铁道车辆车下设备新型减振器设计研究
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摘要
利用碟形弹簧在一定条件下可以产生负刚度的特性,将碟形弹簧与橡胶弹簧并联,设计出一种可以实现垂向与横向刚度分离的车下设备新型减振器,并运用谐波平衡法对车下设备新型减振器进行传递特性分析。建立包含车体弹性的高速动车组车辆刚柔耦合动力学模型,基于车辆运行平稳性最优原则,计算获得车下设备垂向与横向最优吊挂刚度,并据此设计新型减振器参数。将车下设备采用新型减振器的车辆与车下设备采用传统橡胶减振元件的车辆进行对比分析,结果表明,前者的垂向与横向运行平稳性及车体振动加速度功率谱明显优于后者,所设计的新型减振器能够有效降低车体的弹性振动,改善车辆的运行平稳性。
Considering the negative stiffness characteristics of the belleville spring in a certain condition, a new kind of shock absorber for the under-chassis-equipment whose vertical and lateral stiffness could be separated was designed by setting a belleville spring and a rubber spring in parallel. The transmission characteristics of the designed absorber were analyzed by using the harmonic balance method. A rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of a high-speed train which includes the carbody flexibility was established. Based on the principle of the optimal ride quality of the vehicle, the vertical and lateral optimal suspension stiffness of the under-chassis-equipment was obtained through simulation, whereby the parameters of the new absorber was designed. A comparative analysis was made between the vehicles whose under-chassis-equipment was suspended by the new absorber and the traditional rubber spring respectively. The results show that, compared with the vehicle whose under-chassis-equipment is suspended by the traditional rubber spring, the vehicle whose under-chassis-equipment is suspended by the new absorber can achieve a much better ride quality both in the vertical and lateral directions and power spectrum density of the vibration acceleration of the carbody. The carbody flexible vibration can be reduced and the vehicle ride quality can be improved effectively by using the designed absorber.
Considering the negative stiffness characteristics of the belleville spring in a certain condition, a new kind of shock absorber for the under-chassis-equipment whose vertical and lateral stiffness could be separated was designed by setting a belleville spring and a rubber spring in parallel. The transmission characteristics of the designed absorber were analyzed by using the harmonic balance method. A rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of a high-speed train which includes the carbody flexibility was established. Based on the principle of the optimal ride quality of the vehicle, the vertical and lateral optimal suspension stiffness of the under-chassis-equipment was obtained through simulation, whereby the parameters of the new absorber was designed. A comparative analysis was made between the vehicles whose under-chassis-equipment was suspended by the new absorber and the traditional rubber spring respectively. The results show that, compared with the vehicle whose under-chassis-equipment is suspended by the traditional rubber spring, the vehicle whose under-chassis-equipment is suspended by the new absorber can achieve a much better ride quality both in the vertical and lateral directions and power spectrum density of the vibration acceleration of the carbody. The carbody flexible vibration can be reduced and the vehicle ride quality can be improved effectively by using the designed absorber.
引文
[1] 周劲松.铁道车辆振动与控制[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2012.
[2] 周劲松,张伟,孙文静,等.铁道车辆弹性车体动力吸振器减振分析[J].中国铁道科学,2009,30(3):86-90.ZHOU Jinsong,ZHANG Wei,SUN Wenjing,et al.Vibration Reduction Analysis of the Dynamic Vibration Absorber on the Flexible Carbody of Railway Vehicles[J].China Railway Science,2009,30(3):86-90.
[3] GONG D,ZHOU J S,SUN W J,et al.Method of Multi-mode Vibration Control for the Carbody of High-speed Electric Multiple Unit Trains[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2017,409:94-111.
[4] GONG D,ZHOU J S,SUN W J,et al.On the Resonant Vibration of a Flexible Railway Car Body and Its Suppression with a Dynamic Vibration Absorber[J].Journal of Vibration and Control,2013,19(5):649-657.
[5] 张相宁,李明高.动车组车下吊挂设备吊装装置的橡胶减振器研究[J].大连交通大学学报,2012,33(5):19-22.ZHANG Xiangning,LI Minggao.Study on Rubber Isolator of Hoisting Device for Hanging EMU Equipment[J].Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University,2012,33(5):19-22.
[6] 于金朋,张卫华,张立民,等.高速动车组车下悬挂设备隔振设计研究[J].铁道学报,2017,39(1):37-44.YU Jinpeng,ZHANG Weihua,ZHANG Limin,et al.Research on Vibration Isolation Design of Suspension Equipment for High-speed Train[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2017,39(1):37-44.
[7] 张英会.弹簧手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[8] 刘延柱.非线性振动[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[9] 宫岛,周劲松,孙文静,等.高速列车弹性车体与转向架耦合振动分析[J].交通运输工程学报,2011,11(4):41-47.GONG Dao,ZHOU Jingsong,SUN Wenjing,et el.Coupled Vibration Analysis of Flexible Car Body and Bogie for High-speed Train[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2011,11(4):41-47.
[10] 宫岛,周劲松,孙文静,等.高速动车组车下设备对车体振动传递与模态频率的影响机理研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(18):126-133.GONG Dao,ZHOU Jingsong,SUN Wenjing,et al.Study on the Effect of the Underframe Equipment on Vibration Transmissibility and Modal Frequency of the Car Body for High-speed EMU Trains[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(18):126-133.
[11] GUYAN R J.Reduction of Stiffness and Mass Matrices[J].AIAA Journal,1965,3(2):1133-1145.
[12] CARLBOM P.Combining MBS with FEM for Rail Vehicle Dynamics Analysis[J].Multibody System Dynamics,2001,6(3):291-300.
[13] 梁威.减震橡胶材料的研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2006.
[14] 张景绘.机械振动[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1985.
[15] 王福天,周劲松,任利惠.用于高速车辆动态仿真的轨道谱分析[J].铁道学报,2002,24(5):21-27.WANG Futian,ZHOU Jinsong,REN Lihui.Analysis on Track Spectrum Density for Dynamic Simulations of High Speed Vehicles[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2002,24(5):21-27.
[16] 背户一登.动力吸振器及其应用[M].任明章,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2013.
[2] 周劲松,张伟,孙文静,等.铁道车辆弹性车体动力吸振器减振分析[J].中国铁道科学,2009,30(3):86-90.ZHOU Jinsong,ZHANG Wei,SUN Wenjing,et al.Vibration Reduction Analysis of the Dynamic Vibration Absorber on the Flexible Carbody of Railway Vehicles[J].China Railway Science,2009,30(3):86-90.
[3] GONG D,ZHOU J S,SUN W J,et al.Method of Multi-mode Vibration Control for the Carbody of High-speed Electric Multiple Unit Trains[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2017,409:94-111.
[4] GONG D,ZHOU J S,SUN W J,et al.On the Resonant Vibration of a Flexible Railway Car Body and Its Suppression with a Dynamic Vibration Absorber[J].Journal of Vibration and Control,2013,19(5):649-657.
[5] 张相宁,李明高.动车组车下吊挂设备吊装装置的橡胶减振器研究[J].大连交通大学学报,2012,33(5):19-22.ZHANG Xiangning,LI Minggao.Study on Rubber Isolator of Hoisting Device for Hanging EMU Equipment[J].Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University,2012,33(5):19-22.
[6] 于金朋,张卫华,张立民,等.高速动车组车下悬挂设备隔振设计研究[J].铁道学报,2017,39(1):37-44.YU Jinpeng,ZHANG Weihua,ZHANG Limin,et al.Research on Vibration Isolation Design of Suspension Equipment for High-speed Train[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2017,39(1):37-44.
[7] 张英会.弹簧手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[8] 刘延柱.非线性振动[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[9] 宫岛,周劲松,孙文静,等.高速列车弹性车体与转向架耦合振动分析[J].交通运输工程学报,2011,11(4):41-47.GONG Dao,ZHOU Jingsong,SUN Wenjing,et el.Coupled Vibration Analysis of Flexible Car Body and Bogie for High-speed Train[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2011,11(4):41-47.
[10] 宫岛,周劲松,孙文静,等.高速动车组车下设备对车体振动传递与模态频率的影响机理研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(18):126-133.GONG Dao,ZHOU Jingsong,SUN Wenjing,et al.Study on the Effect of the Underframe Equipment on Vibration Transmissibility and Modal Frequency of the Car Body for High-speed EMU Trains[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(18):126-133.
[11] GUYAN R J.Reduction of Stiffness and Mass Matrices[J].AIAA Journal,1965,3(2):1133-1145.
[12] CARLBOM P.Combining MBS with FEM for Rail Vehicle Dynamics Analysis[J].Multibody System Dynamics,2001,6(3):291-300.
[13] 梁威.减震橡胶材料的研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2006.
[14] 张景绘.机械振动[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1985.
[15] 王福天,周劲松,任利惠.用于高速车辆动态仿真的轨道谱分析[J].铁道学报,2002,24(5):21-27.WANG Futian,ZHOU Jinsong,REN Lihui.Analysis on Track Spectrum Density for Dynamic Simulations of High Speed Vehicles[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2002,24(5):21-27.
[16] 背户一登.动力吸振器及其应用[M].任明章,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2013.