外源添加短链脂肪酸调控断奶前犊牛胃肠道健康发育潜在功能和机制
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摘要
胃肠道健康发育是影响犊牛生长及其潜在生产性能发挥的关键。研究报道,短链脂肪酸(SCFA)和胃肠道微生物可促进幼龄动物胃肠道健康发育,但具体机制还不明确。新生犊牛胃肠道发育不健全,胃肠道内微生物种类及丰度均较低,内源性产生的代谢产物SCFA较少。现有文献表明,SCFA具有通过影响断奶前犊牛胃肠道微生物的定植、维持肠道黏膜屏障的完整性及提高肠道抗炎能力,进而促进犊牛胃肠道健康发育的功能。本文拟从胃肠道上皮和微生物2个层次来探究并综述外源添加SCFA促进断奶前犊牛胃肠道发育的分子机制,及其对断奶前犊牛胃肠道微生物定植的影响及机理,为犊牛健康培育与科学饲养提供理论基础。
Well development of the gastrointestinal tract is one most important key step to improve the potential performance in calves. Previous studies have shown that short chain fatty acids( SCFA) can improve the development of gastrointestinal tract but without more mechanism details. Newborn calves only can produce very little endogenous SCFA as poor development of gastrointestinal tract and gut microflora species and abundance.The literatures showed that SCFA might enhance the development of gastrointestinal tract through improving gut microorganism colonization,maintaining integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier and enhancing intestinal anti-inflammatory capacity. This paper reviews the mechanisms of exogenous addition SCFA promote the gastrointestinal tract development of calves before weaning through gastrointestinal epithelium and microorganism two aspect,and its influence and mechanism of gastrointestinal tract microorganism colonization of calves before weaning,which will provide theoretical basis for improving calf health and benefiting the dairy industry.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2465-2470]
Well development of the gastrointestinal tract is one most important key step to improve the potential performance in calves. Previous studies have shown that short chain fatty acids( SCFA) can improve the development of gastrointestinal tract but without more mechanism details. Newborn calves only can produce very little endogenous SCFA as poor development of gastrointestinal tract and gut microflora species and abundance.The literatures showed that SCFA might enhance the development of gastrointestinal tract through improving gut microorganism colonization,maintaining integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier and enhancing intestinal anti-inflammatory capacity. This paper reviews the mechanisms of exogenous addition SCFA promote the gastrointestinal tract development of calves before weaning through gastrointestinal epithelium and microorganism two aspect,and its influence and mechanism of gastrointestinal tract microorganism colonization of calves before weaning,which will provide theoretical basis for improving calf health and benefiting the dairy industry.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2465-2470]
引文
[1]HEINRICHS A J,LESMEISTER K E,GARNSWOR-THY P C.Rumen development in the dairy calf[C]//Calf and Heifer Rearing:principles of rearing the modern dairy heifer from calf to calving.60th University of Nottingham Easter School in agricultural science.Nottingham:University of Nottingham Easter School,2005.
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[3]BERGMAN E N.Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species[J].Physiological Reviews,1990,70(2):567-590.
[4]BILK S,HUHN K,HONSCHAK U,et al.Bicarbonate exporting transporters in the ovine ruminal epithelium[J].Journal of Comparative Physiology B,2005,175(5):365-374.
[5]ZHANG X Z,WU X,CHEN W B,et al.Growth performance and development of internal organ,and gastrointestinal tract of calf supplementation w ith calcium propionate at various stages of grow th period[J].PLoS One,2017,12(7):e0179940.
[6]KOWALSKI Z M,GRKA P,FLAGA J,et al.Effect of microencapsulated sodium butyrate in the close-up diet on performance of dairy cow s in the early lactation period[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(5):3284-3291.
[7]PIEKARSKA J,MI S'TA D,HOUSZKA M,et al.Trichinella spiralis:the influence of short chain fatty acids on the proliferation of lymphocytes,the goblet cell count and apoptosis in the mouse intestine[J].Experimental Parasitology,2011,128(4):419-426.
[8]VINOLO M A R,RODRIGUESH G,HATANAKAE,et al.Suppressive effect of short-chain fatty acids on production of proinflammatory mediators by neutrophils[J].The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2011,22(9):849-855.
[9]HMAN L,TRNBLOM H,SIMRN M.Crosstalk at the mucosal border:importance of the gut microenvironment in IBS[J].Nature Review s Gastroenterology&Hepatology,2015,12(1):36-49.
[10]ESWARAN S,MUIR J,CHEYW D.Fiber and functional gastrointestinal disorders[J].The American Journal of Gastroenterology,2013,108(5):718-727.
[11]FUKUDA S,TOH H,HASE K,et al.Bifidobacteria can protect from enteropathogenic infection through production of acetate[J].Nature,2012,469(5):543-547.
[12]LANE M A,JESSB W.EEffect of volatile fatty acid infusion on development of the rumen epithelium in neonatal sheep[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1997,80(4):740-746.
[13]SUTTON J D,MCGILLIARDA D,RICHARDM,et al.Functional development of rumen mucosa.Ⅱ.M etabolic activity[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1963,46(6):530-537.
[14]LIU Q,WANGC,GUO G,et al.Effects of branchedchain volatile fatty acids supplementation on grow th performance,ruminal fermentation,nutrient digestibility,hepatic lipid content and gene expression of dairy calves[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2018,237:27-34.
[15]BEIRANVAND H,GHORBANIG R,KHOR-VASHM,et al.Interactions of alfalfa hay and sodium propionate on dairy calf performance and rumen development[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(4):2270-2280.
[16]DENGLER F,RACKWITZ R,BENESCH F,et al.Both butyrate incubation and hypoxia upregulate genes involved in the ruminal transport of SCFA and their metabolites[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2015,99(2):379-390.
[17]WANG C,LIU Q,ZHANGY L,et al.Effects of isobutyrate supplementation in pre-and post-w eaned dairy calves diet on grow th performance,rumen development,blood metabolites and hormone secretion[J].Animal,2016,11(5):794-801.
[18]张军,黄佳佳.丁酸盐在动物营养中的应用[J].饲料广角,2006(21):45-46.
[19]GERBERT C,FRIETEN D,KOCH C,et al.Organ and epithelial grow th in the gastrointestinal tract of Holstein calves fed milk replacer ad libitum and supplemented w ith butyrate[C]//Prodceedings of the Society of Nutrition Physiology.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2017.
[20]BUNTING L D,TARIFAT A,CROCHETB T,et al.Effects of dietary inclusion of chromium propionate and calcium propionate on glucose disposal and gastrointestinal development in dairy calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83(11):2491-2498.
[21]BANNINK A,FRANCE J,LOPEZ S,et al.Modelling the implications of feeding strategy on rumen fermentation and functioning of the rumen w all[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,143(1/2/3/4):3-26.
[22]MALMUTHUGE N,GRIEBELPJ,GUANL L.The gut microbiome and its potential role in the development and function of new born calf gastrointestinal tract[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2015,2:36.
[23]RHEE S H,POTHOULAKIS C,MAYER E A.Principles and clinical implications of the brain-gut-enteric microbiota axis[J].Nature Review s Gastroenterology&Hepatology,2009,6(5):306-314.
[24]BENSADOUN A,PALADINESO L,REIDJ T.Effect of level of intake and physical form of the diet on plasma glucose concentration and volatile fatty acid absorption in ruminants[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1962,45(10):1203-1210.
[25]GLFI P,BOKORI J.Feeding trial in pigs with a diet containing sodium n-butyrate[J].Acta Veterinaria Hungarica,1990,38(1/2):3-17.
[26]PASTELL H,WESTERMANN P,MEYERA S,et al.In vitro fermentation of arabinoxylan-derived carbohydrates by bifidobacteria and mixed fecal microbiota[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2009,57(18):8598-8606.
[27]刘松珍,张雁,张名位,等.肠道短链脂肪酸产生机制及生理功能的研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(11):99-103.
[28]ZHAO L P,ZHANG F,DING X Y,et al.Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2diabetes[J].Science,2018,359(6380):1151-1156.
[29]ZWITTINK R D,VAN ZOEREN-GROBBEN D,M ARTIN R,et al.M etaproteomics reveals functional differences in intestinal microbiota development of preterm infants[J].M olecular&Cellular Proteomics,2017,16(9):1610-1620.
[30]SPILJAR M,MERKLER D,TRAJKOVSKI M.The Immune system bridges the gut microbiota w ith systemic energy homeostasis:focus on TLRs,mucosal barrier,and SCFAs[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2017,8:1353.
[31]TEDELIND S,WESTBERG F,KJERRULF M,et al.Anti-inflammatory properties of the short-chain fatty acids acetate and propionate:a study w ith relevance to inflammatory bow el disease[J].World Journal of Gastroenterology,2007,13(20):2826-2832.
[32]KIM M H,KANGS G,PARKJ H,et al.Short-chain fatty acids activate GPR41 and GPR43 on intestinal epithelial cells to promote inflammatory responses in mice[J].Gastroenterology,2013,145(2):396-406.e10.
[33]WU W,SUN M,CHEN F,et al.Microbiota metabolite short-chain fatty acid acetate promotes intestinal IgAresponse to microbiota w hich is mediated by GPR43[J].Mucosal Immunology,2017,10(4):946-956.
[34]AGUS A,DENIZOT J,THVENOT J,et al.Western diet induces a shift in microbiota composition enhancing susceptibility to Adherent-Invasive E.coli infection and intestinal inflammation[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:19032.
[35]徐万里,陆高,梁世杰,等.短链脂肪酸介导的菌群-宿主互动与肠易激综合征的研究进展[J].世界华人消化杂志,2015,23(36):5815-5822.
[36]HYLAND N P,QUIGLEYE M,BRINTE.Microbiotahost interactions in irritable bow el syndrome:epithelial barrier,immune regulation and brain-gut interactions[J].World Journal of Gastroenterology,2014,20(27):8859-8866.
[37]VELASQUEZ-MANOFF M.The peacekeepers[J].Nature,2015,518(7540):S3-S11.
[38]HAN X F,SONG H M,WANG Y L,et al.Sodium butyrate protects the intestinal barrier function in peritonitic mice[J].International Journal of Clinical and Experimental M edicine,2015,8(3):4000-4007.
[39]KELLY C J,ZHENG L,CAMPBELLE L,et al.Crosstalk betw een microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and intestinal epithelial HIF augments tissue barrier function[J].Cell Host&M icrobe,2015,17(5):662-671.
[40]MACIA L,TAN J,VIEIRAA T,et al.Metabolite-sensing receptors GPR43 and GPR109A facilitate dietary fibre-induced gut homeostasis through regulation of the inflammasome[J].Nature Communications,2015,6:6734.
[41]SUN M M,WU W,LIU Z J,et al.Microbiota metabolite short chain fatty acids,GPCR,and inflammatory bow el diseases[J].Journal of Gastroenterology,2016,52(1):1-8.
[42]TAMBURINI S,SHEN N,WUH C,et al.The microbiome in early life:implications for health outcomes[J].Nature Medicine,2016,22(7):713-722.
[43]SCHILDERINK R,VERSEIJDEN C,SEPPEN J,et al.The SCFA butyrate stimulates the epithelial production of retinoic acid via inhibition of epithelial HDAC[J].American Journal of Physiology:Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology,2016,310(11):G1138-G1146.
[2]PENNER G B,TANIGUCHI M,GUAN L L,et al.Effect of dietary forage to concentrate ratio on volatile fatty acid absorption and the expression of genes related to volatile fatty acid absorption and metabolism in ruminal tissue[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(6):2767-2781.
[3]BERGMAN E N.Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species[J].Physiological Reviews,1990,70(2):567-590.
[4]BILK S,HUHN K,HONSCHAK U,et al.Bicarbonate exporting transporters in the ovine ruminal epithelium[J].Journal of Comparative Physiology B,2005,175(5):365-374.
[5]ZHANG X Z,WU X,CHEN W B,et al.Growth performance and development of internal organ,and gastrointestinal tract of calf supplementation w ith calcium propionate at various stages of grow th period[J].PLoS One,2017,12(7):e0179940.
[6]KOWALSKI Z M,GRKA P,FLAGA J,et al.Effect of microencapsulated sodium butyrate in the close-up diet on performance of dairy cow s in the early lactation period[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(5):3284-3291.
[7]PIEKARSKA J,MI S'TA D,HOUSZKA M,et al.Trichinella spiralis:the influence of short chain fatty acids on the proliferation of lymphocytes,the goblet cell count and apoptosis in the mouse intestine[J].Experimental Parasitology,2011,128(4):419-426.
[8]VINOLO M A R,RODRIGUESH G,HATANAKAE,et al.Suppressive effect of short-chain fatty acids on production of proinflammatory mediators by neutrophils[J].The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2011,22(9):849-855.
[9]HMAN L,TRNBLOM H,SIMRN M.Crosstalk at the mucosal border:importance of the gut microenvironment in IBS[J].Nature Review s Gastroenterology&Hepatology,2015,12(1):36-49.
[10]ESWARAN S,MUIR J,CHEYW D.Fiber and functional gastrointestinal disorders[J].The American Journal of Gastroenterology,2013,108(5):718-727.
[11]FUKUDA S,TOH H,HASE K,et al.Bifidobacteria can protect from enteropathogenic infection through production of acetate[J].Nature,2012,469(5):543-547.
[12]LANE M A,JESSB W.EEffect of volatile fatty acid infusion on development of the rumen epithelium in neonatal sheep[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1997,80(4):740-746.
[13]SUTTON J D,MCGILLIARDA D,RICHARDM,et al.Functional development of rumen mucosa.Ⅱ.M etabolic activity[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1963,46(6):530-537.
[14]LIU Q,WANGC,GUO G,et al.Effects of branchedchain volatile fatty acids supplementation on grow th performance,ruminal fermentation,nutrient digestibility,hepatic lipid content and gene expression of dairy calves[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2018,237:27-34.
[15]BEIRANVAND H,GHORBANIG R,KHOR-VASHM,et al.Interactions of alfalfa hay and sodium propionate on dairy calf performance and rumen development[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(4):2270-2280.
[16]DENGLER F,RACKWITZ R,BENESCH F,et al.Both butyrate incubation and hypoxia upregulate genes involved in the ruminal transport of SCFA and their metabolites[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2015,99(2):379-390.
[17]WANG C,LIU Q,ZHANGY L,et al.Effects of isobutyrate supplementation in pre-and post-w eaned dairy calves diet on grow th performance,rumen development,blood metabolites and hormone secretion[J].Animal,2016,11(5):794-801.
[18]张军,黄佳佳.丁酸盐在动物营养中的应用[J].饲料广角,2006(21):45-46.
[19]GERBERT C,FRIETEN D,KOCH C,et al.Organ and epithelial grow th in the gastrointestinal tract of Holstein calves fed milk replacer ad libitum and supplemented w ith butyrate[C]//Prodceedings of the Society of Nutrition Physiology.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2017.
[20]BUNTING L D,TARIFAT A,CROCHETB T,et al.Effects of dietary inclusion of chromium propionate and calcium propionate on glucose disposal and gastrointestinal development in dairy calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83(11):2491-2498.
[21]BANNINK A,FRANCE J,LOPEZ S,et al.Modelling the implications of feeding strategy on rumen fermentation and functioning of the rumen w all[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,143(1/2/3/4):3-26.
[22]MALMUTHUGE N,GRIEBELPJ,GUANL L.The gut microbiome and its potential role in the development and function of new born calf gastrointestinal tract[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2015,2:36.
[23]RHEE S H,POTHOULAKIS C,MAYER E A.Principles and clinical implications of the brain-gut-enteric microbiota axis[J].Nature Review s Gastroenterology&Hepatology,2009,6(5):306-314.
[24]BENSADOUN A,PALADINESO L,REIDJ T.Effect of level of intake and physical form of the diet on plasma glucose concentration and volatile fatty acid absorption in ruminants[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1962,45(10):1203-1210.
[25]GLFI P,BOKORI J.Feeding trial in pigs with a diet containing sodium n-butyrate[J].Acta Veterinaria Hungarica,1990,38(1/2):3-17.
[26]PASTELL H,WESTERMANN P,MEYERA S,et al.In vitro fermentation of arabinoxylan-derived carbohydrates by bifidobacteria and mixed fecal microbiota[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2009,57(18):8598-8606.
[27]刘松珍,张雁,张名位,等.肠道短链脂肪酸产生机制及生理功能的研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(11):99-103.
[28]ZHAO L P,ZHANG F,DING X Y,et al.Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2diabetes[J].Science,2018,359(6380):1151-1156.
[29]ZWITTINK R D,VAN ZOEREN-GROBBEN D,M ARTIN R,et al.M etaproteomics reveals functional differences in intestinal microbiota development of preterm infants[J].M olecular&Cellular Proteomics,2017,16(9):1610-1620.
[30]SPILJAR M,MERKLER D,TRAJKOVSKI M.The Immune system bridges the gut microbiota w ith systemic energy homeostasis:focus on TLRs,mucosal barrier,and SCFAs[J].Frontiers in Immunology,2017,8:1353.
[31]TEDELIND S,WESTBERG F,KJERRULF M,et al.Anti-inflammatory properties of the short-chain fatty acids acetate and propionate:a study w ith relevance to inflammatory bow el disease[J].World Journal of Gastroenterology,2007,13(20):2826-2832.
[32]KIM M H,KANGS G,PARKJ H,et al.Short-chain fatty acids activate GPR41 and GPR43 on intestinal epithelial cells to promote inflammatory responses in mice[J].Gastroenterology,2013,145(2):396-406.e10.
[33]WU W,SUN M,CHEN F,et al.Microbiota metabolite short-chain fatty acid acetate promotes intestinal IgAresponse to microbiota w hich is mediated by GPR43[J].Mucosal Immunology,2017,10(4):946-956.
[34]AGUS A,DENIZOT J,THVENOT J,et al.Western diet induces a shift in microbiota composition enhancing susceptibility to Adherent-Invasive E.coli infection and intestinal inflammation[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:19032.
[35]徐万里,陆高,梁世杰,等.短链脂肪酸介导的菌群-宿主互动与肠易激综合征的研究进展[J].世界华人消化杂志,2015,23(36):5815-5822.
[36]HYLAND N P,QUIGLEYE M,BRINTE.Microbiotahost interactions in irritable bow el syndrome:epithelial barrier,immune regulation and brain-gut interactions[J].World Journal of Gastroenterology,2014,20(27):8859-8866.
[37]VELASQUEZ-MANOFF M.The peacekeepers[J].Nature,2015,518(7540):S3-S11.
[38]HAN X F,SONG H M,WANG Y L,et al.Sodium butyrate protects the intestinal barrier function in peritonitic mice[J].International Journal of Clinical and Experimental M edicine,2015,8(3):4000-4007.
[39]KELLY C J,ZHENG L,CAMPBELLE L,et al.Crosstalk betw een microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and intestinal epithelial HIF augments tissue barrier function[J].Cell Host&M icrobe,2015,17(5):662-671.
[40]MACIA L,TAN J,VIEIRAA T,et al.Metabolite-sensing receptors GPR43 and GPR109A facilitate dietary fibre-induced gut homeostasis through regulation of the inflammasome[J].Nature Communications,2015,6:6734.
[41]SUN M M,WU W,LIU Z J,et al.Microbiota metabolite short chain fatty acids,GPCR,and inflammatory bow el diseases[J].Journal of Gastroenterology,2016,52(1):1-8.
[42]TAMBURINI S,SHEN N,WUH C,et al.The microbiome in early life:implications for health outcomes[J].Nature Medicine,2016,22(7):713-722.
[43]SCHILDERINK R,VERSEIJDEN C,SEPPEN J,et al.The SCFA butyrate stimulates the epithelial production of retinoic acid via inhibition of epithelial HDAC[J].American Journal of Physiology:Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology,2016,310(11):G1138-G1146.