地质高背景区铅锌矿废弃地土壤重金属污染评价
|
摘要
调查研究了某废弃铅锌矿区周边农田土壤中重金属Hg、As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn的污染状况,并结合单因素指数法、地累积指数法、污染指数负荷法、灰色聚类法及聚类热图分析对重金属污染程度和空间分布状况进行评价,采用相关性分析和主成分分析识别污染途径。结果表明,研究区Cd、Zn、Hg、Pb、Cu和As含量均超过贵州省土壤背景值。Cd的外源污染最严重,Zn、Pb、Hg次之。重金属污染程度与河流以及距矿区距离呈正相关。主要污染因子为Cd,次要污染因子为Hg和Zn,各采样点均处于严重污染。研究区重金属来源可分为4类,Cu、Cd、Zn属工业源污染,主要为矿山开采;As、Hg污染与工业源和农业源有关;Cr、Pb含量受交通源与工业源以及自然源多方面影响。
Pollution status of Hg,As,Cd,Cr,Pb,Cu and Zn in farmland soil around an abandoned leadzinc mining area was investigated.Degree of heavy metal pollution and spatial distribution were evaluated with combination of single factor index method,ground accumulation index method,pollution index load method,grey clustering method and clustering heat map analysis.Pollution pathway was identified by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.The results show that concentrations of Cd,Zn,Hg,Pb,Cu and As in soils of investigated area all exceed the background value of Guizhou Province.The soils are heavily polluted with Cd,moderately polluted with Zn,Pb and Hg.Degree of pollution positively correlates with distance to river and mine.The main pollution factor is Cd,the secondary pollution factors are Hg and Zn,and all sampling points are in serious pollution.The sources of heavy metals in study area are divided into four categories.Cu,Cd and Zn are industrial sources of pollution,mainly from mining.As and Hg pollution are related to industrial and agricultural sources while content of Cr and Pb is affected by many sources of transportation and industrial sources as well as natural sources.
Pollution status of Hg,As,Cd,Cr,Pb,Cu and Zn in farmland soil around an abandoned leadzinc mining area was investigated.Degree of heavy metal pollution and spatial distribution were evaluated with combination of single factor index method,ground accumulation index method,pollution index load method,grey clustering method and clustering heat map analysis.Pollution pathway was identified by correlation analysis and principal component analysis.The results show that concentrations of Cd,Zn,Hg,Pb,Cu and As in soils of investigated area all exceed the background value of Guizhou Province.The soils are heavily polluted with Cd,moderately polluted with Zn,Pb and Hg.Degree of pollution positively correlates with distance to river and mine.The main pollution factor is Cd,the secondary pollution factors are Hg and Zn,and all sampling points are in serious pollution.The sources of heavy metals in study area are divided into four categories.Cu,Cd and Zn are industrial sources of pollution,mainly from mining.As and Hg pollution are related to industrial and agricultural sources while content of Cr and Pb is affected by many sources of transportation and industrial sources as well as natural sources.
引文
[1]ZHAO F J,MA Y,ZHU Y G,et al.Soil contamination in China:current status and mitigation strategies[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.,2015,49:750-759.
[2]环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[J].中国环保产业,2014,36(5):1689-1692.
[3]ZHUANG P,LU H,LI Z,et al.Multiple exposure and effects assessment of heavy metals in the population near mining area in south China[J].Plos One,2014,4(9):e94484.
[4]骆永明,滕应.我国土壤污染的区域差异与分区治理修复策略[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(2):145-152.
[5]WOOD J L,TANG C,FRANKS A E,et al.Microorganisms in heavy metal bioremediation:strategies for applying microbial-community engineering to remediate soils[J].2016,3(2):211-229.
[6]LI L,ZHU L.International development trend analysis for patented technology of the soil heavy metal pollution and remediation[J].Science Focus,2016,11(2):25-32.
[7]PING S,YAN H.Evaluation of soil pollution situation in urban industrial wasteland:A case study[J].Ecological Economy,2015(2):147-153.
[8]SUN Z,CHEN J.Risk assessment of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)pollution at a rural industrial wasteland in an abandoned metallurgy factory in north China[J].International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,2018,15(1):1-16.
[9]陶美霞,胡虎,胡兰文,等.上饶市某铜矿废弃地土壤重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(6):1153-1159.
[10]CHON H T,LEE J U,LEE J S.Chapter 15-Heavy metals contamination of mine soil,their risk assessment,and bioremediation[J].Assessment Restoration&Reclamation of Mining Influenced Soils,2017:387-417.
[11]OBIORA S C,CHUKWU A,TOTEU S F,et al.Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around lead(Pb)-zinc(Zn)mining areas in Enyigba,southeastern Nigeria[J].Journal of the Geological Society of India,2016,87(4):453-462.
[12]王华云.贵州铅锌矿的地球化学特征[J].贵州地质,1993(4):272-290.
[13]郭绍英,林皓,谢好,等.基于改进灰色聚类法的矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].环境工程,2017,35(10):146-150.
[14]党丽娜,梅杨,廖祥森,等.城市不同交通圈(带)土壤重金属多元统计分析及空间分布研究---以武汉市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(6):925-931.
[15]杨泉,陈明,胡兰文,等.赣州市绿地土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].土壤通报,2018,49(1):159-166.
[16]庞夙,李廷轩,王永东,等.县域农田土壤铜、锌、铬含量空间变异特征及其影响因子分析[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(4):737-743.
[17]高健磊,王静.两种河道底泥重金属污染生态危害评价方法比较研究[J].环境工程,2013,31(2):119-121.
[18]吕建树,何华春.江苏海岸带土壤重金属来源解析及空间分布[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2853-2864.
[19]徐佩,吴超,邱冠豪.我国铅锌矿山土壤重金属污染规律研究[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):739-744.
[20]李苹,黄勇,林赟,等.北京市怀柔区土壤重金属的分布特征、来源分析及风险评价[J].现代地质,2018(1):86-94.
[21]刘巍,杨建军,汪君,等.准东煤田露天矿区土壤重金属污染现状评价及来源分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1938-1945.
[22]陈畅,张博恩,陈刚,等.基于地统计武汉市的土壤铅含量与道路网相关性[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(4):188-192.
[2]环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[J].中国环保产业,2014,36(5):1689-1692.
[3]ZHUANG P,LU H,LI Z,et al.Multiple exposure and effects assessment of heavy metals in the population near mining area in south China[J].Plos One,2014,4(9):e94484.
[4]骆永明,滕应.我国土壤污染的区域差异与分区治理修复策略[J].中国科学院院刊,2018,33(2):145-152.
[5]WOOD J L,TANG C,FRANKS A E,et al.Microorganisms in heavy metal bioremediation:strategies for applying microbial-community engineering to remediate soils[J].2016,3(2):211-229.
[6]LI L,ZHU L.International development trend analysis for patented technology of the soil heavy metal pollution and remediation[J].Science Focus,2016,11(2):25-32.
[7]PING S,YAN H.Evaluation of soil pollution situation in urban industrial wasteland:A case study[J].Ecological Economy,2015(2):147-153.
[8]SUN Z,CHEN J.Risk assessment of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)pollution at a rural industrial wasteland in an abandoned metallurgy factory in north China[J].International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,2018,15(1):1-16.
[9]陶美霞,胡虎,胡兰文,等.上饶市某铜矿废弃地土壤重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(6):1153-1159.
[10]CHON H T,LEE J U,LEE J S.Chapter 15-Heavy metals contamination of mine soil,their risk assessment,and bioremediation[J].Assessment Restoration&Reclamation of Mining Influenced Soils,2017:387-417.
[11]OBIORA S C,CHUKWU A,TOTEU S F,et al.Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around lead(Pb)-zinc(Zn)mining areas in Enyigba,southeastern Nigeria[J].Journal of the Geological Society of India,2016,87(4):453-462.
[12]王华云.贵州铅锌矿的地球化学特征[J].贵州地质,1993(4):272-290.
[13]郭绍英,林皓,谢好,等.基于改进灰色聚类法的矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].环境工程,2017,35(10):146-150.
[14]党丽娜,梅杨,廖祥森,等.城市不同交通圈(带)土壤重金属多元统计分析及空间分布研究---以武汉市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(6):925-931.
[15]杨泉,陈明,胡兰文,等.赣州市绿地土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].土壤通报,2018,49(1):159-166.
[16]庞夙,李廷轩,王永东,等.县域农田土壤铜、锌、铬含量空间变异特征及其影响因子分析[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(4):737-743.
[17]高健磊,王静.两种河道底泥重金属污染生态危害评价方法比较研究[J].环境工程,2013,31(2):119-121.
[18]吕建树,何华春.江苏海岸带土壤重金属来源解析及空间分布[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2853-2864.
[19]徐佩,吴超,邱冠豪.我国铅锌矿山土壤重金属污染规律研究[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):739-744.
[20]李苹,黄勇,林赟,等.北京市怀柔区土壤重金属的分布特征、来源分析及风险评价[J].现代地质,2018(1):86-94.
[21]刘巍,杨建军,汪君,等.准东煤田露天矿区土壤重金属污染现状评价及来源分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1938-1945.
[22]陈畅,张博恩,陈刚,等.基于地统计武汉市的土壤铅含量与道路网相关性[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(4):188-192.