635.
[20]黄林军,唐勇,陈永波,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷斜坡区三叠系百口泉组地震层序格架控制下的扇三角洲亚相边界刻画[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(增刊):25-32.
[21]陈波,王子天,康莉,等.准噶尔盆地玛北地区三叠系百口泉组储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(1):23-35.
[22]潘建国,王国栋,曲永强,等.砂砾岩成岩圈闭形成与特征:以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷三叠系百口泉组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(增刊):41-49.
[23]雷德文,阿布力米提,唐勇,等.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷百口泉组油气高产区控制因素与分布预测[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(5):495-499.
[24]陈能贵,郭沫贞,孟祥超.准噶尔盆地西北缘中二叠统:下三叠统砂砾岩孔隙结构类型及其控制因素[J].新疆石油地质,2016,37(4):401-408.
[25]孟祥超,陈能贵,王海明,等.砂砾岩沉积特征分析及有利储集相带确定:以玛北斜坡区百口泉组为例[J].沉积学报,2015,33(6):1235-1246.
[26]袁晓光,李维锋,张宝露,等.玛北斜坡百口泉组沉积相与有利储层分布[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(3):70-73,154.
[27]于兴河,瞿建华,谭程鹏,等.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲砾岩岩相及成因模式[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(6):619-627.
[28]陈哲龙,柳广弟,曹正林,等.储层沥青成因及其石油地质意义:以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷百口泉组为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018(2):1-9.
[29] KANG X,HU W,CAO J,et al.Selective dissolution of alkali feldspars and its effect on Lower Triassic sandy conglomerate reservoirs in the Junggar Basin,northwestern China[J].Geological Journal,2017,53:475-499.
[30] YUAN G H,CAO Y C,GLUYAS J,et al.Reactive transport modeling of coupled feldspar dissolution and secondary mineral precipitation and its implication for diagenetic interaction in sandstones[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2017,207:232-255.
[31]朱如凯,邹才能,张鼐,等.致密砂岩气藏储层成岩流体演化与致密成因机理:以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例[J].中国科学:地球科学,2009,39(3):327-339.
[32]孟万斌,吕正祥,冯明石,等.致密砂岩自生伊利石的成因及其对相对优质储层发育的影响:以川西地区须四段储层为例[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):783-790.
[33] JEFFRY D G.Origin and growth mechanism of authigenic chlorite in sandstones of the lower Vicksburg Formation,South Texas[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2001,71(1):27-36.
[34]谢武仁,杨威,赵杏媛,等.川中地区须家河组绿泥石对储集层物性的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):674-679.