基于超效率DEA模型的干旱区工业生态效率研究——以新疆为例
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摘要
生态效率是循环经济与可持续发展的有效测度,研究新疆区域工业生态效率,对于促进经济与生态环境协调发展,实现生态文明建设目标具有重要的现实意义。本文以2001—2015年新疆工业面板数据为样本,运用超效率DEA模型对14个地级市(州、地区)工业生态效率及其变化特征进行测评,并选取工业生态效率影响因素进行Tobit回归分析。结果表明:①新疆工业生态效率总体水平不高,但发展趋势良好,自2001—2015年呈波动式上升趋势,环比增长109. 8%;从"十五"期间的0. 75非有效状态到"十一五"期间的1. 0开始稳定保持在有效生产前沿面以上,一直到"十二五"期间的1. 08,工业生态效率一直保持稳步增长状态;②新疆各地区间工业生态效率存在不平衡性,最高值为8. 97,最低值为0. 59,相差15. 2倍;③工业生态效率与经济发展水平、科技创新、工业结构、环境规划呈正相关关系,与对外开放度、产业集聚度呈负相关关系。
Eco-efficiency is an effective measurement of sustainable development. Studies on the industrial ecological efficiency of Xinjiang,an ecological fragile arid region in China,are of important practical significance to promote the coordinated development of industry and ecological environment and achieve the goal of ecological civilization construction. In this study,the industrial panel data of Xinjiang from 2001 to 2015 were taken as the samples,the super efficiency DEA model was used to evaluate the ecological efficiency and its changes in 14 prefectures,autonomous prefectures and cities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and the Tobit regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the industrial ecological efficiency. The results showed that:(1) The overall level of industrial ecological efficiency in Xinjiang was not high,but the development trend was good. The industrial ecological efficiency was increased in a fluctuation way,and its comparative growth was 109. 8%. It was increased from 0. 75 during the Tenth Five-year Plan period to 1. 0 during the Eleventh Five-year Plan period and further to 1. 08 during the Twelfth Five-year Plan period;(2) The industrial eco-efficiency in Xinjiang was imbalance,the highest and lowest values were 8. 97 and 0. 59,respectively,and their difference was 15. 2 times;(3) The industrial eco-efficiency was positively correlated with the industrial development level,scientific and technological innovation,industrial structure and environmental planning,but negatively correlated with opening to the outside world and industrial agglomeration.
Eco-efficiency is an effective measurement of sustainable development. Studies on the industrial ecological efficiency of Xinjiang,an ecological fragile arid region in China,are of important practical significance to promote the coordinated development of industry and ecological environment and achieve the goal of ecological civilization construction. In this study,the industrial panel data of Xinjiang from 2001 to 2015 were taken as the samples,the super efficiency DEA model was used to evaluate the ecological efficiency and its changes in 14 prefectures,autonomous prefectures and cities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and the Tobit regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the industrial ecological efficiency. The results showed that:(1) The overall level of industrial ecological efficiency in Xinjiang was not high,but the development trend was good. The industrial ecological efficiency was increased in a fluctuation way,and its comparative growth was 109. 8%. It was increased from 0. 75 during the Tenth Five-year Plan period to 1. 0 during the Eleventh Five-year Plan period and further to 1. 08 during the Twelfth Five-year Plan period;(2) The industrial eco-efficiency in Xinjiang was imbalance,the highest and lowest values were 8. 97 and 0. 59,respectively,and their difference was 15. 2 times;(3) The industrial eco-efficiency was positively correlated with the industrial development level,scientific and technological innovation,industrial structure and environmental planning,but negatively correlated with opening to the outside world and industrial agglomeration.
引文
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[20]卢燕群,袁鹏.中国省域工业生态效率及影响因素的空间计量分析[J].资源科学,2017,39(7):1 326-1 337.[Lu Yanqun,Yuan Peng.Measurement and spatial econometrics analysis of provincial industrial ecological efficiency in China[J].Resource Science,2017,39(7):1 326-1 337.]
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[22]王震,石磊,刘晶茹,等.区域工业生态效率的测算方法及应用[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2008,18(6):121-126.[Wang Zhen,Shi Lei,Liu Jingru,et al.Methodology and application of eco-efficiency analysis on regional industry[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2008,18(6):121-126.]
[23]吕明元,安媛媛.基于环境约束的工业生态效率实证分析---以山东省为例[J].山东财经大学学报,2014(4):43-49.[LüMingyuan,An Yuanyuan.An empirical study of industrial eco-efficiency based on environment constraints:A case study of Shandong Province[J].Journal of Shandong University of Finance,2014(4):43-49.]
[24]刘源月,辛勤,马玉洁,等.2012年四川省工业生态效率分析[J].成都大学学报(社会科学版),2014(4):27-31.[Liu Yuanyue,Xin Qin,Ma Yujie,et al.Analysis of industrial eco-efficiency in Sichuan Province in 2012[J].Journal of Chengdu University(Social Science Edition),2014(4):27-31.]
[25]张卫枚,方勤敏,刘婷.城市工业生态效率评价---以湖南省为例[J].城市问题,2015(3):62-66.[Zhang Weimei,Fang Qinmin,Liu Ting.Evaluation of urban industrial ecological efficiency:A case study of Hunan Province[J].Urban Issues,2015(3):62-66.]
[26]刘巍,田金平,李星,等.基于DEA的中国综合类生态工业园生态效率评价方法研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(5):93-97.[Liu Wei,Tian Jinping,Li Xing,et al.Eco-efficiency assessment of eco-industrial parks in China with data envelopment analysis[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2012,22(5):93-97.]
[27]付丽娜,陈晓红,冷智花.基于超效率DEA模型的城市群生态效率研究---以长株潭“3+5”城市群为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(4):169-175.[Fu Lina,Chen Xiaohong,Leng Zhihua.Urban agglomerations eco-efficiency analysis based on super-efficiency DEA model:Case study of Chang-Zhu-Tan“3+5”urban agglomeration[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2013,23(4):169-175.]
[28]贾卫平.循环经济模式下的新疆氯碱化工产业生态效率评价研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2016.[Jia Weiping.Evaluation of Ecological Efficiency of Chlor-alkali Chemical Industry in Xinjiang under the Circular Economy Model[D].Shihezi:Shihezi University,2016.]
[29]Charnes A,Cooper W W,Rhodes E.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2(6):429-444.
[30]Andersen P,Petersen N C.A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis[J].Management Science,1993,39(10):1 261-1 264.
[31]Coelli T.A multi-stage methodology for the solution of orientated DEA models[J].Operations Research Letters,1998,23(3-5):143-149.
[32]林锦彬,刘飞翔,郑金贵.我国山区县农业生态效率评价与改善研究---以福建大田县为研究区域[J].科技管理研究,2015,35(23):59-63.[Lin Jinbin,Liu Feixiang,Zheng Jingui.Evaluation and improvement on ecological efficiency of mountainous county in China:A case of Datian County in Fujian[J].Science and Technology Management Research,2015,35(23):59-63.]
[33]贾军.基于东道国环境技术创新的FDI绿色溢出效应研究---制度环境的调节效应[J].软科学,2015,29(3):28-32.[Jia Jun.Research on FDI green technology spillovers based on environmental technological innovation of Host Country from the prospect of moderating effects of institutional environment[J].Soft Science,2015,29(3):28-32.]
[2]Verfaillie H A,Bidwell,Robin.Measuring Eco-efficiency:A guide to Reporting Company Performance[M].Conches-Geneva:World Business Council for Sustainable Development,2000.
[3]戴铁军,陆钟武.钢铁企业生态效率分析[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2005,26(12):1 168-1 173.[Dai Tiejun,Lu Zhongwu.Analysis of the ecological efficiency of iron and steel enterprises[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science Edition),2005,26(12):1 168-1 173.]
[4]张炳,毕军,黄和平,等.基于DEA的企业生态效率评价:以杭州湾精细化工园区企业为例[J].系统工程理论与实践,2008,4(4):159-166.[Zhang Bing,Bi Jun,Huang heping,et al.DEA-based corporate eco-efficiency analysis:Case study of chemical firms in Hangzhou gulf fine chemical industrial park[J].Systens Engineering-Theory Practice,2008,4(4):159-166.]
[5]杨红娟,张成浩.企业生态效率的时空演变及其影响因素研究[J].昆明理工大学学报(社会科学版),2017,17(5):55-62.[Yang Hongjuan,Zhang Chenghao.Research on the spatio-temporal evolution of ecological efficiency and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition),2017,17(5):55-62.]
[6]毛建素,曾润,杜艳春,等.中国工业行业的生态效率[J].环境科学,2010,31(11):2 788-2 794.[Mao Jiansu,Zeng Run,Du Yanchun,et al.Eco-efficiency of industry sectors for China[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(11):2 788-2 794.]
[7]程翠云,任景明,王如松.我国农业生态效率的时空差异[J].生态学报,2014,34(1):142-148.[Cheng Cuiyun,Ren Jingming,Wang Rusong.Spatio-temporal distribution of agricultural eco-efficiency in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(1):142-148.]
[8]陈傲.中国区域生态效率评价及影响因素实证分析---以2000-2006年省际数据为例[J].中国管理科学,2008,16(增刊1):566-570.[Chen Ao.Empirical analysis of the evaluation of regional ecology efficiency and influential factors in China:Evidences from provincial data 2000-2006[J].Chinese Journal of Management Science,2008,16(Suppl.1):566-570.]
[9]杨斌.2000-2006年中国区域生态效率研究---基于DEA方法的实证分析[J].经济地理,2009,29(7):1 197-1 202.[Yang Bin.Research on regional eco-efficiency of China from 2000to 2006:An empirical analysis based on DEA[J].Economic Geography,2009,29(7):1 197-1 202.]
[10]王微,林剑艺,崔胜辉,等.基于生态效率的城市可持续性评价及应用研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):1 108-1 113.[Wang Wei,Lin Jianyi,Cui Shenghui,et al.Urban sustainability assessment based on eco-efficiency and its application[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(4):1 108-1 113.]
[11]Figge F,Hahn T.Sustainable value added-measuring corporate contributions to sustainability beyond eco-efficiency[J].Ecological Economics,2004,48(2):173-187.
[12]Vogtlnder J G,Bijma A,Han C B.Communicating the eco-efficiency of products and services by means of the eco-costs/value model[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2002,10(1):57-67.
[13]Dahlstr9m K,Ekins P.Eco-efficiency trends in the UK steel and A-luminum industries[J].Journal of Industrial Ecology,2005,9(4):171-188.
[14]Michelsen O,Fet A M,Dahlsrud A.Eco-efficiency in extended supply chains:A case study of furniture production[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2006,79(3):290-297.
[15]Dyckhoff H,Allen K.Measuring ecological efficiency with data envelopment analysis(DEA)[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2001,132(2):312-325.
[16]黄晶,马蓓蓓,薛东前.基于SE-DEA模型的西安市土地利用效率及优化对策[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(3):630-636.[Huang Jing,Ma Beibei,Xue Dongqian.Research on land use efficiency and optimal strategies in Xi’an based on SE-DEA model[J].Arid Zone Research,2015,32(3):630-636.]
[17]高峰,王金德,郭政.我国区域工业生态效率评价及DEA分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(3):318-321.[Gao Feng,Wang Jinde,Guo Zheng.Determination of evaluation indicators of China’s regional industrial eco-efficiency and DEA analysis[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(3):318-321.]
[18]Huppes G,Davidson M D,Kuyper J,et al.Eco-efficient environmental policy in oil and gas production in the Netherlands[J].Ecological Economics,2007,61(1):43-51.
[19]Hahn T,Figge F,Liesen A,et al.Opportunity cost based analysis of corporate eco-efficiency:A methodology and its application to the CO2-efficiency of German companies[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2010,91(10):1 997-2 007.
[20]卢燕群,袁鹏.中国省域工业生态效率及影响因素的空间计量分析[J].资源科学,2017,39(7):1 326-1 337.[Lu Yanqun,Yuan Peng.Measurement and spatial econometrics analysis of provincial industrial ecological efficiency in China[J].Resource Science,2017,39(7):1 326-1 337.]
[21]汪东,朱坦.基于数据包络分析理论的中国区域工业生态效率研究[J].生态经济,2011(4):24-28.[Wang Dong,Zhu Tan.Study on regional industrial eco-efficiency in China based on DEAtheory[J].Ecological Economy,2011(4):24-28.]
[22]王震,石磊,刘晶茹,等.区域工业生态效率的测算方法及应用[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2008,18(6):121-126.[Wang Zhen,Shi Lei,Liu Jingru,et al.Methodology and application of eco-efficiency analysis on regional industry[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2008,18(6):121-126.]
[23]吕明元,安媛媛.基于环境约束的工业生态效率实证分析---以山东省为例[J].山东财经大学学报,2014(4):43-49.[LüMingyuan,An Yuanyuan.An empirical study of industrial eco-efficiency based on environment constraints:A case study of Shandong Province[J].Journal of Shandong University of Finance,2014(4):43-49.]
[24]刘源月,辛勤,马玉洁,等.2012年四川省工业生态效率分析[J].成都大学学报(社会科学版),2014(4):27-31.[Liu Yuanyue,Xin Qin,Ma Yujie,et al.Analysis of industrial eco-efficiency in Sichuan Province in 2012[J].Journal of Chengdu University(Social Science Edition),2014(4):27-31.]
[25]张卫枚,方勤敏,刘婷.城市工业生态效率评价---以湖南省为例[J].城市问题,2015(3):62-66.[Zhang Weimei,Fang Qinmin,Liu Ting.Evaluation of urban industrial ecological efficiency:A case study of Hunan Province[J].Urban Issues,2015(3):62-66.]
[26]刘巍,田金平,李星,等.基于DEA的中国综合类生态工业园生态效率评价方法研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(5):93-97.[Liu Wei,Tian Jinping,Li Xing,et al.Eco-efficiency assessment of eco-industrial parks in China with data envelopment analysis[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2012,22(5):93-97.]
[27]付丽娜,陈晓红,冷智花.基于超效率DEA模型的城市群生态效率研究---以长株潭“3+5”城市群为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(4):169-175.[Fu Lina,Chen Xiaohong,Leng Zhihua.Urban agglomerations eco-efficiency analysis based on super-efficiency DEA model:Case study of Chang-Zhu-Tan“3+5”urban agglomeration[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2013,23(4):169-175.]
[28]贾卫平.循环经济模式下的新疆氯碱化工产业生态效率评价研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2016.[Jia Weiping.Evaluation of Ecological Efficiency of Chlor-alkali Chemical Industry in Xinjiang under the Circular Economy Model[D].Shihezi:Shihezi University,2016.]
[29]Charnes A,Cooper W W,Rhodes E.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2(6):429-444.
[30]Andersen P,Petersen N C.A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis[J].Management Science,1993,39(10):1 261-1 264.
[31]Coelli T.A multi-stage methodology for the solution of orientated DEA models[J].Operations Research Letters,1998,23(3-5):143-149.
[32]林锦彬,刘飞翔,郑金贵.我国山区县农业生态效率评价与改善研究---以福建大田县为研究区域[J].科技管理研究,2015,35(23):59-63.[Lin Jinbin,Liu Feixiang,Zheng Jingui.Evaluation and improvement on ecological efficiency of mountainous county in China:A case of Datian County in Fujian[J].Science and Technology Management Research,2015,35(23):59-63.]
[33]贾军.基于东道国环境技术创新的FDI绿色溢出效应研究---制度环境的调节效应[J].软科学,2015,29(3):28-32.[Jia Jun.Research on FDI green technology spillovers based on environmental technological innovation of Host Country from the prospect of moderating effects of institutional environment[J].Soft Science,2015,29(3):28-32.]