基于数值模拟的橡胶防护林防风效应探讨
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摘要
针对影响防风效应的多种因素,对大风绕橡胶及防护林带的流场进行数值模拟。将林带视为符合空气动力特性的多孔介质模型,通过分析林带内部结构对绕林流场的影响,构建林带二维模型。在k-ε控制方程的基础上,对相关参数进行修正,借助CFD软件模拟了大风绕林后的流场。比较了2种流场中的沿流相对风速的变化,并对模拟进行了验证分析。结果表明,3种树高下的防护林带后的防护距离差别不明显,且树越高,承受的风压越大;相比通风型林带,紧密型和疏透型林带防护效果更好。这也为橡胶及防护林的矮化密植提供试验依据。
According to the factors affecting the windbreak effect,the flow field around rubber plantations and shelterbelts were simulated.Firstly,the forest was regarded as porous medium model with aerodynamic characteristics.Through the analysis of the internal structure of the belt to influence around the forest field,two-dimensional model was built.Secondly based on the k-εequations,the relevant parameters were amended,and the wind flow field around the forest was simulated with CFD software.Finally,the changes of relative wind velocity along the flow in two kinds of flow field and the simulation were compared.The results showed that the differences of protection distance in the three tree heights of shelterbelt were not significant,and the higher a tree was,the more pressure suffered.Compared to the ventilation type belt,the protection effect of close type and sparse through type forest were better.The results would provide an experimental basis for rubber plantation and protection forest dwarfing and close planting.
According to the factors affecting the windbreak effect,the flow field around rubber plantations and shelterbelts were simulated.Firstly,the forest was regarded as porous medium model with aerodynamic characteristics.Through the analysis of the internal structure of the belt to influence around the forest field,two-dimensional model was built.Secondly based on the k-εequations,the relevant parameters were amended,and the wind flow field around the forest was simulated with CFD software.Finally,the changes of relative wind velocity along the flow in two kinds of flow field and the simulation were compared.The results showed that the differences of protection distance in the three tree heights of shelterbelt were not significant,and the higher a tree was,the more pressure suffered.Compared to the ventilation type belt,the protection effect of close type and sparse through type forest were better.The results would provide an experimental basis for rubber plantation and protection forest dwarfing and close planting.
引文
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[18]罗良才.橡胶树木材的性质和用途[J].西部林业科学,1985(2):48-49.
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[20]娄良石,赵凯.利用林胶茶人工群落减弱台风对橡胶林破坏机理的风洞模拟试验研究[J].空气动力学学报,1993,12(4):464-467.
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[22]杜继稳,梁生俊,胡春娟,等.植被覆盖变化对区域气候影响的数值模拟研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2001,16(2):22-27.
[23]温茂元.桉树胶园防护林[J].桉树科技,1982(4):34-40.
[24]游月娥.木麻黄混交林防护效能和改土效果研究[J].西北林学院学报,2005,20(4):36-38.
[2]CHRISTO F C.Numerical modeling of wind and dust patterns around a full-scale paraboloidal solar dish[J].Renewable Energy,2012,39(1):356-366.
[3]CHEN G,WANG W,SUN C,et al.3Dnumerical simulation of wind flow behind a new porous fence[J].Powder Technology,2012,230:118-126.
[4]TAKLE E S,HAO W,SHEN J.Shelterbelts and windbreaks:mathematical modeling and computer simulations of turbulent flows[J].Advances in Mechanics,2001,33(1):549-586.
[5]WILSON J D,YEE E.Calculation of winds disturbed by an array of fences[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2003,115(1-2):31-50.
[6]SANTIAGO J,MARTIN F,CUERVA A,et al.Experimental and numerical study of wind flow behind windbreaks[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(30):6406-6420.
[7]BOURDIN P,WILSON J D.Windbreak aerodynamics:is computational fluid dynamics reliable[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,2008,126(2):181-208.
[8]ENDALEW A M,HERTOG M,DELELE M A,et al.CFD modeling and wind tunnel validation of airflow through plant canopies using 3Dcanopy architecture[J].International Journal of Heat&Fluid Flow,2009,30(2):356-368.
[9]ROSENFELD M,MAROM G,BITAN A.Numerical Simulation of the airflow across trees in a windbreak[J].BoundaryLayer Meteorology,2010,135(1):89-107.
[10]FANG F M,LIANG T C,CHUNG C Y,et al.On the simulation of flow around discrete coniferous trees[J].Journal-Chinese Institute of Engineers,2015,38(5):1-10.
[11]王福军.计算流体动力学分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[12]PATTANAPOL W,WAKES S J,HILTON M J,et al.Modeling of Surface Roughness for Flow Over a Complex Vegetated Surface[J].International Journal of Mathematical Physical&Engineering S,2008(1):18.
[13]WILSON J D.Numerical studies of flow through a windbreak[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1985,21:119-154.
[14]GUAN D,ZHANG Y,ZHU T.A wind-tunnel study of windbreak drag[J].Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2003,118(1):75-84.
[15]BITOG J P,LEE I B,HWANG H S,et al.Numerical simulation study of a tree windbreak[J].Biosystems Engineering,2012,111(1):40-48.
[16]薄天利,郑晓静.防沙栅栏风洞实验的数值模拟[J].兰州大学学报,2005,10(5):97-101.BO T L,ZHENG X J.Numerical simulation on sand fence in wind tunnel experiment[J].Journal of Lanzhou University,2005,41(5):97-101.(in Chinese)
[17]SVENSSON U,HGGKVIST K.A two-equation turbulence model for canopy flows[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1990,35(1):201-211.
[18]罗良才.橡胶树木材的性质和用途[J].西部林业科学,1985(2):48-49.
[19]PERERA M D.Shelter behind two-dimensional solid and porous fences[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1981,8(1-2):93-104.
[20]娄良石,赵凯.利用林胶茶人工群落减弱台风对橡胶林破坏机理的风洞模拟试验研究[J].空气动力学学报,1993,12(4):464-467.
[21]张雷,董毅,虞木奎,等.沿海防护林网防风效应数值模拟研究[J].中国农学通报,2015(28):34-39.
[22]杜继稳,梁生俊,胡春娟,等.植被覆盖变化对区域气候影响的数值模拟研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2001,16(2):22-27.
[23]温茂元.桉树胶园防护林[J].桉树科技,1982(4):34-40.
[24]游月娥.木麻黄混交林防护效能和改土效果研究[J].西北林学院学报,2005,20(4):36-38.
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