海滨、森林环境中空气负离子分布特征及其与环境因子的关系
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摘要
利用连续7年北戴河空气负离子观测实验数据,分别以气象站、金山嘴和联峰山测点代表城市绿化区、海滨、森林等生态环境。绘制空气负离子浓度变化曲线,分析空气负离子浓度与气候要素和大气污染物的相关性,并进行显著性检验。本研究旨在了解北戴河空气负离子分布特征及其与环境因子的关系,为当地的环境保护、为劳模疗养和旅游资源开发提供科学数据。研究结果,(1)空气负离子浓度年际变化起伏不大,7年的平均值为1 730 ind?cm~(-3),最高年份与最低年份相差535ind?cm~(-3)。(2)空气负离子浓度月变化中,8月份平均离子浓度为7 785 ind?cm~(-3),为全年最高,1月份为365 ind?cm~(-3),为全年最低。在空气负离子空间分布上,海边和森林空气负离子浓度明显偏高,海滨的年平均值为3 902 ind?cm~(-3),森林年平均值为5 403 ind?cm~(-3)。(3)按季节统计空气负离子浓度日变化,其特点是白天浓度明显小于夜间,最高值出现在夜间或早晨,最低值出现在中午到下午之间。(4)年际空气负离子浓度与年雨日数、年总降雨量、年雷暴日数、年平均相对湿度呈正相关;与年平均气温、年日照时数呈负相关,但空气负离子浓度年均值与气象要素年均值的相关性检验不显著。(5)空气负离子浓度与细颗粒物PM_(2.5)浓度呈负相关;与细颗粒物中的二氧化氮、二氧化硫、一氧化碳浓度呈负相关,而与臭氧浓度呈正相关,并通过显著性检验。(6)大气放电(雷雨)可以产生数量巨大的空气负离子。
Using data for seven years fromthe observation of air anion in Beidaihe, by choosing the meteorological observation, Jinshanzui and Lianfengshan as the typical example of the different ecological environment, this is, the so-called, representative of the urban green space, the beach and the forest. making some line charts of air anion mass concentration, getting some tables on the correlation coefficient which can reflect the relationships between air anionand climate elements and main pollutants. And the significance test must also be done. Doing this, in order to understand the characteristics of air anion distribution, to find out the correllation between air anion and environmental factors in Beidaihe, so, some scientific data can be provide for the environmental protection, the physical rehabilitation of model worker and the development of tourism resources. The results of the study have the following several aspects,(1) Annual average of air anion mass concentration is 1 730 ind?cm~(-3) in seven years, and there are a few small difference on the average value of air anion mass concentration, its highest value is 535 ind?cm~(-3) more than its lowest value.(2) As for the change on the monthly average of air anion mass concentration in a year, its highest value is 7 785 ind·cm~(-3) in August, its lowest value is 365 ind?cm~(-3) in January. On the spatial distribution of air anion mass concentration, it is obviously more than elsewhere in beach and forest, the annual average is 3 902 ind?cm~(-3) in beach, it is 5 403 ind?cm~(-3) in forest.(3) According to the diurnal variation of anion distribution in the four seasons, its mass concentration in the daytime is less than nighttime, the peak value of daily variation appeared at night or in the morning, and the lowest was at noon or in the afternoon.(4) Using year as the unit of time scale, there is the positive correlation between air anion mass concentration and annual rainfall day, annual total precipitation, annual thunderstorm day, annual average relative humidity. The negative correlation is between air anion mass concentration and annual average temperature, annual sunshine hours, but there is no significant correlation between annual average of air anion mass concentration and annual number of meteorological elements.(5) The mass concentration of air anion and the mass concentrations of PM_(2.5) is negative correlated, also being negative correlated between air anion and pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, but one positive correlation coefficient is between anion and the ozone, and all of them passes the significance test. And(6) lightning can generates a huge amount of air anion.
Using data for seven years fromthe observation of air anion in Beidaihe, by choosing the meteorological observation, Jinshanzui and Lianfengshan as the typical example of the different ecological environment, this is, the so-called, representative of the urban green space, the beach and the forest. making some line charts of air anion mass concentration, getting some tables on the correlation coefficient which can reflect the relationships between air anionand climate elements and main pollutants. And the significance test must also be done. Doing this, in order to understand the characteristics of air anion distribution, to find out the correllation between air anion and environmental factors in Beidaihe, so, some scientific data can be provide for the environmental protection, the physical rehabilitation of model worker and the development of tourism resources. The results of the study have the following several aspects,(1) Annual average of air anion mass concentration is 1 730 ind?cm~(-3) in seven years, and there are a few small difference on the average value of air anion mass concentration, its highest value is 535 ind?cm~(-3) more than its lowest value.(2) As for the change on the monthly average of air anion mass concentration in a year, its highest value is 7 785 ind·cm~(-3) in August, its lowest value is 365 ind?cm~(-3) in January. On the spatial distribution of air anion mass concentration, it is obviously more than elsewhere in beach and forest, the annual average is 3 902 ind?cm~(-3) in beach, it is 5 403 ind?cm~(-3) in forest.(3) According to the diurnal variation of anion distribution in the four seasons, its mass concentration in the daytime is less than nighttime, the peak value of daily variation appeared at night or in the morning, and the lowest was at noon or in the afternoon.(4) Using year as the unit of time scale, there is the positive correlation between air anion mass concentration and annual rainfall day, annual total precipitation, annual thunderstorm day, annual average relative humidity. The negative correlation is between air anion mass concentration and annual average temperature, annual sunshine hours, but there is no significant correlation between annual average of air anion mass concentration and annual number of meteorological elements.(5) The mass concentration of air anion and the mass concentrations of PM_(2.5) is negative correlated, also being negative correlated between air anion and pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, but one positive correlation coefficient is between anion and the ozone, and all of them passes the significance test. And(6) lightning can generates a huge amount of air anion.
引文
白保勋,陈东海,徐婷婷,等.2016.河南中北部不同植被区空气负离子浓度变化分析[J].生态环境学报,25(10):1629-1637.
常艾,刘敏,李常陵.2015.探讨空气负离子浓度与气象条件的关系[J].北京农业,(6):116-117.
丛菁,孙立娟.2010.大连市负氧离子浓度分布及预测模型的建立[J].气象与环境学报,26(4):44-47.
冯鹏飞,于新文,张旭.2015.北京地区不同植被类型空气负离子浓度及其影响因素分析[J].生态环境学报,24(5):818-824.
胡喜生,柳冬香,洪伟,等.2012.福州市不同类型绿地空气负离子效应评价[J].农学学报,2(10):42-45.
黄建武,陶家元.2002.空气负离子资源开发与生态旅游[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),36(2):253-257.
黄彦柳,陈东辉,陆丹,等.2004.空气负离子与城市环境[J].干旱环境监测,18(4):208-211.
康志遥.1982.空气离子的生物效应与生理机制[J].自然杂志,5(1):843-845.
李陈贞,甘德欣,陈晓莹.2009.不同生态环境条件对空气负离子浓度的影响研究[J].现代农业科学,16(5):174-176.
李飞,兰泽民,胡天亮,等.1991.峨嵋山疗养区室外空气离子浓度状况测定[J].中华理疗杂志,(1):22-23.
李青山,刘军,狄有波,等.2008.北戴河空气负离子浓度测定与负离子评价标准[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,18(4):1-4.
梁诗,童庆宣,池敏杰.2010.城市植被对空气负离子的影响[J].亚热带植物科学,39(4):46-50.
林金明,宋冠群,赵丽霞.2006.环境、健康与负氧离子[M].北京:化学工业出版社:1-300.
刘新,吴林豪,张浩,等.2011.城市绿地植物群落空气负离子浓度及影响要素研究[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),50(2):206-212.
刘宇,董蓉,王晓立,等.2015.不同群落结构绿地空气负离子浓度与颗粒物的关系[J].江苏农业科学,4 3(11):465-467.
蒙晋佳,张燕.2005.地面上的空气负离子主要来源于植物的尖端放电[J].环境科学与技术,28(1):112-113.
倪军.2005.城市不同功能区典型下垫面空气离子与环境因子的相关研究--以上海徐汇区为例[D].上海:上海师范大学:(5):1-50.
任晓旭,陈勤娟,董建华,等.2016.杭州城区空气负离子特征及其与气象因子的关系[J].环境保护科学,42(3):109-112.
邵海荣,杜建军,单宏臣,等.2005.用空气负离子浓度对北京地区空气清洁度进行初步评价[J].北京林业大学学报,27(4):56-59.
石强,舒惠芳,钟林生,等.2004.森林游憩区空气负离子评价研究[J].林业科学,40(1):36-40.
谭远军,王恩,张鹏翀,等.2013.空气负离子时空变化及保健功能研究进展[J].北方园艺,37(9):208-211.
王非,李冰,周蕴薇.2016.城市森林公园空气负离子浓度与气象因子的相关性[J].东北林业大学学报,44(2):18-21.
王薇,余庄.2013.中国城市环境中空气负离子研究进展[J].生态环境学报,22(4):705-711.
王薇,张之秋.2014.城市住区空气负离子浓度时空变化及空气质量评价--以合肥市为例[J].生态环境学报,23(11):1783-1791.
王薇.2014.空气负离子浓度分布特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态环境学报,23(6):979-984.
韦朝领,王敬涛,蒋跃林,等.2006.合肥市不同生态功能区空气负离子浓度分布特征及其与气象因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,17(11):2158-2162.
闫秀婧.2010.青岛市森林与湿地负离子的空间分布特征[J].林业科学,46(6):66-69.
赵艳佩.2014.上海市环境空气负离子分布规律及其与影响因子的关联性研究[D].上海:上海师范大学:1-74.
周斌,余树全,张超,等.2011.不同树种林分对空气负离子浓度的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,28(2):200-206.
周志勇,匡秀英,沈瑞娟.1996.杭州景观疗养地空气负离子观测分析[J].中国疗养医学,5(3):9-10.
常艾,刘敏,李常陵.2015.探讨空气负离子浓度与气象条件的关系[J].北京农业,(6):116-117.
丛菁,孙立娟.2010.大连市负氧离子浓度分布及预测模型的建立[J].气象与环境学报,26(4):44-47.
冯鹏飞,于新文,张旭.2015.北京地区不同植被类型空气负离子浓度及其影响因素分析[J].生态环境学报,24(5):818-824.
胡喜生,柳冬香,洪伟,等.2012.福州市不同类型绿地空气负离子效应评价[J].农学学报,2(10):42-45.
黄建武,陶家元.2002.空气负离子资源开发与生态旅游[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),36(2):253-257.
黄彦柳,陈东辉,陆丹,等.2004.空气负离子与城市环境[J].干旱环境监测,18(4):208-211.
康志遥.1982.空气离子的生物效应与生理机制[J].自然杂志,5(1):843-845.
李陈贞,甘德欣,陈晓莹.2009.不同生态环境条件对空气负离子浓度的影响研究[J].现代农业科学,16(5):174-176.
李飞,兰泽民,胡天亮,等.1991.峨嵋山疗养区室外空气离子浓度状况测定[J].中华理疗杂志,(1):22-23.
李青山,刘军,狄有波,等.2008.北戴河空气负离子浓度测定与负离子评价标准[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,18(4):1-4.
梁诗,童庆宣,池敏杰.2010.城市植被对空气负离子的影响[J].亚热带植物科学,39(4):46-50.
林金明,宋冠群,赵丽霞.2006.环境、健康与负氧离子[M].北京:化学工业出版社:1-300.
刘新,吴林豪,张浩,等.2011.城市绿地植物群落空气负离子浓度及影响要素研究[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),50(2):206-212.
刘宇,董蓉,王晓立,等.2015.不同群落结构绿地空气负离子浓度与颗粒物的关系[J].江苏农业科学,4 3(11):465-467.
蒙晋佳,张燕.2005.地面上的空气负离子主要来源于植物的尖端放电[J].环境科学与技术,28(1):112-113.
倪军.2005.城市不同功能区典型下垫面空气离子与环境因子的相关研究--以上海徐汇区为例[D].上海:上海师范大学:(5):1-50.
任晓旭,陈勤娟,董建华,等.2016.杭州城区空气负离子特征及其与气象因子的关系[J].环境保护科学,42(3):109-112.
邵海荣,杜建军,单宏臣,等.2005.用空气负离子浓度对北京地区空气清洁度进行初步评价[J].北京林业大学学报,27(4):56-59.
石强,舒惠芳,钟林生,等.2004.森林游憩区空气负离子评价研究[J].林业科学,40(1):36-40.
谭远军,王恩,张鹏翀,等.2013.空气负离子时空变化及保健功能研究进展[J].北方园艺,37(9):208-211.
王非,李冰,周蕴薇.2016.城市森林公园空气负离子浓度与气象因子的相关性[J].东北林业大学学报,44(2):18-21.
王薇,余庄.2013.中国城市环境中空气负离子研究进展[J].生态环境学报,22(4):705-711.
王薇,张之秋.2014.城市住区空气负离子浓度时空变化及空气质量评价--以合肥市为例[J].生态环境学报,23(11):1783-1791.
王薇.2014.空气负离子浓度分布特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态环境学报,23(6):979-984.
韦朝领,王敬涛,蒋跃林,等.2006.合肥市不同生态功能区空气负离子浓度分布特征及其与气象因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,17(11):2158-2162.
闫秀婧.2010.青岛市森林与湿地负离子的空间分布特征[J].林业科学,46(6):66-69.
赵艳佩.2014.上海市环境空气负离子分布规律及其与影响因子的关联性研究[D].上海:上海师范大学:1-74.
周斌,余树全,张超,等.2011.不同树种林分对空气负离子浓度的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,28(2):200-206.
周志勇,匡秀英,沈瑞娟.1996.杭州景观疗养地空气负离子观测分析[J].中国疗养医学,5(3):9-10.