高效微生物除臭剂在畜禽粪便堆制中的应用效果及其除臭机理研究
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摘要
为探索治理畜禽粪便所产生恶臭气体对环境污染的新途径,本研究将筛选的数株高效除臭菌和纤维素分解菌群优化组合后制备成复合微生物除臭剂,研究其对畜禽粪便堆肥过程中的除臭效果和对堆肥物料特性的影响,定量分析不同阶段氮元素和硫元素的动态转化和损失途径,初步探讨其除臭机理。结果表明,复合微生物除臭剂具有高效除臭功能,在堆肥的前20d对氨气和硫化氢的去除率高达70%和60%以上,同时使堆肥的pH、含水率和C/N降低,堆体的温度上升时间加快,高温持续时间延长;猪粪和鸡粪在堆肥第25和20天堆体温度达到最高,高于50℃持续15和20d。堆肥结束时,与自然堆肥相比,微生物除臭剂减少了猪粪和鸡粪堆肥中25.84%和28.65%的氮元素损失,全氮(TN)和硝态氮(NO3--N)含量显著高于自然堆肥(P<0.05);同时促进硫元素向无机硫(SO42-)形式转化,SO42-含量显著高于自然堆肥(P<0.05)。表明该微生物除臭剂具有高效稳定的除臭作用,并能减少堆肥肥效损失,促进堆肥腐熟,在资源化、无害化处理畜牧业废弃物和治理环境污染方面具有较大的应用潜力。
To explore a new method of controlling environment pollution from malodorous gas produced by livestock manure,several previously isolated efficient deodorizing and cellulose-decomposing microbes strains were grouped optimally as a compound microbial deodorizer;their effects on odor and compost characteristics during livestock manure composting were assessed.The dynamic changes and emissions of nitrogen and sulfur were analyzed during composting to explore the deodorizing mechanisms of the compound mix.The results showed that the compound microbial mix had outstanding deodorization capability with increased removal rates of NH3and H2 S to 70% and 60%respectively in the first 20 days,reduced pH,moisture content and carbon-nitrogen ratio,rapidly improved stack temperature and extended high temperature period of compost.Stack temperature of pig manure and chicken manure reached the highest value after 25 and 20days respectively and the period above 50 ℃ was maintained for 15 and 20days,respectively.At the end of composting microbial deodorization reduced 25.84% and 28.65% N-loss of swine and chicken manure respectively and significantly increased(P<0.05)total nitrogen(TN)and nitrate nitrogen(NO-3-N)in composts compared with natural composts.The microbial deodorizer promoted sulfur transformation into inorganic sulfur(SO2-4)and significantly increased(P<0.05)the SO2-4content.These results suggested that microbial deodorizers were able to efficiently reduce odor,reduce nutrient losses and accelerated compost maturity of livestock manure,as well as help amelioration environmental pollution.
To explore a new method of controlling environment pollution from malodorous gas produced by livestock manure,several previously isolated efficient deodorizing and cellulose-decomposing microbes strains were grouped optimally as a compound microbial deodorizer;their effects on odor and compost characteristics during livestock manure composting were assessed.The dynamic changes and emissions of nitrogen and sulfur were analyzed during composting to explore the deodorizing mechanisms of the compound mix.The results showed that the compound microbial mix had outstanding deodorization capability with increased removal rates of NH3and H2 S to 70% and 60%respectively in the first 20 days,reduced pH,moisture content and carbon-nitrogen ratio,rapidly improved stack temperature and extended high temperature period of compost.Stack temperature of pig manure and chicken manure reached the highest value after 25 and 20days respectively and the period above 50 ℃ was maintained for 15 and 20days,respectively.At the end of composting microbial deodorization reduced 25.84% and 28.65% N-loss of swine and chicken manure respectively and significantly increased(P<0.05)total nitrogen(TN)and nitrate nitrogen(NO-3-N)in composts compared with natural composts.The microbial deodorizer promoted sulfur transformation into inorganic sulfur(SO2-4)and significantly increased(P<0.05)the SO2-4content.These results suggested that microbial deodorizers were able to efficiently reduce odor,reduce nutrient losses and accelerated compost maturity of livestock manure,as well as help amelioration environmental pollution.
引文
[1]Chen J,Zhao X J,Kuang Z S,et al.Study on animal slurry treatment by microorganism.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(28):9910-9911.
[2]Shi G H,Sun Z J,Gao J X,et al.Comprehensive assessment on sustainable development of livestock production.Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(5):909-912.
[3]Song C H,Li X M,Xi B D,et al.Characterisation of dissolved organic matter extracted from the bio-oxidative phase of cocomposting of biogas residues and livestock manure using spectroscopic techniques.International Biodeterioration Biodegradation,2015,103:38-50.
[4]Liu C M,Xu F H,Cao Y H,et al.Effect of deodorization microorganisms on release of NH3and H2S and matter transformation.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(3):585-590.
[5]Zhao H Y,Li J,Liu J J,et al.Microbial community dynamics during biogas slurry and cow manure compost.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2013,12(6):1087-1097.
[6]Ma Y Y,Li Y F,Cheng Y F,et al.Effects of different chemical treatments on fermentation characteristics of rice strawin vitro.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(3):350-355.
[7]Ye F X,Zhu R F,Ye Y F,et al.Preparation of complex microbial adsorbent for deodorization and its application to deodorization.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(8):254-257.
[8]Martinez C A,Nohalez A,Cuello C,et al.The use of mineral oil during in vitro maturation,fertilization,and embryo culture does not impair the developmental competence of pig oocytes.Theriogenology,2015,83:693-702.
[9]Jiang J S,Liu X L,Huang Y M,et al.Inoculation with nitrogen turnover bacterial agent appropriately increasing nitrogen and promoting maturity in pig manure composting.Waste Management,2015,39:78-85.
[10]Jurado M M,Suárez-Estrella F,Vargas-García M C,et al.Increasing native microbiota in lignocellulosic waste composting:Effects on process efficiency and final product maturity.Process Biochemistry,2014,49:1958-1969.
[11]Jiang C.Studies on Screening,Characterization and Identification of Efficient Deodorizing Microorganism[D].Shantou:Shantou University,2012.
[12]Li T S,Hu S B,Li C,et al.Preparation of complex microbial agent for pig manure and straw compost and application effect.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2013,22(6):183-189.
[13]Wu Y B,Wang Z S,Liao X D,et al.Study on the odor production and control of swine manure composting.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2001,17(5):82-87.
[14]Tejada M,García-Martínez A M,Parrado J.Relationships between biological and chemical parameters on the composting of a municipal solid waste.Bioresource Technology,2009,100:4062-4065.
[15]Li R Z.Livestock Environment Hygiene[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2011:230-238.
[16]Heaney C D,Wing S,Campbell R L,et al.Relation between malodor,ambient hydrogen sulfide,and health in a community bordering a landfill.Environmental Research,2011,111:847-852.
[17]Bao S D.Soil Agro-Chemistry Analysis[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005:156-187.
[18]Bao Y Y,Zhou Q X,Yan L,et al.Dynamic changes of nitrogen forms in livestock manure during composting and relevant evaluation indices of compost maturity.Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(2):374-380.
[19]Wang D W,Yao T,Yang Q L,et al.Screening and degradation characterization of efficient and stable cellulose degrading microbial communities.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):253-259.
[20]Pan I,Dam B,Sen S K.Composting of common organic wastes using microbial inoculants.Original Article,2012,2:127-134.
[21]Yang Q L,Yao T,Wang D W,et al.Screening of lignocellulose degrading microbial communities for their ability to deodorize livestock and poultry wastes.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(1):196-203.
[22]Yin D X,Liu W,Zhai N N,et al.Anaerobic digestion of pig and dairy manure under photo-dark fermentation condition.Bioresource Technology,2014,166:373-380.
[23]Zeng S,Li N H,Sheng H C,et al.Screening,combination of microbial deodorizer and the optimization of its deodorizing conditions.Environment Science,2015,36(1):259-265.
[24]Wang X,Selvam A,Chan M,et al.Nitrogen conservation and acidity control during food wastes composting through struvite formation.Bioresource Technology,2013,147:17-22.
[25]Jiang J S,Huang Y M,Huang H,et al.Carbon and nitrogen dynamics and stabilization time of a swine manure-straw compost.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(11):2511-2517.
[26]Kato C,Miura N,Tabuchi H,et al.Evaluation of maturity of poultry manure compost by phospholipid fatty acids analysis.Original Article,2005,41:399-410.
[27]Qian X Y,Shen G X,Huang L H,et al.An index system for evaluating the maturity of animal manure composting.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(3):549-554.
[28]Vargas-García M C,Suárez-Estrella F,López M J,et al.Microbial population dynamics and enzyme activities in composting processes with different starting materials.Waste Management,2010,30:771-778.
[29]Wang P,Changa C M,Watson M E,et al.Maturity indices for composted dairy and pig manures.Soil Biology Biochemistry,2004,36:767-776.
[30]Nolan T,Troy S M,Healy M G,et al.Characterization of compost produced from separated pig manure and a variety of bulking agents at low initial C/N ratios.Bioresource Technology,2011,102:7131-7138.
[31]Frederick C,Michel J,John A,et al.Mass and nutrient losses during the composting of dairy manure amended with sawdust or straw.Compost Science Utilization,2004,12(4):323-334.
[32]Morgan-Sagastume J M,Noyola A.Hydrogen sulfide removal by compost biofiltration:Effect of mixing the filter media on operational factors.Bioresource Technology,2006,97:1546-1553.
[33]Jiang X,Luo Y Q,Yan R,et al.Impact of substrates acclimation strategy on simultaneous biodegradation of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia.Bioresource Technology,2009,100:5707-5713.
[34]Du Y,Fang Y,Shen D S,et al.Review on pollution control technologies of hydrogen sulfide odor in landfill.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(Supp.1):269-275.
[1]陈杰,赵祥杰,邝哲师,等.利用微生物处理畜禽粪便的研究.安徽农业科学,2014,42(28):9910-9911.
[2]史光华,孙振钧,高吉喜,等.畜牧业可持续发展的综合评价.应用生态学报,2004,15(5):909-912.
[4]刘春梅,徐凤花,曹艳花,等.除臭菌株对NH3和H2S释放及物质转化的影响.农业环境科学学报,2011,30(3):585-590.
[6]马艳艳,李袁飞,成艳芬,等.不同化学处理对稻草体外发酵动态变化的影响.草业学报,2014,23(3):350-355.
[7]叶芬霞,朱瑞芬,叶央芳,等.复合微生物吸附除臭剂的制备及其除臭应用.农业工程学报,2008,24(8):254-257.
[11]江晨.高效除臭微生物的筛选、特性研究及其鉴定[D].汕头:汕头大学,2012.
[12]李天枢,呼世斌,李辰,等.猪粪秸秆堆肥复合微生物菌剂的制备及应用效果.西北农业学报,2013,22(6):183-189.
[13]吴银宝,汪植三,廖新俤,等.猪粪堆肥臭气产生与调控的研究.农业工程学报,2001,17(5):82-87.
[15]李如治.家畜环境微生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:230-238.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:156-187.
[18]鲍艳宇,周启星,颜丽,等.畜禽粪便堆肥过程中各种氮化合物的动态变化及腐熟度评价指标.应用生态学报,2008,19(2):374-380.
[19]王得武,姚拓,杨巧丽,等.高效稳定纤维素分解菌群筛选及其分解特性研究.草业学报,2014,23(2):253-259.
[21]杨巧丽,姚拓,王得武,等.木质纤维分解菌群筛选及其对秸秆分解与畜禽粪便除臭能力评价.草业学报,2015,24(1):196-203.
[23]曾苏,李南华,盛洪产,等.微生物除臭剂的筛选、复配及其除臭条件的优化.环境科学,2015,36(1):259-265.
[25]姜继韶,黄懿梅,黄华,等.猪粪秸秆高温堆肥过程中碳氮转化特征与堆肥周期探讨.环境科学学报,2011,31(11):2511-2517.
[27]钱晓雍,沈根祥,黄丽华,等.畜禽粪便堆肥腐熟度评价指标体系研究.农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):549-554.
[34]杜耀,方圆,沈东升,等.填埋场中硫化氢恶臭污染防治技术研究进展.农业工程学报,2015,31(增刊1):269-275.
[2]Shi G H,Sun Z J,Gao J X,et al.Comprehensive assessment on sustainable development of livestock production.Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(5):909-912.
[3]Song C H,Li X M,Xi B D,et al.Characterisation of dissolved organic matter extracted from the bio-oxidative phase of cocomposting of biogas residues and livestock manure using spectroscopic techniques.International Biodeterioration Biodegradation,2015,103:38-50.
[4]Liu C M,Xu F H,Cao Y H,et al.Effect of deodorization microorganisms on release of NH3and H2S and matter transformation.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(3):585-590.
[5]Zhao H Y,Li J,Liu J J,et al.Microbial community dynamics during biogas slurry and cow manure compost.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2013,12(6):1087-1097.
[6]Ma Y Y,Li Y F,Cheng Y F,et al.Effects of different chemical treatments on fermentation characteristics of rice strawin vitro.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(3):350-355.
[7]Ye F X,Zhu R F,Ye Y F,et al.Preparation of complex microbial adsorbent for deodorization and its application to deodorization.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(8):254-257.
[8]Martinez C A,Nohalez A,Cuello C,et al.The use of mineral oil during in vitro maturation,fertilization,and embryo culture does not impair the developmental competence of pig oocytes.Theriogenology,2015,83:693-702.
[9]Jiang J S,Liu X L,Huang Y M,et al.Inoculation with nitrogen turnover bacterial agent appropriately increasing nitrogen and promoting maturity in pig manure composting.Waste Management,2015,39:78-85.
[10]Jurado M M,Suárez-Estrella F,Vargas-García M C,et al.Increasing native microbiota in lignocellulosic waste composting:Effects on process efficiency and final product maturity.Process Biochemistry,2014,49:1958-1969.
[11]Jiang C.Studies on Screening,Characterization and Identification of Efficient Deodorizing Microorganism[D].Shantou:Shantou University,2012.
[12]Li T S,Hu S B,Li C,et al.Preparation of complex microbial agent for pig manure and straw compost and application effect.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2013,22(6):183-189.
[13]Wu Y B,Wang Z S,Liao X D,et al.Study on the odor production and control of swine manure composting.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2001,17(5):82-87.
[14]Tejada M,García-Martínez A M,Parrado J.Relationships between biological and chemical parameters on the composting of a municipal solid waste.Bioresource Technology,2009,100:4062-4065.
[15]Li R Z.Livestock Environment Hygiene[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2011:230-238.
[16]Heaney C D,Wing S,Campbell R L,et al.Relation between malodor,ambient hydrogen sulfide,and health in a community bordering a landfill.Environmental Research,2011,111:847-852.
[17]Bao S D.Soil Agro-Chemistry Analysis[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005:156-187.
[18]Bao Y Y,Zhou Q X,Yan L,et al.Dynamic changes of nitrogen forms in livestock manure during composting and relevant evaluation indices of compost maturity.Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(2):374-380.
[19]Wang D W,Yao T,Yang Q L,et al.Screening and degradation characterization of efficient and stable cellulose degrading microbial communities.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):253-259.
[20]Pan I,Dam B,Sen S K.Composting of common organic wastes using microbial inoculants.Original Article,2012,2:127-134.
[21]Yang Q L,Yao T,Wang D W,et al.Screening of lignocellulose degrading microbial communities for their ability to deodorize livestock and poultry wastes.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(1):196-203.
[22]Yin D X,Liu W,Zhai N N,et al.Anaerobic digestion of pig and dairy manure under photo-dark fermentation condition.Bioresource Technology,2014,166:373-380.
[23]Zeng S,Li N H,Sheng H C,et al.Screening,combination of microbial deodorizer and the optimization of its deodorizing conditions.Environment Science,2015,36(1):259-265.
[24]Wang X,Selvam A,Chan M,et al.Nitrogen conservation and acidity control during food wastes composting through struvite formation.Bioresource Technology,2013,147:17-22.
[25]Jiang J S,Huang Y M,Huang H,et al.Carbon and nitrogen dynamics and stabilization time of a swine manure-straw compost.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(11):2511-2517.
[26]Kato C,Miura N,Tabuchi H,et al.Evaluation of maturity of poultry manure compost by phospholipid fatty acids analysis.Original Article,2005,41:399-410.
[27]Qian X Y,Shen G X,Huang L H,et al.An index system for evaluating the maturity of animal manure composting.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(3):549-554.
[28]Vargas-García M C,Suárez-Estrella F,López M J,et al.Microbial population dynamics and enzyme activities in composting processes with different starting materials.Waste Management,2010,30:771-778.
[29]Wang P,Changa C M,Watson M E,et al.Maturity indices for composted dairy and pig manures.Soil Biology Biochemistry,2004,36:767-776.
[30]Nolan T,Troy S M,Healy M G,et al.Characterization of compost produced from separated pig manure and a variety of bulking agents at low initial C/N ratios.Bioresource Technology,2011,102:7131-7138.
[31]Frederick C,Michel J,John A,et al.Mass and nutrient losses during the composting of dairy manure amended with sawdust or straw.Compost Science Utilization,2004,12(4):323-334.
[32]Morgan-Sagastume J M,Noyola A.Hydrogen sulfide removal by compost biofiltration:Effect of mixing the filter media on operational factors.Bioresource Technology,2006,97:1546-1553.
[33]Jiang X,Luo Y Q,Yan R,et al.Impact of substrates acclimation strategy on simultaneous biodegradation of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia.Bioresource Technology,2009,100:5707-5713.
[34]Du Y,Fang Y,Shen D S,et al.Review on pollution control technologies of hydrogen sulfide odor in landfill.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(Supp.1):269-275.
[1]陈杰,赵祥杰,邝哲师,等.利用微生物处理畜禽粪便的研究.安徽农业科学,2014,42(28):9910-9911.
[2]史光华,孙振钧,高吉喜,等.畜牧业可持续发展的综合评价.应用生态学报,2004,15(5):909-912.
[4]刘春梅,徐凤花,曹艳花,等.除臭菌株对NH3和H2S释放及物质转化的影响.农业环境科学学报,2011,30(3):585-590.
[6]马艳艳,李袁飞,成艳芬,等.不同化学处理对稻草体外发酵动态变化的影响.草业学报,2014,23(3):350-355.
[7]叶芬霞,朱瑞芬,叶央芳,等.复合微生物吸附除臭剂的制备及其除臭应用.农业工程学报,2008,24(8):254-257.
[11]江晨.高效除臭微生物的筛选、特性研究及其鉴定[D].汕头:汕头大学,2012.
[12]李天枢,呼世斌,李辰,等.猪粪秸秆堆肥复合微生物菌剂的制备及应用效果.西北农业学报,2013,22(6):183-189.
[13]吴银宝,汪植三,廖新俤,等.猪粪堆肥臭气产生与调控的研究.农业工程学报,2001,17(5):82-87.
[15]李如治.家畜环境微生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:230-238.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:156-187.
[18]鲍艳宇,周启星,颜丽,等.畜禽粪便堆肥过程中各种氮化合物的动态变化及腐熟度评价指标.应用生态学报,2008,19(2):374-380.
[19]王得武,姚拓,杨巧丽,等.高效稳定纤维素分解菌群筛选及其分解特性研究.草业学报,2014,23(2):253-259.
[21]杨巧丽,姚拓,王得武,等.木质纤维分解菌群筛选及其对秸秆分解与畜禽粪便除臭能力评价.草业学报,2015,24(1):196-203.
[23]曾苏,李南华,盛洪产,等.微生物除臭剂的筛选、复配及其除臭条件的优化.环境科学,2015,36(1):259-265.
[25]姜继韶,黄懿梅,黄华,等.猪粪秸秆高温堆肥过程中碳氮转化特征与堆肥周期探讨.环境科学学报,2011,31(11):2511-2517.
[27]钱晓雍,沈根祥,黄丽华,等.畜禽粪便堆肥腐熟度评价指标体系研究.农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):549-554.
[34]杜耀,方圆,沈东升,等.填埋场中硫化氢恶臭污染防治技术研究进展.农业工程学报,2015,31(增刊1):269-275.