中国西北地区禾谷类条锈菌群体的毒性结构分析
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摘要
为明确中国西北地区大麦条锈菌群体的毒性结构及其与小麦条锈菌的交流程度,采用"Flor基因对基因"假说,对采自甘肃省的398份小麦条锈菌标样和采自甘肃、青海及四川省的67份大麦条锈菌标样进行毒性测定、致病类群及专化型分析,同时对侵染大麦的小麦条锈菌标样进行致病范围测定。结果表明,大麦条锈菌与小麦条锈菌对17个小麦条锈病近等基因系材料均致病,其中,小麦条锈菌对近等基因系的13个抗性基因的毒性频率在56.82%及以上,而大麦条锈菌仅对1个抗性基因的毒性频率达到56.82%以上。通过对2个条锈菌专化型群体进行致病类群分析,发现二者都含有贵农22、水源11、杂46及中四致病类群,表明大麦条锈菌与小麦条锈菌的毒性结构有较大差异,但2个专化型之间有毒性交流,贵农22类群在小麦条锈菌和大麦条锈菌专化型群体中均占第一位。利用100份甘肃省小麦条锈菌对大麦进行致病性测定,发现有10.00%的小麦条锈菌能够侵染西北地区的大麦主栽品种。
In order to determine the virulence constitution of stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f.sp. hordei(PSD) and the communication between Puccinia striiformis West(PST) and PSD, the virulence constitution of PST and PSD from northwestern China was analyzed. A total of 398 isolates of PST were collected from Gansu Province, and 67 isolates of PSD were collected from Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan provinces. These isolates were investigated with virulence tests, analysis of pathotype and forma specialis and determination of pathogenic range of PST infecting barley cultivars. The results showed that both PSD and PST could infect 17 near-isogenic lines(NIL) of wheat strip rust; the virulence frequency of PST was ≥56.82% for 13 resistant genes, but the virulence frequency of PSD was above 56.82% for only one resistant gene. There were four pathogenic groups including SU11, G22,HY46 and Zhong 4 in both PSD and PST according to the analysis of pathogenic groups. The results indicated that the difference in the virulence constitutions between PSD and PST was significant, and there was communication between them. Group G22 was the biggest virulence group in PST and PSD.This study found that 10.00% of PST infected major barley cultivars according to the pathogenic testing with 100 isolates of PST from Gansu Province for major barley seeding varieties in northwestern China.
In order to determine the virulence constitution of stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f.sp. hordei(PSD) and the communication between Puccinia striiformis West(PST) and PSD, the virulence constitution of PST and PSD from northwestern China was analyzed. A total of 398 isolates of PST were collected from Gansu Province, and 67 isolates of PSD were collected from Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan provinces. These isolates were investigated with virulence tests, analysis of pathotype and forma specialis and determination of pathogenic range of PST infecting barley cultivars. The results showed that both PSD and PST could infect 17 near-isogenic lines(NIL) of wheat strip rust; the virulence frequency of PST was ≥56.82% for 13 resistant genes, but the virulence frequency of PSD was above 56.82% for only one resistant gene. There were four pathogenic groups including SU11, G22,HY46 and Zhong 4 in both PSD and PST according to the analysis of pathogenic groups. The results indicated that the difference in the virulence constitutions between PSD and PST was significant, and there was communication between them. Group G22 was the biggest virulence group in PST and PSD.This study found that 10.00% of PST infected major barley cultivars according to the pathogenic testing with 100 isolates of PST from Gansu Province for major barley seeding varieties in northwestern China.
引文
Holtz MD,Kumar K,Zantinge JL,Xi K.2014.Genetic diversity of Puccinia striiformis from cereals in Alberta,Canada.Plant Pathology,63(2):415-424
Huang J,Cao SQ,Jia QZ,Zhang B,Luo HS,Jin SL.2012.A preliminary analysis of pathogenicity of barley stripe rust strains Q1 and Q2.Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology,(6):3-5(in Chinese)[黄瑾,曹世勤,贾秋珍,张勃,骆惠生,金社林.2012.大麦条锈菌菌株Q1、Q2致病性初步分析.甘肃农业科技,6:3-5]
Jia QZ,Huang J,Cao SQ,Zhang B,Wang XM,Jin SL.2012.Discovery of new stripe rust strain infected to China’s major wheat resistant material Guinong 22 and its preliminary pathogenicity analysis.Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology,(1):3-5(in Chinese)[贾秋珍,黄瑾,曹世勤,张勃,王晓明,金社林.2012.感染我国重要小麦抗源材料贵农22的条锈菌新菌系的发现及致病性初步分析.甘肃农业科技,(1):3-5]
Jin Y.2011.Role of Berberis spp.as alternate hosts in generating new races of Puccinia graminis and P.striiformis.Euphytica,179:105-108
Kang ZS,Zhao J,Wang ZY,Huang LL.2015.The study progress of sexual reproduction and virulence variation of Puccinia striiformis West.f.sp.tritici.//The 6th Meeting of Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Wheat.Beijing:The Crop Science Society of China(in Chinese)[康振生,赵杰,王志艳,黄丽丽.2015.小麦条锈菌有性生殖与毒性变异的研究进展.//第六届全国小麦基因组学及分子育种大会论文集.北京:中国作物学会]
Li YK,Huang MM,Jia QZ,Huang J,Cao SQ,Zhang B,Sun ZY,Wang XM,Jin SL.2016.Identification of forma specialis of barley stripe rust and pathogenicity analysis.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,51(3):89-94(in Chinese)[李亚凯,黄苗苗,贾秋珍,黄瑾,曹世勤,张勃,孙振宇,王晓明,金社林.2016.大麦条锈菌专化型鉴定及其致病性初步分析.甘肃农业大学学报,51(3):89-94]
Li ZQ,Zeng SM.2002.Wheat rusts in China.Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Press,pp.34-37(in Chinese)[李振岐,曾士迈.2002.中国小麦锈病.北京:中国农业出版社,pp.34-37]
Lin XM,Li ZQ,Shang HS,Kang ZS.1988.A brief report on the strip rust of barley.Acta Universitatis Agriculturalis Boreali-Occidentalis,16(2):91-92(in Chinese)[林晓民,李振岐,商鸿生,康振生.1988.大麦条锈病研究简报.西北农业大学学报,16(2):91-92]
Little R,Manners JG.1969.Somatic recombination in yellow rust of wheat(Puccinia striiformis):I.The production and possible origin of two new physiologic races.Transactions of the British Mycological Society 53(2):251-258
Mcintosh RA,Wellings CR,Park RF.1995.Wheat rusts:an atlas of resistance genes.Dordrecht,The Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers
Newton AC,Johnson R,Caten CE.1986.Attempted somatic hybridization of Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici and P.striiformis f.sp.hordei.Plant Pathology,35(1):108-113
Niu YC,Li ZQ,Shang HS.1991a.Puccinia striiformis West.f.sp.leymi and f.sp.elymi,two new formae speciales.Journal of Northwest A&F University,19(S1):58-62(in Chinese)[牛永春,李振岐,商鸿生.1991a.条形柄锈菌赖草专化型和披碱草专化型.西北农业大学学报,19(S1):58-62]
Niu YC,Li ZQ,Shang HS.1991b.The new discovery on geographic distribution of Puccinia striiformis West.f.sp.hordei in China.Acta Universitatis Agriculturalis Boreali-Occidentalis,19(S1):63-65(in Chinese)[牛永春,李振岐,商鸿生.1991b.条形柄锈菌大麦专化型分布区域的新发现.西北农业大学学报,19(S1):63-65]
Niu YC,Li ZQ,Shang HS.1994.On the physiological specialization of barley strip rust in China.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,24(3):95-98(in Chinese)[牛永春,李振岐,商鸿生.1994.我国大麦条锈病菌的生理分化.植物病理学报,24(3):95-98]
Wang ZH.1992a.On the evolution of the barley yellow rust pathosystem in Tibet.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,22(2):151155(in Chinese)[王宗华.1992a.西藏青稞与条锈菌互作系统演化特点初探.植物病理学报,22(2):151-155]
Wang ZH.1992b.Regional epidemics of strip rust on barley and wheat in Tibet.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,5(2):79-85(in Chinese)[王宗华.1992b.西藏大、小麦条锈病区域流行规律.西南农业学报,5(2):79-85]
Wang ZH,Peng YL,Yangjinlamu,Dazhen.1989a.Difference of pathogenicity between isolates of barley-attacking and wheat-attacking forms of Puccinia striiformis with special reference to the deviation of disease development.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,19(3):161-165(in Chinese)[王宗华,彭云良,央金拉姆,达珍.1989a.西藏地区大麦条锈病菌和小麦条锈病菌致病性差异及发病的差异.植物病理学报,19(3):161-165]
Wang ZH,Yangjinlamu,Dazhen,Peng YL.1989b.A research on physiofic specialization of Puccinia striiformis f.sp.hordei in Tibet.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2(3):57-60(in Chinese)[王宗华,央金拉姆,达珍,彭云良.1989b.西藏条锈菌大麦专化型生理专化研究.西南农业学报,2(3):57-60]
Zhang B,Jia QZ,Huang J,Cao SQ,Sun ZY,Luo HS,Wang XM,Jin SL.2015.Trends and toxicity analysis of new strains G22-9 and G22-14 in Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,24(7):125-130(in Chinese)[张勃,贾秋珍,黄瑾,曹世勤,孙振宇,骆惠生,王晓明,金社林.2015.小麦条锈菌新菌系贵22-9和贵22-14发展趋势与毒性分析.西北农业学报,24(7):125-130]
Zhao J,Wang MN,Chen XM,Kang ZS.2016.Role of alternate hosts in epidemiology and pathogen variation of cereal rusts.Annual Review of Phytopathology,54:207-228
Zhao J,Zhao SL,Peng YL,Qin JF,Huang LL,Kang ZS.2016.Investigation on geographic distribution and identification of six Berberis spp.serving as alternate host for Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici in Linzhi,Tibet.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,46(1):103-111(in Chinese)[赵杰,赵世垒,彭岳林,覃剑锋,黄丽丽,康振生.2016.林芝地区小麦条锈菌转主寄主小檗的鉴定与分布.植物病理学报,46(1):103-111]
Huang J,Cao SQ,Jia QZ,Zhang B,Luo HS,Jin SL.2012.A preliminary analysis of pathogenicity of barley stripe rust strains Q1 and Q2.Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology,(6):3-5(in Chinese)[黄瑾,曹世勤,贾秋珍,张勃,骆惠生,金社林.2012.大麦条锈菌菌株Q1、Q2致病性初步分析.甘肃农业科技,6:3-5]
Jia QZ,Huang J,Cao SQ,Zhang B,Wang XM,Jin SL.2012.Discovery of new stripe rust strain infected to China’s major wheat resistant material Guinong 22 and its preliminary pathogenicity analysis.Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology,(1):3-5(in Chinese)[贾秋珍,黄瑾,曹世勤,张勃,王晓明,金社林.2012.感染我国重要小麦抗源材料贵农22的条锈菌新菌系的发现及致病性初步分析.甘肃农业科技,(1):3-5]
Jin Y.2011.Role of Berberis spp.as alternate hosts in generating new races of Puccinia graminis and P.striiformis.Euphytica,179:105-108
Kang ZS,Zhao J,Wang ZY,Huang LL.2015.The study progress of sexual reproduction and virulence variation of Puccinia striiformis West.f.sp.tritici.//The 6th Meeting of Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Wheat.Beijing:The Crop Science Society of China(in Chinese)[康振生,赵杰,王志艳,黄丽丽.2015.小麦条锈菌有性生殖与毒性变异的研究进展.//第六届全国小麦基因组学及分子育种大会论文集.北京:中国作物学会]
Li YK,Huang MM,Jia QZ,Huang J,Cao SQ,Zhang B,Sun ZY,Wang XM,Jin SL.2016.Identification of forma specialis of barley stripe rust and pathogenicity analysis.Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,51(3):89-94(in Chinese)[李亚凯,黄苗苗,贾秋珍,黄瑾,曹世勤,张勃,孙振宇,王晓明,金社林.2016.大麦条锈菌专化型鉴定及其致病性初步分析.甘肃农业大学学报,51(3):89-94]
Li ZQ,Zeng SM.2002.Wheat rusts in China.Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Press,pp.34-37(in Chinese)[李振岐,曾士迈.2002.中国小麦锈病.北京:中国农业出版社,pp.34-37]
Lin XM,Li ZQ,Shang HS,Kang ZS.1988.A brief report on the strip rust of barley.Acta Universitatis Agriculturalis Boreali-Occidentalis,16(2):91-92(in Chinese)[林晓民,李振岐,商鸿生,康振生.1988.大麦条锈病研究简报.西北农业大学学报,16(2):91-92]
Little R,Manners JG.1969.Somatic recombination in yellow rust of wheat(Puccinia striiformis):I.The production and possible origin of two new physiologic races.Transactions of the British Mycological Society 53(2):251-258
Mcintosh RA,Wellings CR,Park RF.1995.Wheat rusts:an atlas of resistance genes.Dordrecht,The Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers
Newton AC,Johnson R,Caten CE.1986.Attempted somatic hybridization of Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici and P.striiformis f.sp.hordei.Plant Pathology,35(1):108-113
Niu YC,Li ZQ,Shang HS.1991a.Puccinia striiformis West.f.sp.leymi and f.sp.elymi,two new formae speciales.Journal of Northwest A&F University,19(S1):58-62(in Chinese)[牛永春,李振岐,商鸿生.1991a.条形柄锈菌赖草专化型和披碱草专化型.西北农业大学学报,19(S1):58-62]
Niu YC,Li ZQ,Shang HS.1991b.The new discovery on geographic distribution of Puccinia striiformis West.f.sp.hordei in China.Acta Universitatis Agriculturalis Boreali-Occidentalis,19(S1):63-65(in Chinese)[牛永春,李振岐,商鸿生.1991b.条形柄锈菌大麦专化型分布区域的新发现.西北农业大学学报,19(S1):63-65]
Niu YC,Li ZQ,Shang HS.1994.On the physiological specialization of barley strip rust in China.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,24(3):95-98(in Chinese)[牛永春,李振岐,商鸿生.1994.我国大麦条锈病菌的生理分化.植物病理学报,24(3):95-98]
Wang ZH.1992a.On the evolution of the barley yellow rust pathosystem in Tibet.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,22(2):151155(in Chinese)[王宗华.1992a.西藏青稞与条锈菌互作系统演化特点初探.植物病理学报,22(2):151-155]
Wang ZH.1992b.Regional epidemics of strip rust on barley and wheat in Tibet.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,5(2):79-85(in Chinese)[王宗华.1992b.西藏大、小麦条锈病区域流行规律.西南农业学报,5(2):79-85]
Wang ZH,Peng YL,Yangjinlamu,Dazhen.1989a.Difference of pathogenicity between isolates of barley-attacking and wheat-attacking forms of Puccinia striiformis with special reference to the deviation of disease development.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,19(3):161-165(in Chinese)[王宗华,彭云良,央金拉姆,达珍.1989a.西藏地区大麦条锈病菌和小麦条锈病菌致病性差异及发病的差异.植物病理学报,19(3):161-165]
Wang ZH,Yangjinlamu,Dazhen,Peng YL.1989b.A research on physiofic specialization of Puccinia striiformis f.sp.hordei in Tibet.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2(3):57-60(in Chinese)[王宗华,央金拉姆,达珍,彭云良.1989b.西藏条锈菌大麦专化型生理专化研究.西南农业学报,2(3):57-60]
Zhang B,Jia QZ,Huang J,Cao SQ,Sun ZY,Luo HS,Wang XM,Jin SL.2015.Trends and toxicity analysis of new strains G22-9 and G22-14 in Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,24(7):125-130(in Chinese)[张勃,贾秋珍,黄瑾,曹世勤,孙振宇,骆惠生,王晓明,金社林.2015.小麦条锈菌新菌系贵22-9和贵22-14发展趋势与毒性分析.西北农业学报,24(7):125-130]
Zhao J,Wang MN,Chen XM,Kang ZS.2016.Role of alternate hosts in epidemiology and pathogen variation of cereal rusts.Annual Review of Phytopathology,54:207-228
Zhao J,Zhao SL,Peng YL,Qin JF,Huang LL,Kang ZS.2016.Investigation on geographic distribution and identification of six Berberis spp.serving as alternate host for Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici in Linzhi,Tibet.Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,46(1):103-111(in Chinese)[赵杰,赵世垒,彭岳林,覃剑锋,黄丽丽,康振生.2016.林芝地区小麦条锈菌转主寄主小檗的鉴定与分布.植物病理学报,46(1):103-111]
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