循环流化床锅炉炉膛低氧燃烧加尾部补燃降低NO_x排放的试验研究
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摘要
在1台70 MW循环流化床工业热水锅炉上,应用炉膛低氧燃烧加尾部烟道补燃技术,降低锅炉的NO_x原始排放浓度。通过降低炉膛内过量空气系数,使炉膛和旋风分离器内呈低氧燃烧状态。由于高温烟气中有残炭和CO的存在,抑制了NO_x生成,同时能够促进NO_x向N_2转化,从而降低了高温烟气中NO_x含量。从旋风分离器中心筒喷入补燃风,可将由于炉膛低氧而未完全燃烧的残炭和CO燃尽,保证了锅炉燃烧效率。采用炉膛低氧燃烧加尾部补燃技术,锅炉的NO_x原始排放浓度从393 mg/m~3降低至115 mg/m~3(@6%O_2),CO的排放浓度控制在4×10~(-6)。
This paper explores the application of technology of lean-oxygen combustion with post-combustion on a 70 MW industrial Circulating Fluidized Bed(CFB) hot-water boiler for reducting original nitrogen oxides(NO_x) emission. Combustion in the furnace and in the cyclone separators was adjusted to lean-oxygen state with decreasing the air stoichiometric ratio in the furnace. The formation of nitrogen oxides was suppressedwithunburn components, such ascarbon residue and CO, and the conversion to N_2 fromnitrogen oxides was promoted, which reduced the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas. The carbon residue and CO in the flue gas atthe outletsof the cyclones was burnt out with injecting air at the end of the cyclone outlets for post-combustion. The original NO_x emission was reduced to 115 mg/m~3 from 393 mg/m~3(@ 6% O_2), and CO emission was controlled at about 4×10~(-6).
This paper explores the application of technology of lean-oxygen combustion with post-combustion on a 70 MW industrial Circulating Fluidized Bed(CFB) hot-water boiler for reducting original nitrogen oxides(NO_x) emission. Combustion in the furnace and in the cyclone separators was adjusted to lean-oxygen state with decreasing the air stoichiometric ratio in the furnace. The formation of nitrogen oxides was suppressedwithunburn components, such ascarbon residue and CO, and the conversion to N_2 fromnitrogen oxides was promoted, which reduced the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas. The carbon residue and CO in the flue gas atthe outletsof the cyclones was burnt out with injecting air at the end of the cyclone outlets for post-combustion. The original NO_x emission was reduced to 115 mg/m~3 from 393 mg/m~3(@ 6% O_2), and CO emission was controlled at about 4×10~(-6).
引文
[1] 王钟, 王颖. 火电厂烟气脱硝技术探讨[J]. 吉林电力, 2005(6): 1-5.
[2] 蔡小峰, 李晓芸. SNCR-SCR 烟气脱硝技术及其应用[J]. 电力环境保护, 2008, 24(3): 26-29.
[3] LUIS F, LONDONO C A, WANG X S, et al. Influence of operating parameters on NOx and N2O axial profiles in a circulating fluidized bed combustor[J]. Fuel, 1996, 75(8): 971-978.
[4] TOURUNEN A, SAASTAMOINEN J, NEVALAINEN H. Experimental trends of NO in circulating fluidized bed combustion[J]. Fuel, 2009, 88(7): 1333-1341.
[5] LYNGFELT A, ?MAND L E, LECKNER B. Reversed air staging-a method for reduction of N2O emissions from fluidized bed combustion of coal[J]. Fuel, 1998, 77(9): 953-959.
[6] 梁建红, 黄中. 循环流化床锅炉降低NOx排放浓度试验与优化改造研究[J]. 锅炉技术, 2015, 46(2):55-59.
[7] 吴剑恒, 何宏舟, 俞金树. 二次风对 CFB 锅炉NOx排放的影响[J]. 电力学报, 2014 (6): 542-547.
[8] YANG X, LIU B, SONG W, et al. Process Simulation of Emission and Control for NO and N2O during Coal Combustion in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor Based on Aspen Plus[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2011, 25(8): 3718-3730.
[9] 马辉, 赵俊平, 张小东. 优化二次风布置降低NOx排放浓度[J]. 电站系统工程, 2015, 31(1): 71-72.
[10] Lupiáňez C, Díez L I, Romeo L M. Influence of gas-staging on pollutant emissions from fluidized bed oxy-firing[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2014, 256: 380-389.
[11] GIBBS B M, PEREIRA F J, BEER J M. The influence of air staging on the ‘NO’emission from a fluidised bed coal combustor[C]//16th Symposium (International) on Combustion, USA: Elsevier, 1977: 461-474.
[12] FAN W, LIN Z, KUANG J, et al. Impact of air staging along furnace height on NOx emissions from pulverized coal combustion[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2010, 91(6): 625-634.
[13] WANG X S, GIBBS B M, RHODES M J. Impact of air staging on the fate of NO and H2O in a circulating fluidized-bed combustor[J]. Combustion and Flame, 1994, 99(3): 508-515.
[14] MEREB J B, WENDT J O L. Air staging and reburning mechanisms for NOx abatement in a laboratory coal combustor[J]. Fuel, 1994, 73(7): 1020-1026.
[15] LYNGFELT A, ?MAND L E, GUSTAVSSON L, et al. Methods for reducing the emission of nitrous oxide from fluidized bed combustion[J]. Energy conversion and management, 1996, 37(6): 1297-1302.
[16] SPLIETHOFF H, GREUL U, RüDIGER H, et al. Basic effects on NOX emissions in air staging and reburning at a bench-scale test facility[J]. Fuel, 1996, 75(5): 560-564.
[17] 陈光元, 邹显宏, 张锡强, 等. 420 t/h锅炉低氮氧化物燃烧技术研究[J]. 热力发电, 2011, 40(2): 48-51.
[18] DE LAS O. M, RUFAS A, DE DIEGO L F, et al. Effects of Temperature and Flue Gas Recycle on the SO2 and NOx Emissions in an Oxy-fuel Fluidized Bed Combustor[J]. Energy Procedia, 2013, 37: 1275-1282.
[19] 贾力, 殷龙. 烟气再循环实现低NOx排放的实验研究[J]. 工业加热, 2008, 37(6): 15-18.
[20] LECKNER B, ?MAND L E, LüCKE K, et al. Gaseous emissions from co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal/wood in a fluidized bed[J]. Fuel, 2004, 83(4): 477-486.
[21] ZHOU T, GONG Z, LU Q, et al. Experimental Study on Enhanced Control of NOx Emission from Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2015, 29(6): 3634-3639.
[22] GONG Z, ZHOU T, LU Q, et al. Combustion and NOx Emission Characteristics of Shenmu Char in a Circulating Fluidized Bed with Post-combustion[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2016, 30(1): 31-38.
[23] CARDU M, BAICA M. Regarding the relation between the NOx content and CO content in thermo power plants flue gases[J]. Energy conversion and management, 2005, 46(1): 47-59.
[24] AARNA I, SUUBERG E M. A review of the kinetics of the nitric oxide-carbon reaction[J]. Fuel, 1997, 76(6): 475-491.
[25] OUYANG Z, ZHU J, LU Q. Experimental study on preheating and combustion characteristics of pulverized anthracite coal[J]. Fuel, 2013, 113: 122-124.
[2] 蔡小峰, 李晓芸. SNCR-SCR 烟气脱硝技术及其应用[J]. 电力环境保护, 2008, 24(3): 26-29.
[3] LUIS F, LONDONO C A, WANG X S, et al. Influence of operating parameters on NOx and N2O axial profiles in a circulating fluidized bed combustor[J]. Fuel, 1996, 75(8): 971-978.
[4] TOURUNEN A, SAASTAMOINEN J, NEVALAINEN H. Experimental trends of NO in circulating fluidized bed combustion[J]. Fuel, 2009, 88(7): 1333-1341.
[5] LYNGFELT A, ?MAND L E, LECKNER B. Reversed air staging-a method for reduction of N2O emissions from fluidized bed combustion of coal[J]. Fuel, 1998, 77(9): 953-959.
[6] 梁建红, 黄中. 循环流化床锅炉降低NOx排放浓度试验与优化改造研究[J]. 锅炉技术, 2015, 46(2):55-59.
[7] 吴剑恒, 何宏舟, 俞金树. 二次风对 CFB 锅炉NOx排放的影响[J]. 电力学报, 2014 (6): 542-547.
[8] YANG X, LIU B, SONG W, et al. Process Simulation of Emission and Control for NO and N2O during Coal Combustion in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor Based on Aspen Plus[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2011, 25(8): 3718-3730.
[9] 马辉, 赵俊平, 张小东. 优化二次风布置降低NOx排放浓度[J]. 电站系统工程, 2015, 31(1): 71-72.
[10] Lupiáňez C, Díez L I, Romeo L M. Influence of gas-staging on pollutant emissions from fluidized bed oxy-firing[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2014, 256: 380-389.
[11] GIBBS B M, PEREIRA F J, BEER J M. The influence of air staging on the ‘NO’emission from a fluidised bed coal combustor[C]//16th Symposium (International) on Combustion, USA: Elsevier, 1977: 461-474.
[12] FAN W, LIN Z, KUANG J, et al. Impact of air staging along furnace height on NOx emissions from pulverized coal combustion[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2010, 91(6): 625-634.
[13] WANG X S, GIBBS B M, RHODES M J. Impact of air staging on the fate of NO and H2O in a circulating fluidized-bed combustor[J]. Combustion and Flame, 1994, 99(3): 508-515.
[14] MEREB J B, WENDT J O L. Air staging and reburning mechanisms for NOx abatement in a laboratory coal combustor[J]. Fuel, 1994, 73(7): 1020-1026.
[15] LYNGFELT A, ?MAND L E, GUSTAVSSON L, et al. Methods for reducing the emission of nitrous oxide from fluidized bed combustion[J]. Energy conversion and management, 1996, 37(6): 1297-1302.
[16] SPLIETHOFF H, GREUL U, RüDIGER H, et al. Basic effects on NOX emissions in air staging and reburning at a bench-scale test facility[J]. Fuel, 1996, 75(5): 560-564.
[17] 陈光元, 邹显宏, 张锡强, 等. 420 t/h锅炉低氮氧化物燃烧技术研究[J]. 热力发电, 2011, 40(2): 48-51.
[18] DE LAS O. M, RUFAS A, DE DIEGO L F, et al. Effects of Temperature and Flue Gas Recycle on the SO2 and NOx Emissions in an Oxy-fuel Fluidized Bed Combustor[J]. Energy Procedia, 2013, 37: 1275-1282.
[19] 贾力, 殷龙. 烟气再循环实现低NOx排放的实验研究[J]. 工业加热, 2008, 37(6): 15-18.
[20] LECKNER B, ?MAND L E, LüCKE K, et al. Gaseous emissions from co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal/wood in a fluidized bed[J]. Fuel, 2004, 83(4): 477-486.
[21] ZHOU T, GONG Z, LU Q, et al. Experimental Study on Enhanced Control of NOx Emission from Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2015, 29(6): 3634-3639.
[22] GONG Z, ZHOU T, LU Q, et al. Combustion and NOx Emission Characteristics of Shenmu Char in a Circulating Fluidized Bed with Post-combustion[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2016, 30(1): 31-38.
[23] CARDU M, BAICA M. Regarding the relation between the NOx content and CO content in thermo power plants flue gases[J]. Energy conversion and management, 2005, 46(1): 47-59.
[24] AARNA I, SUUBERG E M. A review of the kinetics of the nitric oxide-carbon reaction[J]. Fuel, 1997, 76(6): 475-491.
[25] OUYANG Z, ZHU J, LU Q. Experimental study on preheating and combustion characteristics of pulverized anthracite coal[J]. Fuel, 2013, 113: 122-124.
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