钛合金基体上AlCrN涂层的冲蚀磨损行为研究
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摘要
目的研究钛合金基体表面的Al CrN涂层在固体粒子冲蚀条件下的磨损性能和材料去除机制。方法采用阴极电弧离子镀物理气相沉积技术在钛合金基体表面制备AlCrN硬质涂层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)分析冲蚀试验前后试样表面的微观形貌;利用能谱分析仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析涂层的化学成分和物相组成;利用白光干涉轮廓仪检测试样表面粗糙度和冲蚀试验后试样表面的冲蚀坑深度;利用纳米压痕仪和多功能材料表面性能测试仪测量试样的显微硬度、弹性模量和涂层与基体的结合力;利用冲蚀试验机考察高角度冲蚀条件下试样的抗冲蚀磨损性能。结果抛光后的钛合金表面光滑,没有明显缺陷,硬度为4.29 GPa,弹性模量为141.02 Gpa。Al Cr N涂层厚度约为10.5μm,表面有大量尺寸不一的球形颗粒和圆形凹坑等生长缺陷,硬度为23.27GPa,弹性模量为264.95GPa,XRD图谱表明AlCrN涂层中主要存在AlN相和Cr N相。在冲蚀角度90°、粒子冲击速度85 m/s和冲蚀粒子供给速率(2±0.5) g/min的条件下,Al CrN涂层的冲蚀坑深度仅为钛合金基体的1/10。通过冲蚀表面微观形貌观察与分析发现,钛合金基体表面的冲蚀磨损特征主要有冲击凹坑、挤压唇和微切削痕,Al Cr N涂层表面的冲蚀磨损特征主要有微切削痕、大颗粒塑性变形和剥落坑。结论钛合金的冲蚀磨损行为为典型的塑性材料冲蚀磨损机制。AlCrN涂层在冲蚀早期为塑性材料冲蚀磨损机制,随着冲蚀的进行,既有塑性材料冲蚀磨损机制,又有脆性材料冲蚀磨损机制。
The work aims to investigate erosion wear properties and material removal mechanisms of AlCrN coatings on ti-tanium alloy substrates under the solid particle erosion conditions. AlCrN hard coating was deposited onto titanium alloy sub-strates by cathodic arc ion plating physical vapor deposition(PVD). Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to analyzethe surface topography of samples before and after erosion test; energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were applied to analyze chemical components and phase composition; white light interference profiler was adopted todetect the surface roughness of the sample and the depth of erosion pits after the erosion test; and nano indentation andmulti-functional tester for material surface properties was used to analyze harness, elastic modulus and bonding strength of sim-ples. The performance of erosion resistance of samples were evaluated on the erosion tester under high impingement angle. Thepolished titanium alloy had a smooth surface with no obvious defects. The hardness and elastic modulus were 4.29 GPa and141.02 GPa, respectively. Growth detects like particles and voids with different sizes were found on the surface of AlCrN coat-ing with the thickness of about 10.5 μm. The hardness and elastic modulus of AlCrN coating were 23.27 GPa and 264.95 GPa,respectively. XRD pattern showed that AlCrN coating consisted of AlN phase and CrN phase. The erosion scar depth of theAlCrN coating was only 1/10 of the substrate at impingement angle of 90°, with a particle velocity of 85 m/s and a particle feedrate of 2±0.5 g/min. By observing and analyzing eroded surface morphologies, impacting pits, extruded lips and micro-cuttingtrace were found on the surface of titanium alloy substrate, and while micro-cutting trace, plastic deformation of large particleand spalling pits appeared on the surface of AlCrN coating. The erosion behavior of bare titanium alloys is typical plastic ero-sion mechanism. The erosion behavior of AlCrN coating is plastic erosion mechanism in the early stage of erosion, while bothplastic erosion and brittle erosion mechanisms appear with progress of erosion.
The work aims to investigate erosion wear properties and material removal mechanisms of AlCrN coatings on ti-tanium alloy substrates under the solid particle erosion conditions. AlCrN hard coating was deposited onto titanium alloy sub-strates by cathodic arc ion plating physical vapor deposition(PVD). Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to analyzethe surface topography of samples before and after erosion test; energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were applied to analyze chemical components and phase composition; white light interference profiler was adopted todetect the surface roughness of the sample and the depth of erosion pits after the erosion test; and nano indentation andmulti-functional tester for material surface properties was used to analyze harness, elastic modulus and bonding strength of sim-ples. The performance of erosion resistance of samples were evaluated on the erosion tester under high impingement angle. Thepolished titanium alloy had a smooth surface with no obvious defects. The hardness and elastic modulus were 4.29 GPa and141.02 GPa, respectively. Growth detects like particles and voids with different sizes were found on the surface of AlCrN coat-ing with the thickness of about 10.5 μm. The hardness and elastic modulus of AlCrN coating were 23.27 GPa and 264.95 GPa,respectively. XRD pattern showed that AlCrN coating consisted of AlN phase and CrN phase. The erosion scar depth of theAlCrN coating was only 1/10 of the substrate at impingement angle of 90°, with a particle velocity of 85 m/s and a particle feedrate of 2±0.5 g/min. By observing and analyzing eroded surface morphologies, impacting pits, extruded lips and micro-cuttingtrace were found on the surface of titanium alloy substrate, and while micro-cutting trace, plastic deformation of large particleand spalling pits appeared on the surface of AlCrN coating. The erosion behavior of bare titanium alloys is typical plastic ero-sion mechanism. The erosion behavior of AlCrN coating is plastic erosion mechanism in the early stage of erosion, while bothplastic erosion and brittle erosion mechanisms appear with progress of erosion.
引文
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[2]CARTER T J.Common failures in gas turbine blades[J].Engineering failure analysis,2005,12(2):237-247.
[3]BOUSSER E,MARTINU L,KLEMBERG-SAPIEHA JE.Solid particle erosion mechanisms of hard protective coatings[J].Surface&coatings technology,2013,235(235):383-393.
[4]BOUSSER E,MARTINU L,KLEMBERG-SAPIEHA JE.Solid particle erosion mechanisms of protective coatings for aerospace applications[J].Surface&coatings technology,2014,257:165-181.
[5]WILLIAMS J C,JR E A S.Progress in structural materials for aerospace systems[J].Acta materialia,2003,51(19):5775-5799.
[6]孙德恩,黄佳木,王焱,等.抗固体粒子冲蚀物理气相沉积涂层的研究进展[J].功能材料信息,2014(6):13-18.SUN De-en,HUANG Jia-mu,WANG Yan,et al.Research progress on solid particle erosion resistant of physical vapor deposition coatings[J].Functional materials information,2014(6):13-18.
[7]CHEN Z Y,LI Z Q,MENG X H.Structure,hardness and corrosion behavior of a gradient CrNx thick coating applied to turbine blades[J].Applied surface science,2009,255(16):7408-7413.
[8]ZENG X T,GOTO T,ZHAO L R,et al.Erosive wear properties of Ti-Si-N nanocomposite coatings studied by micro-sandblasting[J].Journal of vacuum science&technology A vacuum surfaces&films,2005,23(2):288-292.
[9]DENG J X,WU F F,LIAN Y S,et al.Erosion wear of Cr N,Ti N,Cr Al N,and TiAlN PVD nitride coatings[J].International journal of refractory metals&hard materials,2012,35(35):10-16.
[10]曹鑫,何卫锋,何光宇,等.DLC?TiN涂层对TC4钛合金抗砂尘冲蚀性能的影响[J].中国表面工程,2016,29(4):60-67.CAO Xin,HE Wei-feng,HE Guang-yu,et al.Effects of DLC and TiN coatings on sand erosion resistance of TC4titanium alloy[J].China surface engineering,2016,29(4):60-67.
[11]VALLETI K,PUNEET C,RAMA K L,et al.Studies on cathodic arc PVD grown TiCrN based erosion resistant thin films[J].Journal of vacuum science&technology A,2016,34(4):041512.
[12]MANOHARAN M P,DESAI A V,HAQUE M A.Fracture toughness characterization of advanced coatings[J].Journal of micromechanicsµengineering,2009,19(11):115004.
[13]REEDY M W,EDEN T J,POTTER J K,et al.Erosion performance and characterization of nanolayer(Ti,Cr)Nhard coatings for gas turbine engine compressor blade applications[J].Surface&coatings technology,2011,206(2-3):464-472.
[14]YANG Q,SEO D Y,ZHAO L R,et al.Erosion resistance performance of magnetron sputtering deposited TiAlNcoatings[J].Surface&coatings technology,2004,188(307):168-173.
[15]YANG Q,MCKELLAR R.Nanolayered CrAlTiN and multilayered CrAlTiN-AlTiN coatings for solid particle erosion protection[J].Tribology international,2015,83:12-20.
[16]任元.物理气相沉积CrN和AlCrN涂层转动微动摩擦磨损性能研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2011.REN Yuan.Study on friction and wear properties of CrNand AlCrN PVD-coatings under potational wear condition[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2011.
[17]ENDRINO J L,FOX-RABINOVICH G S,GEY C.Hard AlTiN,AlCrN PVD coatings for machining of austenitic stainless steel[J].Surface&coatings technology,2006,200(24):6840-6845.
[18]MO J L,ZHU M H.Sliding tribological behaviors of PVD CrN and AlCrN coatings against Si3N4,ceramic and pure titanium[J].Wear,2009,267(5):874-881.
[19]WOLFE D E,GABRIEL B M,REEDY M W.Nanolayer(Ti,Cr)N coatings for hard particle erosion resistance[J].Surface&coatings technology,2011,205(19):4569-4576.