江南造山带西南缘造山型金矿含炭质石英脉与金成矿关系研究
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摘要
江南造山带为金多金属复合成矿带,其矿床成因备受关注。许多矿床地质学者在这一问题上做出了大量的研究,对炭质在空间上与自然金及硫化物矿物有一定的联系,且有利于金的成矿已达成普遍共识,但就炭质的来源问题及它是如何影响金沉淀成矿机制的问题,尚有一定的争议。文章通过大量野外调查和室内显微镜下观察以及采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)对研究区金矿含炭质石英脉测试分析研究得出:炭质对金的矿化富集机制不仅存在化学作用的影响,也存在物理作用方面的影响。炭质可作为还原剂与Au(HS)~(2-)发生氧化还原反应,使溶液中金的溶解度降低;亦可与硫化物矿物从热液中同时沉淀出来,实质是消耗热液中HS~-的同时,破坏了Au(HS)~(2-)的稳定性;同时,炭质所具备的较软弱、有滑感的物理性质,对金的富集有一定程度的帮助。
The Jiangnan Orogenic Belt is a gold-polymetallic complex metallogenic belt,and the genesis of its deposits has attracted much attention.Many ore deposit geologists have done a lot of research on this issue,and have reached a general consensus on the spatial relationship between carbon and natural gold and sulfide minerals,which is conducive to gold mineralization.However,there are still some disputes about the source of carbon and how it affects the mechanism of gold precipitation and mineralization.Based on a large number of field investigations,laboratory microscopic observations and ICP-MS analysis of the quartz veins of the carbonaceous quartz veins in the gold deposits in the study area,it is concluded that there are not only chemical but also physical effects on the mechanism of gold mineralization and enrichment.Carbon can be used as reductant to react with Au(HS)~(2-) to reduce the solubility of gold in solution; it can also precipitate with sulfide minerals from hydrothermal solution at the same time,which is essentially to consume HS~- in hydrothermal solution and destroy the stability of Au(HS)~(2-) at the same time.At the same time,the weak and slippery physical properties of carbon are helpful to enrich gold to a certain extent.
The Jiangnan Orogenic Belt is a gold-polymetallic complex metallogenic belt,and the genesis of its deposits has attracted much attention.Many ore deposit geologists have done a lot of research on this issue,and have reached a general consensus on the spatial relationship between carbon and natural gold and sulfide minerals,which is conducive to gold mineralization.However,there are still some disputes about the source of carbon and how it affects the mechanism of gold precipitation and mineralization.Based on a large number of field investigations,laboratory microscopic observations and ICP-MS analysis of the quartz veins of the carbonaceous quartz veins in the gold deposits in the study area,it is concluded that there are not only chemical but also physical effects on the mechanism of gold mineralization and enrichment.Carbon can be used as reductant to react with Au(HS)~(2-) to reduce the solubility of gold in solution; it can also precipitate with sulfide minerals from hydrothermal solution at the same time,which is essentially to consume HS~- in hydrothermal solution and destroy the stability of Au(HS)~(2-) at the same time.At the same time,the weak and slippery physical properties of carbon are helpful to enrich gold to a certain extent.
引文
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Krˇíbek B,SykorováI,MachovicˇV,Knésl I,Laufek F,ZachariásˇJ.2015,The origin and hydrothermal mobilization of carbonaceous matter associated with Paleoprotero-zoicorogenic-type gold deposits of West Africa[J].Precambrian Research,270:300-317.
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Liang Q,Jing H,Gregoire D C.2000,Determination of trace elements in granites by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J].Talanta,51(3):507-513.
Oreskes N,Einaudi M T.1990,Origin of rare-earth element enrichedhematitebreccias at the Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit,Roxby Downs,South Australia[J].Econ Geol,85:1-28.
Ohmoto H,Kerrick D.1977,Devolatilization equilibria in graphitic systems[J].American Journal of Science,277:1013-1044.
Pitcairn I K,Teagle D A H,Craw D,Olivo G R,Kerrich R,Brewer TS.2006.Sources ofmetals and fluids in orogenic gold deposits:insights from the Otago and AlpineSchists,New Zealand.Economic Geology 101,1525-1546.
Shvarov Y V,Bastrakov E.1999,HCh:A software package for geochemical equilibrium modelling[J].Science and Resources Record,25:61.
Hu S Y,Evans K,Craw D,Rempel K,Grice K.2017,Resolving the role of carbonaceous material in gold precipitation in metasedimenthosted orogenic gold deposits[J].The Geological Society of America,45(2):167-170.
Taylor S R,Mclennan S M.1985.The continental crust:Its composition and evolution[M].London:Black-well Scientific publication.
陈原林,顾尚义,何兴华,吴龙,王兴伟,尹祺,敖学龙.2017,测定江南造山带西南缘坑头金矿黄铁矿中LA-ICP-MS微量元素特征[J].贵州地质,34(03):183-190.
陈文一,卢焕章,王中刚,胡瑞忠,吴学益,Moussa Keita,朱笑青2006,.黔东南新元古界青白口下江群火山碎屑浊流沉积与金矿关系的初步研究[J].古地理学报,8(4):487-497.
陈祎.2015.黔东南天柱-锦屏地区金的成矿系统及其结构[D].中国地质大学.
毕献武,胡瑞忠,彭建堂,等.2004,黄铁矿微量元素地球化学特征及其对成矿流体性质的指示[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,23(1):1-4.
杜定全,刘志臣,孙士军,等.2010,黔东南地区金矿控矿构造的空间关系分析[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,29(04):380-387.
戴传固,张慧,王敏,陈建书,卢定彪,曾昭光.2010.江南造山带西南段地质构造特征及演化[M].北京:地质出版社.
顾尚义,杜定全,孙士军.2010,贵州东南部金矿的变质成矿作用研究[J].矿床地质,29:927-928.
卢焕章,王中刚,吴学益,等.2005,贵州东南部的地质构造与金矿床的关系[J].地质学报,79(1):98-105.
卢焕章,池国祥,朱笑青,等.2018,造山型金矿的地质特征和成矿流体[J].大地构造与成矿学,(2).244-265.
刘锐,陶平,陈坡.2013.黔东南坑头金矿床元素地球化学特征与成矿意义[J].贵州大学学报(自然科学版),(03):56-61.
李慧,李文厚,吴春燕,等.2008.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组中下部凝灰岩地球化学特征及其地质意义[C]//全国古地理学及沉积学学术会议.
刘坤.2014.黔东南石英脉型金矿地质地球化学特征及成矿作用研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学博士学位论文.
毛景文,李红艳.1997,江南古陆某些金矿床成因讨论[J].地球化学,26(5):71-81.
毛光周,华仁民,高剑锋,赵葵东,龙光明,陆慧娟,姚军明.2006,江西金山金矿床含金黄铁矿的稀土元素和微量元素特征[J].矿床地质,25(4):412-426.
邱正杰,范宏瑞,丛培章,等.2015,造山型金矿床成矿过程研究进展[J].矿床地质,34(1):21-38.
陶平,王尚彦,戴传固,等.2005,黔东地区金矿床类型及其基本特征[J].贵州地质,22(4):229-235.
王孝磊,周金城,陈昕,等.2017,江南造山带的形成与演化[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,36(5):714-735.
王中刚,于学元,赵振华.1989:稀土元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,279-291.
王剑锋,周振冬,邓斌.1985,金的迁移形式和沉淀富集机理及赋存状态[J].矿物岩石,(1):71-78.
王亮.2002,黔东南地区重力场特征及雷公山地堑系地质意义初论[J].贵州地质,19(1):44-51.
吴学益,卢焕章,吕古贤,等.2006,黔东南锦屏一天柱地区构造控岩控金特征模拟实验及其力学分析[J].大地构造与成矿学,30(3):355-368.
吴文明,郑杰,齐领第,余大龙.2011,黔东平秋金矿含金石英脉包裹体地球化学[J].贵州地质,28(3):194-199.
况顺达,林卫华,姚智,刘沛,王雪华2003,.黔东南地区金矿遥感弱信息自动提取技术研究[J].贵州地质,20(4):242-246.
陶平,姚书振,王亮,王常微.2012b,黔东南天锦黎地区金矿成矿单元划分及其控矿因素探讨[J].贵州地质,29(4):241-248.
唐文春,朱汇派.2008,新康猫金矿床热液矿物微量元素地球化学特征及其成因探讨[J].矿物岩石,28(4):64-70.
孙士军,潘文卯.2002,贵州八克金矿富金包成因[J].黄金地质,8(2):20-25.
杨瑞东,张晓东,刘玲,袁世婷,许利群.2009,贵州锦屏新元古界青白口系下江群稀土、微量元素分布特征[J].地质学报,83(4):505-514.
杨光忠.2006,黔东南地区热液型金矿的成矿作用及其模式[J].贵州地质,23(3):197-202.
杨瑞东,张晓东,刘玲,等.2009,贵州锦屏新元古界青白口系下江群稀土、微量元素分布特征-探讨金的来源问题[J].地质学报,83(4):505-514
田洪德,黄道光,余清平.2011.黔东南天柱县坑头金矿地质特征及成因分析[J].贵州地质,(04):265-271.
朱笑青,王甘露,卢焕章等.2006.黔东南金矿形成时代的确定兼论湘黔加里东金矿带[J].中国地质,33(5):1092-1099.
张晓东,杨瑞东,王伟,魏怀瑞2011,.黔东南平秋金矿微量与稀土元素地球化学特征及意义[J].矿物岩石,31(1):63-69.
Craw D,Mortensen J,Mac Kenzie D,Pitcairn I.2015,Contrasting geochemistry of oro-genic gold deposits in Yukon,Canada and Otago,New Zealand[J].Geochemistry Exp-loration Environment Analysis,15:150-166.
Kettler R M,Waldo G S,Penner-Hahn J E,Meyers P A,Kesler S E.1990,Sulfidation of organic matter associated with gold mineralization,Pueblo viejo,Dominican rep-ublic[J].Applied Geochemistry,5(1-2):237-248.
Krˇíbek B,SykorováI,MachovicˇV,Knésl I,Laufek F,ZachariásˇJ.2015,The origin and hydrothermal mobilization of carbonaceous matter associated with Paleoprotero-zoicorogenic-type gold deposits of West Africa[J].Precambrian Research,270:300-317.
Jones B J,Mnaning A C.1994,Comparison of geochemical indices used for the interpra-tation of palaeoredox conditions in ancient mudstones[J].Chemical Geology,111:111-129.
Liang Q,Jing H,Gregoire D C.2000,Determination of trace elements in granites by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J].Talanta,51(3):507-513.
Oreskes N,Einaudi M T.1990,Origin of rare-earth element enrichedhematitebreccias at the Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit,Roxby Downs,South Australia[J].Econ Geol,85:1-28.
Ohmoto H,Kerrick D.1977,Devolatilization equilibria in graphitic systems[J].American Journal of Science,277:1013-1044.
Pitcairn I K,Teagle D A H,Craw D,Olivo G R,Kerrich R,Brewer TS.2006.Sources ofmetals and fluids in orogenic gold deposits:insights from the Otago and AlpineSchists,New Zealand.Economic Geology 101,1525-1546.
Shvarov Y V,Bastrakov E.1999,HCh:A software package for geochemical equilibrium modelling[J].Science and Resources Record,25:61.
Hu S Y,Evans K,Craw D,Rempel K,Grice K.2017,Resolving the role of carbonaceous material in gold precipitation in metasedimenthosted orogenic gold deposits[J].The Geological Society of America,45(2):167-170.
Taylor S R,Mclennan S M.1985.The continental crust:Its composition and evolution[M].London:Black-well Scientific publication.
陈原林,顾尚义,何兴华,吴龙,王兴伟,尹祺,敖学龙.2017,测定江南造山带西南缘坑头金矿黄铁矿中LA-ICP-MS微量元素特征[J].贵州地质,34(03):183-190.
陈文一,卢焕章,王中刚,胡瑞忠,吴学益,Moussa Keita,朱笑青2006,.黔东南新元古界青白口下江群火山碎屑浊流沉积与金矿关系的初步研究[J].古地理学报,8(4):487-497.
陈祎.2015.黔东南天柱-锦屏地区金的成矿系统及其结构[D].中国地质大学.
毕献武,胡瑞忠,彭建堂,等.2004,黄铁矿微量元素地球化学特征及其对成矿流体性质的指示[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,23(1):1-4.
杜定全,刘志臣,孙士军,等.2010,黔东南地区金矿控矿构造的空间关系分析[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,29(04):380-387.
戴传固,张慧,王敏,陈建书,卢定彪,曾昭光.2010.江南造山带西南段地质构造特征及演化[M].北京:地质出版社.
顾尚义,杜定全,孙士军.2010,贵州东南部金矿的变质成矿作用研究[J].矿床地质,29:927-928.
卢焕章,王中刚,吴学益,等.2005,贵州东南部的地质构造与金矿床的关系[J].地质学报,79(1):98-105.
卢焕章,池国祥,朱笑青,等.2018,造山型金矿的地质特征和成矿流体[J].大地构造与成矿学,(2).244-265.
刘锐,陶平,陈坡.2013.黔东南坑头金矿床元素地球化学特征与成矿意义[J].贵州大学学报(自然科学版),(03):56-61.
李慧,李文厚,吴春燕,等.2008.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组中下部凝灰岩地球化学特征及其地质意义[C]//全国古地理学及沉积学学术会议.
刘坤.2014.黔东南石英脉型金矿地质地球化学特征及成矿作用研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学博士学位论文.
毛景文,李红艳.1997,江南古陆某些金矿床成因讨论[J].地球化学,26(5):71-81.
毛光周,华仁民,高剑锋,赵葵东,龙光明,陆慧娟,姚军明.2006,江西金山金矿床含金黄铁矿的稀土元素和微量元素特征[J].矿床地质,25(4):412-426.
邱正杰,范宏瑞,丛培章,等.2015,造山型金矿床成矿过程研究进展[J].矿床地质,34(1):21-38.
陶平,王尚彦,戴传固,等.2005,黔东地区金矿床类型及其基本特征[J].贵州地质,22(4):229-235.
王孝磊,周金城,陈昕,等.2017,江南造山带的形成与演化[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,36(5):714-735.
王中刚,于学元,赵振华.1989:稀土元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,279-291.
王剑锋,周振冬,邓斌.1985,金的迁移形式和沉淀富集机理及赋存状态[J].矿物岩石,(1):71-78.
王亮.2002,黔东南地区重力场特征及雷公山地堑系地质意义初论[J].贵州地质,19(1):44-51.
吴学益,卢焕章,吕古贤,等.2006,黔东南锦屏一天柱地区构造控岩控金特征模拟实验及其力学分析[J].大地构造与成矿学,30(3):355-368.
吴文明,郑杰,齐领第,余大龙.2011,黔东平秋金矿含金石英脉包裹体地球化学[J].贵州地质,28(3):194-199.
况顺达,林卫华,姚智,刘沛,王雪华2003,.黔东南地区金矿遥感弱信息自动提取技术研究[J].贵州地质,20(4):242-246.
陶平,姚书振,王亮,王常微.2012b,黔东南天锦黎地区金矿成矿单元划分及其控矿因素探讨[J].贵州地质,29(4):241-248.
唐文春,朱汇派.2008,新康猫金矿床热液矿物微量元素地球化学特征及其成因探讨[J].矿物岩石,28(4):64-70.
孙士军,潘文卯.2002,贵州八克金矿富金包成因[J].黄金地质,8(2):20-25.
杨瑞东,张晓东,刘玲,袁世婷,许利群.2009,贵州锦屏新元古界青白口系下江群稀土、微量元素分布特征[J].地质学报,83(4):505-514.
杨光忠.2006,黔东南地区热液型金矿的成矿作用及其模式[J].贵州地质,23(3):197-202.
杨瑞东,张晓东,刘玲,等.2009,贵州锦屏新元古界青白口系下江群稀土、微量元素分布特征-探讨金的来源问题[J].地质学报,83(4):505-514
田洪德,黄道光,余清平.2011.黔东南天柱县坑头金矿地质特征及成因分析[J].贵州地质,(04):265-271.
朱笑青,王甘露,卢焕章等.2006.黔东南金矿形成时代的确定兼论湘黔加里东金矿带[J].中国地质,33(5):1092-1099.
张晓东,杨瑞东,王伟,魏怀瑞2011,.黔东南平秋金矿微量与稀土元素地球化学特征及意义[J].矿物岩石,31(1):63-69.