镜质体、海相镜质体和镜质体反射率及其研究实例
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摘要
镜质体是一种由高等植物木质素经过生物化学降解作用和凝胶化作用形成的胶状体,在煤和炭质泥页岩中含量高,仅出现在志留纪及其以后的地层中。此外,还有一种海相镜质体,主要由海洋低等生物(藻类、菌类及某些海洋低等动物)经腐殖化作用而形成,主要存在于早古生代及晚古生代页岩和碳酸盐岩地层中。研究表明,海相镜质体反射率(R~o_m)可作为成熟度指标加以应用。海相镜质体成熟作用轨迹不同于镜质体,二者存在一定的相关关系,使用时需把海相镜质体反射率换算为镜质体反射率(R_o)。镜质体反射率是一个寻找隐伏岩体的好方法,作者采用镜质体反射率方法对铜陵地区开展了研究,初步结果表明,铜陵地区全部数值均超过地热增温率理论曲线,说明铜陵地区深部可能有较大的隐伏岩体,深度大约在4~5 km左右。此外,在ZK113号钻孔深度200~260 m处R_o很高(>2%~3%),可能预示钻孔旁侧有规模较小的隐伏侵入体,推测距钻孔距离不超过100 m,但具体方位不详。上述研究表明采用镜质体反射率方法寻找隐伏岩体是可行的,它的最大优点是解释的唯一性,R_o数值仅与温度有关,不受其他因素的干扰。
Vitrinite is a colloid formed by biochemical degradation and gelation of higher plant lignin, which is high in coal and carbonaceous shale and appears only in strata younger than Silurian. Marine vitrinite is a special vitrinite resulted from humification of the marine lower organisms(algae, fungi and some marine animals), which is mainly found in the Early Paleozoic and Late Paleozoic shale and carbonate rocks. Studies show that marine vitrinite reflectance can be used as indices of maturity. The maturation pathway of marine vitrinite is different from common vitrinite, however, there is correlation between the marine vitrinite reflectance and those of the common vitrinite. In the Tongling region, R_o values of vitrinite reflectance are all over the theoretical geothermal warming rate curve, indicative of large pluton buried about 4-5 km beneath. In addition, R_o is fairly high(>2%-3%) at 200-260 m depth of ZK113 which indicates that there may be small hidden intrusions around the drilling, the distance from borehole is no more than 100 m, but the specific location is unknown. The study showed that vitrinite reflectance is a feasible method of looking for hidden pluton, and the advantage of this approach is that R_o values are only temperature sensitive.
Vitrinite is a colloid formed by biochemical degradation and gelation of higher plant lignin, which is high in coal and carbonaceous shale and appears only in strata younger than Silurian. Marine vitrinite is a special vitrinite resulted from humification of the marine lower organisms(algae, fungi and some marine animals), which is mainly found in the Early Paleozoic and Late Paleozoic shale and carbonate rocks. Studies show that marine vitrinite reflectance can be used as indices of maturity. The maturation pathway of marine vitrinite is different from common vitrinite, however, there is correlation between the marine vitrinite reflectance and those of the common vitrinite. In the Tongling region, R_o values of vitrinite reflectance are all over the theoretical geothermal warming rate curve, indicative of large pluton buried about 4-5 km beneath. In addition, R_o is fairly high(>2%-3%) at 200-260 m depth of ZK113 which indicates that there may be small hidden intrusions around the drilling, the distance from borehole is no more than 100 m, but the specific location is unknown. The study showed that vitrinite reflectance is a feasible method of looking for hidden pluton, and the advantage of this approach is that R_o values are only temperature sensitive.
引文
程本合,曹忠祥.2000.用镜质体反射率资料恢复热史的相关问题及处理方法.中国海上油气(地质),14(3):210-213.
蒋国豪,胡瑞忠,方维萱.2001.镜质体反射率(Ro)推算古地温研究进展.地质地球化学,29(4):40-44.
焦守涛,张旗,金维浚,王金荣,陈万峰,李承东,邵国良.2016.介绍一种寻找隐伏岩体的好方法:岩浆热场法.岩石学报,32(2):617-628.
金维浚,张旗,焦守涛.2015.寻找隐伏岩体的新方法:镜质体反射率法.地球物理学进展,30(5):2171-2175.
刘祖发,肖贤明.1999.海相镜质体反射率用作早古生代烃源岩成熟度指标研究.地球化学,28(6):580-588.
秦婧,钟宁宁,齐雯,张彦起,罗情勇.2010.华北北部洪水庄组有机岩石学.石油与天然气地质,31(3):367-374.
秦胜飞,秦勇.1997.海相碳酸盐岩有机岩石学研究若干进展.中国海上油气(地质),11(4):254-260.
王玮,周祖翼,于鹏.2005.镜质体反射率与最高温度及其附近温度变化率的关系--几种镜质体反射率计算模型的比较.地球物理学报,48(6):1375-1383.
肖贤明,刘德汉,傅家谟.1997.海相镜质体--海相烃源岩中一种重要生烃母质.石油学报,18(1):44-48.
徐立恒,陈践发,卢双舫,马广宇,李吉君.2008a.应用生烃动力学法研究川东上二叠统烃源岩生烃史.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),38(4):594-599.
徐立恒,卢双舫,陈践发,李吉君,马广宇,李玲.2008b.徐家围子断陷深层烃源岩生气评价.石油学报,29(6):846-852.
杨起,潘治贵,翁成敏,苏玉春,汪正平.1987.区域岩浆热变质作用及其对我国煤质的影响.现代地质,1(1):123-130.
曾凡刚,程克明.2000.下古生界海相碳酸盐岩干酪根成熟度研究方法.地学前缘,7(S2):249-255.
张旗,金惟浚,李承东,焦守涛.2015a.岩浆热场与热液多金属成矿作用.地质科学,50(1):1-29.
张旗,金维浚,李承东,王金荣,焦守涛,陈万峰.2015b.利用镜质体反射率方法寻找隐伏岩体--岩浆热场应用的一个实例.大地构造与成矿学,39(6):1094-1107.
钟宁宁,秦勇.1995.碳酸盐岩有机岩石学.北京:科学出版社:26-30.
Barker C E and Goldstein R H.1990.Fluid-inclusion technique for determining maximum temperature in calcite and its comparison to the vitrinite reflectance geothermometer.Geology,18(10):1003-1006.
Barker C E and Pawlewicz M J.1994.Calculation of vitrinite reflectance from thermal histories and peak temperatures.A comparison of methods//Mukhopadhyay P K and Dow W G.Vitrinite Reflectance As A Maturity Parameter:Applications and Limitations.American Chemical Society,Washingtong DC:216-229.
Barker C E and Pawlewiez M J.1986.The correlation of vitrinite reflectance with maximum temperature in humic organic matter.Lecture Notes in Earth Science,5:79-81.
Boudou J P,Schimmelmann A,Ader M,Mastalerz M,Sebilo M and Gengembre L.2008.Organic nitrogen chemistry during low-grade metamorphism.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,72(4):1199-1221.
Buchardt B,Clausen J and Thomsen E.1986.Carbon isotope composition of Lower Palaeozoic kerogen:Effects of maturation.Organic Geochemistry,10(1):127-134.
Buchardt B and Lewan M D.1990.Reflectance of vitrinitelike macerals as a thermal maturity index for CambrianOrdovician Alum shale,southern Scandinavia.AAPGBulletin,74(4):394-406.
Fowler M G and Douglas A G.1984.Distribution and structure of hydrocarbons in four organic-rich Ordovician rocks.Organic Geochemistry,6(84):105-114.
Glikson M,Taylor D and Morris D.1992.Lower Palaeozoic and Precambrian petroleum source rocks and the coalification path of alginite.Organic Geochemistry,18(6):881-897.
Kisch H J.1980.Incipient metamorphism of CambroSilurian clastic rocks from the J?mtland Supergroup,Central Scandinavian Caledonides,Western Sweden:Illite crystallinity and'vitrinite'reflectance.Journal of the Geological Society,137(3):271-288.
Lewan M D,Spiro B,Illich H,Raiswell R,Mackenzie A S,Durand B and De Leeuw J W.1985.Evaluation of petroleum generation by hydrous pyrolysis experimentation and discussion.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,315(1531):123-134.
Mullis J,Wolf M and Ferreiro Mhlmann R.2001.Temperature determination through fluid inclusion microthermometry and vitrinite reflectance values in the Diagenetic-and Anchi-Zones.Journal of Conference Abstracts European Geosciences Union,XI.6:230.
蒋国豪,胡瑞忠,方维萱.2001.镜质体反射率(Ro)推算古地温研究进展.地质地球化学,29(4):40-44.
焦守涛,张旗,金维浚,王金荣,陈万峰,李承东,邵国良.2016.介绍一种寻找隐伏岩体的好方法:岩浆热场法.岩石学报,32(2):617-628.
金维浚,张旗,焦守涛.2015.寻找隐伏岩体的新方法:镜质体反射率法.地球物理学进展,30(5):2171-2175.
刘祖发,肖贤明.1999.海相镜质体反射率用作早古生代烃源岩成熟度指标研究.地球化学,28(6):580-588.
秦婧,钟宁宁,齐雯,张彦起,罗情勇.2010.华北北部洪水庄组有机岩石学.石油与天然气地质,31(3):367-374.
秦胜飞,秦勇.1997.海相碳酸盐岩有机岩石学研究若干进展.中国海上油气(地质),11(4):254-260.
王玮,周祖翼,于鹏.2005.镜质体反射率与最高温度及其附近温度变化率的关系--几种镜质体反射率计算模型的比较.地球物理学报,48(6):1375-1383.
肖贤明,刘德汉,傅家谟.1997.海相镜质体--海相烃源岩中一种重要生烃母质.石油学报,18(1):44-48.
徐立恒,陈践发,卢双舫,马广宇,李吉君.2008a.应用生烃动力学法研究川东上二叠统烃源岩生烃史.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),38(4):594-599.
徐立恒,卢双舫,陈践发,李吉君,马广宇,李玲.2008b.徐家围子断陷深层烃源岩生气评价.石油学报,29(6):846-852.
杨起,潘治贵,翁成敏,苏玉春,汪正平.1987.区域岩浆热变质作用及其对我国煤质的影响.现代地质,1(1):123-130.
曾凡刚,程克明.2000.下古生界海相碳酸盐岩干酪根成熟度研究方法.地学前缘,7(S2):249-255.
张旗,金惟浚,李承东,焦守涛.2015a.岩浆热场与热液多金属成矿作用.地质科学,50(1):1-29.
张旗,金维浚,李承东,王金荣,焦守涛,陈万峰.2015b.利用镜质体反射率方法寻找隐伏岩体--岩浆热场应用的一个实例.大地构造与成矿学,39(6):1094-1107.
钟宁宁,秦勇.1995.碳酸盐岩有机岩石学.北京:科学出版社:26-30.
Barker C E and Goldstein R H.1990.Fluid-inclusion technique for determining maximum temperature in calcite and its comparison to the vitrinite reflectance geothermometer.Geology,18(10):1003-1006.
Barker C E and Pawlewicz M J.1994.Calculation of vitrinite reflectance from thermal histories and peak temperatures.A comparison of methods//Mukhopadhyay P K and Dow W G.Vitrinite Reflectance As A Maturity Parameter:Applications and Limitations.American Chemical Society,Washingtong DC:216-229.
Barker C E and Pawlewiez M J.1986.The correlation of vitrinite reflectance with maximum temperature in humic organic matter.Lecture Notes in Earth Science,5:79-81.
Boudou J P,Schimmelmann A,Ader M,Mastalerz M,Sebilo M and Gengembre L.2008.Organic nitrogen chemistry during low-grade metamorphism.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,72(4):1199-1221.
Buchardt B,Clausen J and Thomsen E.1986.Carbon isotope composition of Lower Palaeozoic kerogen:Effects of maturation.Organic Geochemistry,10(1):127-134.
Buchardt B and Lewan M D.1990.Reflectance of vitrinitelike macerals as a thermal maturity index for CambrianOrdovician Alum shale,southern Scandinavia.AAPGBulletin,74(4):394-406.
Fowler M G and Douglas A G.1984.Distribution and structure of hydrocarbons in four organic-rich Ordovician rocks.Organic Geochemistry,6(84):105-114.
Glikson M,Taylor D and Morris D.1992.Lower Palaeozoic and Precambrian petroleum source rocks and the coalification path of alginite.Organic Geochemistry,18(6):881-897.
Kisch H J.1980.Incipient metamorphism of CambroSilurian clastic rocks from the J?mtland Supergroup,Central Scandinavian Caledonides,Western Sweden:Illite crystallinity and'vitrinite'reflectance.Journal of the Geological Society,137(3):271-288.
Lewan M D,Spiro B,Illich H,Raiswell R,Mackenzie A S,Durand B and De Leeuw J W.1985.Evaluation of petroleum generation by hydrous pyrolysis experimentation and discussion.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,315(1531):123-134.
Mullis J,Wolf M and Ferreiro Mhlmann R.2001.Temperature determination through fluid inclusion microthermometry and vitrinite reflectance values in the Diagenetic-and Anchi-Zones.Journal of Conference Abstracts European Geosciences Union,XI.6:230.