一种新型除油机理及含油钻屑除油技术
|
摘要
油基钻井液是页岩气开发中最为常用的一种钻井液体系,随着页岩气勘探开发的加快发展及油基钻井液的大量使用,其产生的含油钻屑带来的环境污染也逐渐成为油气田企业的环保难题。为此,进行了现场含油钻屑组成、重金属含量和浸出液生物毒性分析,确定了含油钻屑污染特性和处理重点:针对含油钻屑污染特性,基于化学清洗法,首次引入过渡态理论,通过理论和实验分析,提出了一种新型岩屑除油机理,油滴从岩屑表面移动至油相存在着一个势能壁垒,清除岩屑中的油污需越过此势能壁垒;进而设计了含油钻屑除油配方,并通过单剂筛选、配方优化和除油条件优选,最终开发了一套含油钻屑化学清洗法除油技术。使用效果表明:在所研制的聚氧乙烯类除油剂与硫酸盐类、磺酸盐类辅助除油剂的共同作用下,势能壁垒可降低92.81%,由其处理的含油钻屑除油率达到93.02%。结论认为,该技术工艺安全简单、成本低、除油率高,可有效地解决含油钻屑的环境污染问题。
Oil-based drilling fluid is one of the most common systems used in shale gas development. With the speeding up of shale gas exploration and development and the extensive application of oil-based drilling fluids, it is an environmental difficulty for oil and gas enterprises to deal with the environmental pollution caused by oily drilling cuttings. In this paper, the oily drilling cuttings were analyzed in terms of compositions, heavy metal content and leach solution biotoxicity, and accordingly the pollution characteristics and treatment focuses were determined. In view of the pollution characteristics of oily drilling cuttings, the transition state theory was introduced for the first time, based on the chemical cleaning method. A new cutting oil removal mechanism was proposed through theoretical and experimental analysis: an oil droplet has to move through a potential energy barrier before reaching the oil phase from the cutting surface, therefore, the potential energy barrier should be crossed so that the oil in the cuttings can be removed. Then, the oil removal formula for oily drilling cuttings was prepared. Finally, a set of oil removal technologies for oily drilling cuttings based on the chemical cleaning method was developed by means of single-dose screening, formula optimization and oil removal condition selection. It is indicated that by using the oil removing agents of polyoxyethylene and the auxiliary oil removing agents of sulphate and sulphonate, the potential energy barrier can be decreased by 92.81% and the oil removal rate of oily drilling cuttings is up to 93.02%. It is concluded that this technology is safe and simple with a low cost and a high oil removal rate, and it can solve effectively the environmental pollution caused by oily drilling cuttings.
Oil-based drilling fluid is one of the most common systems used in shale gas development. With the speeding up of shale gas exploration and development and the extensive application of oil-based drilling fluids, it is an environmental difficulty for oil and gas enterprises to deal with the environmental pollution caused by oily drilling cuttings. In this paper, the oily drilling cuttings were analyzed in terms of compositions, heavy metal content and leach solution biotoxicity, and accordingly the pollution characteristics and treatment focuses were determined. In view of the pollution characteristics of oily drilling cuttings, the transition state theory was introduced for the first time, based on the chemical cleaning method. A new cutting oil removal mechanism was proposed through theoretical and experimental analysis: an oil droplet has to move through a potential energy barrier before reaching the oil phase from the cutting surface, therefore, the potential energy barrier should be crossed so that the oil in the cuttings can be removed. Then, the oil removal formula for oily drilling cuttings was prepared. Finally, a set of oil removal technologies for oily drilling cuttings based on the chemical cleaning method was developed by means of single-dose screening, formula optimization and oil removal condition selection. It is indicated that by using the oil removing agents of polyoxyethylene and the auxiliary oil removing agents of sulphate and sulphonate, the potential energy barrier can be decreased by 92.81% and the oil removal rate of oily drilling cuttings is up to 93.02%. It is concluded that this technology is safe and simple with a low cost and a high oil removal rate, and it can solve effectively the environmental pollution caused by oily drilling cuttings.
引文
[1]邹才能,董大忠,王玉满,李新景,黄金亮,王淑芳,等.中国页岩气特征、挑战及前景(二)[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):166-178.Zou Caineng,Dong Dazhong,Wang Yuman,Li Xinjing,Huang Jinliang,Wang Shufang,et al.Shale gas in China:Characteristics,challenges and prospects(Ⅱ)[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):166-178.
[2]王中华.页岩气水平井钻井液技术的难点及选用原则[J].中外能源,2012,17(4):43-47.Wang Zhonghua,Difficulty and applicable principle of the drilling fluid technology of horizontal wells for shale gas[J].Sino-Global Energy,2012,17(4):43-47.
[3]安文忠,陈建兵,牟小军,张滨海,许永康.钻屑回注技术及其在国内油田的首次应用[J].石油钻探技术,2003,31(1):22-25.An Wenzhong,Chen Jianbing,Mou Xiaojun,Zhang Binhai&Xu Yongkang.Applications of cuttings re-injection technology used in Penglai 19-3 Oilfield[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2003,31(1):22-25.
[4]Al-Ansary M&Al-Tabbaa A.Stabilisation/solidification of synthetic petroleum drill cuttings[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,141(2):410-421.
[5]陈立荣,黄敏,蒋学彬,李辉,陈强,张敏,等.微生物—土壤联合处理废弃钻井液渣泥技术[J].天然气工业,2015,35(2):100-105.Chen Lirong,Huang Min,Jiang Xuebin,Li Hui,Chen Qiang,Zhang Min,et al.Pilot tests of microbe-soil combined treatment of waste drilling sludge[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(2):100-105.
[6]单海霞,何焕杰,刘晓宇,朱冬梅,马金,位华,等.油基钻屑的生物处理[J].江南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,12(4):470-474.Shan Haixia,He Huanjie,Liu Xiaoyu,Zhu Dongmei,Ma Jin,Wei Hua,et al.Study on biological treatment of oil-based drilling cuttings[J].Journal of Jiangnan University(Natural Science Edition),2013,12(4):470-474.
[7]朱继发,范德顺.密闭式钻屑脱液离心机在钻井液处理中的应用[J].石油机械,2005,33(9):83-85.Zhu Jifa&Fan Deshun.Application of closed drilling fluid centrifuge in drilling fluid treatment[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2005,33(9):83-85.
[8]Robinson JP,Kingman SW,Snape CE,Bradshaw SM,BradleyMSA,Shang H,et al.Scale-up and design of a continuous micro-wave treatment system for the processing of oil-contaminated drill cuttings[J].Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2010,88(2):146-154.
[9]位华,何焕杰,王中华,马金,张鑫,单海霞.油基钻屑微乳液清洗技术研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,28(4):90-94.Wei Hua,He Huanjie,Wang Zhonghua,Ma Jin,Zhang Xin&Shan Haixia.Study on oil-base drilling cuttings cleaning technology using microemulsion cleaner[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2013,28(4):90-94.
[10]王智锋,李作会,董怀荣.页岩油油基钻屑随钻处理装置的研制与应用[J].石油机械,2015,43(1):38-41.Wang Zhifeng,Li Zuohui&Dong Huairong.Apparatus for oilbase cuttings processing while drilling in shale oil wells[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(1):38-41.
[11]Khanpour R,Sheikhi-Kouhsar MR,Esmaeilzadeh F&Mowla D.Removal of contaminants from polluted drilling mud using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction[J].The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2014,88:1-7.
[12]王勇,鄢捷年,李志勇,徐生江,韦火云,李鸿飞.油基钻井液含油钻屑水射流除油技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2014,31(6):39-42.Wang Yong,Yan Jienian,Li Zhiyong,Xu Shengjiang,Wei Huoyun&Li Hongfei.Remove oil-on-cuttings by water jetting[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2014,31(6):39-42.
[13]邓皓,谢水祥,王蓉沙,刘光全,许毓,彭峰,等.含油钻屑高效除油剂及除油机理研究[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(9):3607-3612.Deng Hao,Xie Shuixiang,Wang Rongsha,Liu Guangquan,Xu Yu,Peng Feng,et al.Study on high efficient oil removal agent and its mechanism for oily drilling cuttings[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(9):3607-3612.
[2]王中华.页岩气水平井钻井液技术的难点及选用原则[J].中外能源,2012,17(4):43-47.Wang Zhonghua,Difficulty and applicable principle of the drilling fluid technology of horizontal wells for shale gas[J].Sino-Global Energy,2012,17(4):43-47.
[3]安文忠,陈建兵,牟小军,张滨海,许永康.钻屑回注技术及其在国内油田的首次应用[J].石油钻探技术,2003,31(1):22-25.An Wenzhong,Chen Jianbing,Mou Xiaojun,Zhang Binhai&Xu Yongkang.Applications of cuttings re-injection technology used in Penglai 19-3 Oilfield[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2003,31(1):22-25.
[4]Al-Ansary M&Al-Tabbaa A.Stabilisation/solidification of synthetic petroleum drill cuttings[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,141(2):410-421.
[5]陈立荣,黄敏,蒋学彬,李辉,陈强,张敏,等.微生物—土壤联合处理废弃钻井液渣泥技术[J].天然气工业,2015,35(2):100-105.Chen Lirong,Huang Min,Jiang Xuebin,Li Hui,Chen Qiang,Zhang Min,et al.Pilot tests of microbe-soil combined treatment of waste drilling sludge[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(2):100-105.
[6]单海霞,何焕杰,刘晓宇,朱冬梅,马金,位华,等.油基钻屑的生物处理[J].江南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,12(4):470-474.Shan Haixia,He Huanjie,Liu Xiaoyu,Zhu Dongmei,Ma Jin,Wei Hua,et al.Study on biological treatment of oil-based drilling cuttings[J].Journal of Jiangnan University(Natural Science Edition),2013,12(4):470-474.
[7]朱继发,范德顺.密闭式钻屑脱液离心机在钻井液处理中的应用[J].石油机械,2005,33(9):83-85.Zhu Jifa&Fan Deshun.Application of closed drilling fluid centrifuge in drilling fluid treatment[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2005,33(9):83-85.
[8]Robinson JP,Kingman SW,Snape CE,Bradshaw SM,BradleyMSA,Shang H,et al.Scale-up and design of a continuous micro-wave treatment system for the processing of oil-contaminated drill cuttings[J].Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2010,88(2):146-154.
[9]位华,何焕杰,王中华,马金,张鑫,单海霞.油基钻屑微乳液清洗技术研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,28(4):90-94.Wei Hua,He Huanjie,Wang Zhonghua,Ma Jin,Zhang Xin&Shan Haixia.Study on oil-base drilling cuttings cleaning technology using microemulsion cleaner[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2013,28(4):90-94.
[10]王智锋,李作会,董怀荣.页岩油油基钻屑随钻处理装置的研制与应用[J].石油机械,2015,43(1):38-41.Wang Zhifeng,Li Zuohui&Dong Huairong.Apparatus for oilbase cuttings processing while drilling in shale oil wells[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(1):38-41.
[11]Khanpour R,Sheikhi-Kouhsar MR,Esmaeilzadeh F&Mowla D.Removal of contaminants from polluted drilling mud using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction[J].The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2014,88:1-7.
[12]王勇,鄢捷年,李志勇,徐生江,韦火云,李鸿飞.油基钻井液含油钻屑水射流除油技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2014,31(6):39-42.Wang Yong,Yan Jienian,Li Zhiyong,Xu Shengjiang,Wei Huoyun&Li Hongfei.Remove oil-on-cuttings by water jetting[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2014,31(6):39-42.
[13]邓皓,谢水祥,王蓉沙,刘光全,许毓,彭峰,等.含油钻屑高效除油剂及除油机理研究[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(9):3607-3612.Deng Hao,Xie Shuixiang,Wang Rongsha,Liu Guangquan,Xu Yu,Peng Feng,et al.Study on high efficient oil removal agent and its mechanism for oily drilling cuttings[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(9):3607-3612.