穿沙公路沙柳防护带平茬恢复期辅助沙障设置模式优选
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摘要
为防止穿沙公路路侧地表和路面在沙柳防护带平茬恢复期内被风蚀和沙埋,设置纱网沙障予以防护,并探究其发挥阻、输沙能力的最优设置模式。在沙柳防护带迎风侧,设置不同距离和角度的纱网沙障,对各模式下的风速和输沙率进行观测,计算粗糙度并分析。研究结果表明:设置距沙柳防护带不同距离的纱网沙障,风速流场等值线分布不同,其中距离为3倍障高时风速降低和恢复的速率较其他两个距离更快,且风速衰减幅度最大点所对应位置在沙柳防护带范围内;沙柳防护带内地表粗糙度均大于旷野(7.33倍以上),设置角以45°为最优;减少输沙率随纱网沙障设置角度的增加而减小,且均大于88.08%,距离为3倍障高时各角度减少输沙率均值为89.14%,对近地表风沙流控制效果最为明显。综合对比分析,纱网沙障最优设置模式为:沙柳防护带迎风侧3倍障高处,与地面夹角45°。
Road surface and highway pavement would be easily damaged by wind erosion and sand burial during stumping convalescence of Salix psammophila protective belt on the desert crossing highway. Therefore,the gauze sand barrier was set up for protection of road surface,and its mode of arrangement high limit sand resistance and sediment transport were explored. On the windward side of S. psammophila protective belt,the gauze sand barrier was set at different angles and at different distances of S. psammophila protective belt's windward side. The wind speed and sediment transport rate were observed,and the roughness was analyzed in different modes. As the distance from gauze sand barrier to S. psammophila protection belt varied,the results showed that the distribution of wind speed flow isoline was different. The isoline was the densest when the distance was 3 times greater than the barrier height. In addition,the corresponding position with the maximum attenuation of wind speed was within the scope of the S. psammophila protective belt. And the maximum rate of the wind speed reduction and recovery were compared with the other two distance arrangements. The surface roughness within S. psammophila protective belt was markedly increased and greater than the open field( more than 7.33 times),and the best setting angle was 45°. The reduction of the sediment transport rate decreased with the increase of the setting angle of the gauze sand barrier, and all of them were greater than 88.08%. The effect of control to wind sand flow on surface was the most obvious when the gauze sand barrier was 3 times greater than barrier height from S. psammophila protective belt,and the average of transport rate was89.14%. Above all,the optimum mode of arrangement gauze sand barrier should be set 3 times greater than the barrier height and had an angle of 45°.
Road surface and highway pavement would be easily damaged by wind erosion and sand burial during stumping convalescence of Salix psammophila protective belt on the desert crossing highway. Therefore,the gauze sand barrier was set up for protection of road surface,and its mode of arrangement high limit sand resistance and sediment transport were explored. On the windward side of S. psammophila protective belt,the gauze sand barrier was set at different angles and at different distances of S. psammophila protective belt's windward side. The wind speed and sediment transport rate were observed,and the roughness was analyzed in different modes. As the distance from gauze sand barrier to S. psammophila protection belt varied,the results showed that the distribution of wind speed flow isoline was different. The isoline was the densest when the distance was 3 times greater than the barrier height. In addition,the corresponding position with the maximum attenuation of wind speed was within the scope of the S. psammophila protective belt. And the maximum rate of the wind speed reduction and recovery were compared with the other two distance arrangements. The surface roughness within S. psammophila protective belt was markedly increased and greater than the open field( more than 7.33 times),and the best setting angle was 45°. The reduction of the sediment transport rate decreased with the increase of the setting angle of the gauze sand barrier, and all of them were greater than 88.08%. The effect of control to wind sand flow on surface was the most obvious when the gauze sand barrier was 3 times greater than barrier height from S. psammophila protective belt,and the average of transport rate was89.14%. Above all,the optimum mode of arrangement gauze sand barrier should be set 3 times greater than the barrier height and had an angle of 45°.
引文
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[10]闫德仁,胡小龙,黄海广,等.不同几何形状纱网沙障输沙量风洞模拟实验研究[J].内蒙古林业科技,2017,43(3):14-17. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-4066.2017.03.004.YAN D R,HU X L,HUANG H G,et al. Wind tunnel modeling test on sediment discharge of PE yarn net sand barrier with different geometrical shapes[J]. Inner Mongolia Forestry Science and Technology,2017,43(3):14-17.
[11]王睿,周立华,陈勇,等.库布齐沙漠机械防沙措施的防护效益[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(2):330-336. DOI:10.13866/j.azr.2017.02.12.WANG R,ZHOU L H,CHEN Y, et al. Wind-blown sand control effect of sand barriers used in the Hobq Desert[J]. Arid Zone Research,2017,34(2):330-336.
[12]闫德仁,胡小龙,黄海广,等.纱网沙障对植被恢复效果的影响[J].内蒙古林业,2017(3):10-11. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1033-8221.2017.03.005.YAN D R,HU X L,HUANG H G,et al. Effect of gauze sand barrier on vegetation restoration[J]. Inner Mongolia Forestry,2017(3):10-11.
[13]李明.沙漠地区道路设计探讨[J].交通世界,2018(29):55-57. DOI:10.16248/j.cnki.11-3723/u.2018.29.023.LI M. Discussion on road design in desert area[J]. Transpo World,2018(29):55-57.
[14]左合君,董智,魏江生,等.沙漠地区高速公路工程防沙体系效益分析[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(6):222-225.ZUO H J,DONG Z,WEI J S,et al. Benefit analysis of sand-prevention engineering system for highway in desert region[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(6):222-225.
[15]贾丽娜,丁国栋,吴斌,等.几种不同材料类型带状沙障防风阻沙效益对比研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):41-44.JIA L N,DING G D,WU B,et al. Effect of different material types of sand barrier on wind prevention and sand resistance[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(1):41-44.
[16]韩致文,郭彩贇,钟帅,等.库布齐沙漠HDPE网和植物纤维网沙障防沙试验效应[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(4):681-689. DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00062.HAN Z W,GUO C Y,ZHONG S,et al. The sand-prevention effects of HDPE net and plant fiber net sand barriers in the Hobq Desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2018,38(4):681-689.
[17]庞营军,屈建军,谢胜波,等.高立式格状沙障防风效益[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(5):11-14.PANG Y J,QU J J,XIE S B,et al. Windproof efficiency of upright checkerboard sand-barriers[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,34(5):11-14.
[18]王翔宇,丁国栋,吴斌,等.均匀式沙蒿防风阻沙效益模拟试验研究[J].中国水土保持,2010(2):42-44. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0941.2010.02.017.WANG X Y,DING G D,WU B,et al. Simulation test on sand arresting effect of evenly distributed artemisia desertorum[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China,2010(2):42-44.
[19]王凯嘉,张红丽,杜一博,等.夏季风影响过渡区的动力学粗糙度的特征分析[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2018,54(3):356-363. DOI:10.13885/j.issn.0455-2059.2018.03.009.WANG K J,ZHANG H L,DU Y B,et al. Variable characteristics of the roughness length at the summer monsoon transition zone[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2018,54(3):356-363.
[20]吴正.风沙地貌与治沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:165-207.WU Z. Geomorphology of wind-drift sands and their controlled Engineering[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2003:165-207.
[21]赵国平,左合君,徐连秀,等.沙柳沙障防风阻沙效益的研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):38-41,65. DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2008.02.002.ZHAO G P,ZUO H J,XU L X,et al. Effect of salix deserts barrier on reducing wind and stabilizing sand[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,22(2):38-41,65.
[22]汪言在,魏殿生,伍永秋,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠沙垄区公路防护带内风场特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(5):1216-1223.WANG Y Z,WEI D S,WU Y Q,et al. Wind speed change within the shelter forest along the taklimakan desert highway[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(5):1216-1223.
[23]袁鑫鑫,王海峰,雷加强,等.不同结构尼龙网防风效应的风洞模拟[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(1):185-190. DOI:10.13866/j.azr.2017.01.24.YUAN X X,WANG H F,LEI J Q,et al. Wind tunnel simulation of wind protection effects of nylon nets with different structures[J]. Arid Zone Research,2017,34(1):185-190.
[24]张克存,屈建军,俎瑞平,等.不同结构的尼龙网和塑料网防沙效应研究[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(4):483-487. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-694X.2005.04.005.ZHANG K C,QU J J,ZU R P,et al. Simulation on abated effect of nylon and plastic nets with different structure on wind-blown sand in wind tunnel[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2005,25(4):483-487.
[25]张克存,屈建军,董治宝,等.格状沙障内风速波动特征初步研究[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(1):93-97. DOI:10.13866/j.azr.2006.01.017.ZHANG K C,QU J J,DONG Z B,et al. Preliminary research on fluctuation characteristics of wind speed over checkerboard sand barriers[J]. Arid Zone Research,2006,23(1):93-97.
[2]李震,高雨航,刘彭,等.沙柳细枝颗粒致密成型过程中的压缩方式[J].林业工程学报,2018,3(4):102-106. DOI:10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.2018.04.017.LI Z,GAO Y H,LIU P,et al. Compression method in dense molding process of salix twigs granule[J]. Journal of Forestry Engineering,2018,3(4):102-106.
[3]LANCASTER N,BAAS A. Influence of vegetation cover on sand transport by wind:field studies at Owens Lake,California[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1998,23(1):69-82.DOI:10. 1002/(sici)1096-9837(199801)23:1 <69::aidesp823>3.0.co; 2-g.
[4]SARRE R D. Sand movement over a vegetated dune ridge[C]//El-BAZ F. Sand transport and desertification in arid lands. World Scientific,1989:419-437.
[5]LI F R,ZHANG H,ZHANG T H,et al. Variations of sand transportation rates in sandy grasslands along a desertification gradient in northern China[J]. Catena,2003,53(3):255-272.DOI:10.1016/s0341-8162(03)00039-0.
[6]古哈尔克孜·马合苏提.沙漠公路沙埋病害的预防及处理措施[J].科技信息,2011(4):336,339. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-9960.2011.04.294.GUHARKEZ M. Prevention and treatment measures for sand burying disease on desert highway[J]. Science&Technology Information,2011(4):336,339.
[7]龚萍.沙柳沙障腐蚀过程及防腐抗蚀效果研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012.GONG P. The corrosion processes of salix sand-barrier and the effect of anticorrosion[D]. Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2012.
[8]QU J J,HAN Q J,DONG G R,et al. A study of the characteristics of aeolian sand activity and the effects of a comprehensive protective system in a coastal dune area in southern China[J].Coastal Engineering, 2013, 77:28-39. DOI:10. 1016/j.coastaleng.2013.02.002.
[9]唐玉龙.青藏铁路西格段戈壁风沙流防治体系研究[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):72-76. DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00010.TANG Y L. Wind-blown sand prevention system at gobi desert area along Xining-Golmud Section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway[J].Journal of Desert Research,2013,33(1):72-76.
[10]闫德仁,胡小龙,黄海广,等.不同几何形状纱网沙障输沙量风洞模拟实验研究[J].内蒙古林业科技,2017,43(3):14-17. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-4066.2017.03.004.YAN D R,HU X L,HUANG H G,et al. Wind tunnel modeling test on sediment discharge of PE yarn net sand barrier with different geometrical shapes[J]. Inner Mongolia Forestry Science and Technology,2017,43(3):14-17.
[11]王睿,周立华,陈勇,等.库布齐沙漠机械防沙措施的防护效益[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(2):330-336. DOI:10.13866/j.azr.2017.02.12.WANG R,ZHOU L H,CHEN Y, et al. Wind-blown sand control effect of sand barriers used in the Hobq Desert[J]. Arid Zone Research,2017,34(2):330-336.
[12]闫德仁,胡小龙,黄海广,等.纱网沙障对植被恢复效果的影响[J].内蒙古林业,2017(3):10-11. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1033-8221.2017.03.005.YAN D R,HU X L,HUANG H G,et al. Effect of gauze sand barrier on vegetation restoration[J]. Inner Mongolia Forestry,2017(3):10-11.
[13]李明.沙漠地区道路设计探讨[J].交通世界,2018(29):55-57. DOI:10.16248/j.cnki.11-3723/u.2018.29.023.LI M. Discussion on road design in desert area[J]. Transpo World,2018(29):55-57.
[14]左合君,董智,魏江生,等.沙漠地区高速公路工程防沙体系效益分析[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(6):222-225.ZUO H J,DONG Z,WEI J S,et al. Benefit analysis of sand-prevention engineering system for highway in desert region[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(6):222-225.
[15]贾丽娜,丁国栋,吴斌,等.几种不同材料类型带状沙障防风阻沙效益对比研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):41-44.JIA L N,DING G D,WU B,et al. Effect of different material types of sand barrier on wind prevention and sand resistance[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(1):41-44.
[16]韩致文,郭彩贇,钟帅,等.库布齐沙漠HDPE网和植物纤维网沙障防沙试验效应[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(4):681-689. DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00062.HAN Z W,GUO C Y,ZHONG S,et al. The sand-prevention effects of HDPE net and plant fiber net sand barriers in the Hobq Desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2018,38(4):681-689.
[17]庞营军,屈建军,谢胜波,等.高立式格状沙障防风效益[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(5):11-14.PANG Y J,QU J J,XIE S B,et al. Windproof efficiency of upright checkerboard sand-barriers[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,34(5):11-14.
[18]王翔宇,丁国栋,吴斌,等.均匀式沙蒿防风阻沙效益模拟试验研究[J].中国水土保持,2010(2):42-44. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0941.2010.02.017.WANG X Y,DING G D,WU B,et al. Simulation test on sand arresting effect of evenly distributed artemisia desertorum[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China,2010(2):42-44.
[19]王凯嘉,张红丽,杜一博,等.夏季风影响过渡区的动力学粗糙度的特征分析[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2018,54(3):356-363. DOI:10.13885/j.issn.0455-2059.2018.03.009.WANG K J,ZHANG H L,DU Y B,et al. Variable characteristics of the roughness length at the summer monsoon transition zone[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2018,54(3):356-363.
[20]吴正.风沙地貌与治沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:165-207.WU Z. Geomorphology of wind-drift sands and their controlled Engineering[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2003:165-207.
[21]赵国平,左合君,徐连秀,等.沙柳沙障防风阻沙效益的研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):38-41,65. DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2008.02.002.ZHAO G P,ZUO H J,XU L X,et al. Effect of salix deserts barrier on reducing wind and stabilizing sand[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,22(2):38-41,65.
[22]汪言在,魏殿生,伍永秋,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠沙垄区公路防护带内风场特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(5):1216-1223.WANG Y Z,WEI D S,WU Y Q,et al. Wind speed change within the shelter forest along the taklimakan desert highway[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(5):1216-1223.
[23]袁鑫鑫,王海峰,雷加强,等.不同结构尼龙网防风效应的风洞模拟[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(1):185-190. DOI:10.13866/j.azr.2017.01.24.YUAN X X,WANG H F,LEI J Q,et al. Wind tunnel simulation of wind protection effects of nylon nets with different structures[J]. Arid Zone Research,2017,34(1):185-190.
[24]张克存,屈建军,俎瑞平,等.不同结构的尼龙网和塑料网防沙效应研究[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(4):483-487. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-694X.2005.04.005.ZHANG K C,QU J J,ZU R P,et al. Simulation on abated effect of nylon and plastic nets with different structure on wind-blown sand in wind tunnel[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2005,25(4):483-487.
[25]张克存,屈建军,董治宝,等.格状沙障内风速波动特征初步研究[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(1):93-97. DOI:10.13866/j.azr.2006.01.017.ZHANG K C,QU J J,DONG Z B,et al. Preliminary research on fluctuation characteristics of wind speed over checkerboard sand barriers[J]. Arid Zone Research,2006,23(1):93-97.
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