退耕还林工程对河南省森林地上碳储量的影响
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摘要
退耕还林工程作为中国重要的植被恢复工程,其碳汇能力巨大。基于河南省退耕还林实施期间河南省森林资源清查数据(1998-2003年,2003-2008年,2008-2013年),利用生物量转换因子连续函数法,估算河南省森林及人工林的碳储量,同时利用2000-2012年河南省退耕还林工程逐年造林树种和面积,估算退耕还林所种树木的碳储量。结果表明:河南省森林面积、蓄积、碳储量和碳密度分别从1998年的149.77×10~4hm~2,5 258.50×10~4m~3,30.49 Tg和20.36 Mg·hm~(-2)增加到2013年的305.36×10~4hm~2,17 094.56×10~4m~3,91.02 Tg和29.81 Mg·hm~(-2),其中人工林面积、碳储量、碳密度增幅较大。人工林碳储量占林分总碳储量的比例由1998年的29.26%提高到2013年的58.46%。人工林在河南省森林碳汇中发挥着越来越重要的作用,是河南省森林碳汇的主要贡献者,这主要归因于退耕还林工程的实施引起人工林碳储量的增加。2003,2008和2013年退耕还林工程碳储量分别占森林总碳储量的1.58%,15.40%和30.95%。河南省实施退耕还林工程具有较大的碳汇能力。图3表5参32
The Grain for Green Program(GGP),an important ecological restoration project in China,has grea carbon sequestration capacity.To estimate the carbon storage of Henan Province’s forests,based on forest inventory data(1998-2003,2003-2008,and 2008-2013)in Henan Province,as GGP was being implemented carbon storage was estimated using the continuous biomass expansion factor(BEF)method.Meanwhile,the planted area for different tree species under the GGP in Henan Province from 2000-2012 was compiled using empirical growth equations to estimate the carbon stock in living tree biomass.Results showed that from 1998to 2013 in Henan Province,increases were found for forest area from 149.77×10~4hm~2to 305.36×10~4hm~2,volume 5 258.50×10~4m~3to 17 094.56×10~4m~3,carbon storage 30.49 Tg to 91.02 Tg,and carbon density 20.36Mg·hm~(-2)to 29.81 Mg·hm~(-2).Plantation areas,carbon storage,and carbon density greatly increased as the proportion of carbon storage in plantation increased from 29.26%in 1998 to 58.46%in 2013.For the percent of carbon storage from total forest carbon,GGP accounted for 1.58%in 2003,15.40%in 2008,and 30.95%in2013.Thus,plantation played an increasingly important role in forest carbon sequestration and were a major contributor to forest carbon sink in Henan Province which was mainly attributed to implementation of the GGP[Ch,3 fig.5 tab.32 ref.]
The Grain for Green Program(GGP),an important ecological restoration project in China,has grea carbon sequestration capacity.To estimate the carbon storage of Henan Province’s forests,based on forest inventory data(1998-2003,2003-2008,and 2008-2013)in Henan Province,as GGP was being implemented carbon storage was estimated using the continuous biomass expansion factor(BEF)method.Meanwhile,the planted area for different tree species under the GGP in Henan Province from 2000-2012 was compiled using empirical growth equations to estimate the carbon stock in living tree biomass.Results showed that from 1998to 2013 in Henan Province,increases were found for forest area from 149.77×10~4hm~2to 305.36×10~4hm~2,volume 5 258.50×10~4m~3to 17 094.56×10~4m~3,carbon storage 30.49 Tg to 91.02 Tg,and carbon density 20.36Mg·hm~(-2)to 29.81 Mg·hm~(-2).Plantation areas,carbon storage,and carbon density greatly increased as the proportion of carbon storage in plantation increased from 29.26%in 1998 to 58.46%in 2013.For the percent of carbon storage from total forest carbon,GGP accounted for 1.58%in 2003,15.40%in 2008,and 30.95%in2013.Thus,plantation played an increasingly important role in forest carbon sequestration and were a major contributor to forest carbon sink in Henan Province which was mainly attributed to implementation of the GGP[Ch,3 fig.5 tab.32 ref.]
引文
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[13]兰斯安,杜虎,曾馥平,等.不同林龄杉木人工林碳储量及其分配格局[J].应用生态学报, 2016, 27(4):1125-1134.LAN Sian, DU Hu, ZENG Fuping, et al. Carbon storage and allocation in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations with different stand ages[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2017, 27(4):1125-1134.
[14]蔡丽莎,陈先刚,郭颖,等.贵州省退耕还林工程碳汇潜力[J].浙江林学院学报, 2009, 26(5):722-728.CAI Lisha, CHEN Xiangang, GUO Yin, et al. Carbon sequstration potential with the Grain for Green Program in Guizhou Province[J]. J Zhejiang For Coll, 2009, 26(5):722-728.
[15]刘博杰,张路,逯非,等.中国退耕还林工程温室气体排放与净固碳量[J].应用生态学报, 2016, 27(6):1693-1707.LIU Bojie, ZHANG Lu, LU Fei, et al. Greenhouse gas emissions and net carbon sequestration of “Grain for Green”Program in China[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2016, 27(6):1693-1707.
[16]SONG Xinzhang, PENG Changhui, ZHOU Guomo, et al. Chinese Grain for Green Program led to highly increased soil organic carbon levels:a meta-analysis[J]. Sci Rep, 2014, 4(3):4460.
[17]CHEN Xiangang, ZHANG Xiaoquan, ZHANG Yiping, et al. Carbon sequestration potential of the stands under the Grain for Green Program in Yunnan Province, China[J]. For Ecol Manage, 2009, 258(3):199-206.
[18]赵体顺.林农复合生态系统物质循环的研究(Ⅰ).农田林网杨树生物量的研究[J].农村生态环境, 1989(2):1-5.ZHAO Tishun. Study on the nutrient cycling of a compound ecosystem of agro forestry(I). study on the biomass of polar in the farmland shelterbelt forest[J]. Rural Ecol Environ, 1989(2):1-5.
[19]冯宗伟,王效科,吴刚.农林业系统结果与功能[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社, 1992.
[20]王其吉.河南杉木[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社, 1999.
[21]赵体顺,光增云,赵义民,等.日本落叶松人工林生物量及生产力的研究[J].河南农业大学学报, 1999, 33(4):350-353.ZHAO Tishun, GUANG Zengyun, ZHAO Yimin, et al. Study on biomass and productivity of Larix kaempferi plantation[J]. J Henan Agric Univ, 1999, 33(4):350-353.
[22]曾伟生.云南省森林生物量与生产力研究[J].中南林业调查规划, 2005, 24(4):1-3, 13.ZENG Weisheng. Research on forest biomass and productivity in Yunnan[J]. Cent South For Inventory Plann, 2005,24(4):1-3, 13.
[23]李海奎,雷渊才.中国森林植被生物量和碳储量评估[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2010.
[24]XU Bing, GUO Zaodi, PIAO Shilong, et al. Biomass carbon stocks in China’s forests between 2000 and 2050:a prediction based on forest biomass-age relationships[J]. Sci China Life Sci, 2010, 53(7):776-783.
[25]LIU Dan, CHEN Yang, CAI Wenwen, et al. The contribution of China’s Grain to Green Program to carbon sequestration[J]. Landscape Ecol, 2014, 29(10):1675-1688.
[26]ZHANG Chunhua, JU Weimin, CHEN Jing, et al. Disturbance-induced reduction of biomass carbon sinks of China’s forests in recent years[J]. Environ Res Lett, 2015, 10(11):114021.
[27]张春华,居为民,王登杰,等. 2004-2013年山东省森林碳储量及其碳汇经济价值[J].生态学报, 2018, 38(5):1-10.ZHANG Chunhua, JU Weimin, WANG Dengjie, et al. Biomass carbon stocks and economic value dynamics of forests in Shandong Province from 2004 to 2013[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2018, 38(5):1-10.
[28]李世东,胡淑萍,唐小明.中国生态状况报告2012森林植被碳储量动态变化研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[29]李炎丽,梁浩,梁保松.河南省碳排放因素分解及关联分析[J].河南农业大学学报, 2011, 45(5):605-610.LI Yanli, LIANG Hao, LIANG Baosong. Factor decomposition and correlation analysis on the carbon emissions in Henan Province[J]. J Henan Agric Univ, 2011, 45(5):605-610.
[30]FRIEDLINGSTEIN P, ANDREW R M, ROGELJ J, et al. Persistent growth of CO2emissions and implications for reaching climate targets[J]. Nat Geosci, 2014, 7(10):709-715.
[31]李士美,杨传强,王宏年,等.基于森林资源清查资料分析山东省森林立木碳储量[J].应用生态学报,2014, 25(8):2215-2220.LI Shimei, YANG Chuanqiang, WANG Hongnian, et al. Carbon storage of forest stands in Shandong Province estimated by forestry inventory data[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2014, 25(8):2215-2220.
[32]REN Hai, CHEN Hua, LI Linjun, et al. Spatial and temporal patterns of carbon storage from 1992 to 2002 in forest ecosystems in Guangdong, Southern China[J]. Plant Soil, 2013, 363(1/2):123-138.
[2]LI Dejun, NIU Shuli, LUO Yiqi. Global patterns of the dynamics of soil carbon and nitrogen stocks following afforestation:a meta analysis[J]. New Phytol, 2012, 195(1):172-181.
[3]DENG Lei, LIU Guobin, SHANGGUAN Zhouping. Land-use conversion and changing soil carbon stocks in China’s‘Grain-for-Green’Program:a synthesis[J]. Globe Change Biol, 2014, 20(11):3544-3556.
[4]国家林业局.退耕还林工程生态效益监测国家报告(2013)[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2013.
[5]WANG Yanfang, LIU Ling, SHANGGUAN Zhouping. Carbon storage and carbon sequestration potential under the Grain for Green Program in Henan Province, China[J]. Ecol Eng, 2017, 100:147-156.
[6]RICHTER D D, MARKEWITZ D, TRUMBORE S E, et al. Rapid accumulation and turnover of soil carbon in a re-establishing forest[J]. Nature, 1999, 400(6739):56-58.
[7]FANG Jingyun, CHEN Anping, PENG Changhui, et al. Changes in forest biomass carbon storage in China between1949 and 1998[J]. Science, 2001, 292(5525):2320-2322.
[8]LAL R. Soil carbon sequestration in China through agricultural intensi cation and restoration of degraded and deserti ed ecosystems[J]. Land Degradation Dev, 2002, 13:469-478.
[9]CANADELL J G, RAUPACH M P. Managing forests for climate change mitigation[J]. Science, 2008, 320(5882):1456-1457.
[10]MILES L, KAPOS V. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions form deforestation and forest degradation:global land-use implications[J]. Science, 2008, 320(5882):1454-1455.
[11]WANG Kaibo, DENG Lei, REN Zongping, et al. Dynamics of ecosystem carbon stocks during vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. J Arid Land, 2016, 8(2):207-220.
[12]程然然,关晋宏,张建国,等.甘肃省5种典型人工林生态系统固碳现状与潜力[J].应用生态学报,2017, 28(4):1112-1120.CHENG Ranran, GUAN Jinhong, ZHANG Jianguo, et al. Carbon storage and sequestration potential of five typical plantation ecosystems in Gansu Province, China[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2017, 28(4):1112-1120.
[13]兰斯安,杜虎,曾馥平,等.不同林龄杉木人工林碳储量及其分配格局[J].应用生态学报, 2016, 27(4):1125-1134.LAN Sian, DU Hu, ZENG Fuping, et al. Carbon storage and allocation in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations with different stand ages[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2017, 27(4):1125-1134.
[14]蔡丽莎,陈先刚,郭颖,等.贵州省退耕还林工程碳汇潜力[J].浙江林学院学报, 2009, 26(5):722-728.CAI Lisha, CHEN Xiangang, GUO Yin, et al. Carbon sequstration potential with the Grain for Green Program in Guizhou Province[J]. J Zhejiang For Coll, 2009, 26(5):722-728.
[15]刘博杰,张路,逯非,等.中国退耕还林工程温室气体排放与净固碳量[J].应用生态学报, 2016, 27(6):1693-1707.LIU Bojie, ZHANG Lu, LU Fei, et al. Greenhouse gas emissions and net carbon sequestration of “Grain for Green”Program in China[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2016, 27(6):1693-1707.
[16]SONG Xinzhang, PENG Changhui, ZHOU Guomo, et al. Chinese Grain for Green Program led to highly increased soil organic carbon levels:a meta-analysis[J]. Sci Rep, 2014, 4(3):4460.
[17]CHEN Xiangang, ZHANG Xiaoquan, ZHANG Yiping, et al. Carbon sequestration potential of the stands under the Grain for Green Program in Yunnan Province, China[J]. For Ecol Manage, 2009, 258(3):199-206.
[18]赵体顺.林农复合生态系统物质循环的研究(Ⅰ).农田林网杨树生物量的研究[J].农村生态环境, 1989(2):1-5.ZHAO Tishun. Study on the nutrient cycling of a compound ecosystem of agro forestry(I). study on the biomass of polar in the farmland shelterbelt forest[J]. Rural Ecol Environ, 1989(2):1-5.
[19]冯宗伟,王效科,吴刚.农林业系统结果与功能[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社, 1992.
[20]王其吉.河南杉木[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社, 1999.
[21]赵体顺,光增云,赵义民,等.日本落叶松人工林生物量及生产力的研究[J].河南农业大学学报, 1999, 33(4):350-353.ZHAO Tishun, GUANG Zengyun, ZHAO Yimin, et al. Study on biomass and productivity of Larix kaempferi plantation[J]. J Henan Agric Univ, 1999, 33(4):350-353.
[22]曾伟生.云南省森林生物量与生产力研究[J].中南林业调查规划, 2005, 24(4):1-3, 13.ZENG Weisheng. Research on forest biomass and productivity in Yunnan[J]. Cent South For Inventory Plann, 2005,24(4):1-3, 13.
[23]李海奎,雷渊才.中国森林植被生物量和碳储量评估[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2010.
[24]XU Bing, GUO Zaodi, PIAO Shilong, et al. Biomass carbon stocks in China’s forests between 2000 and 2050:a prediction based on forest biomass-age relationships[J]. Sci China Life Sci, 2010, 53(7):776-783.
[25]LIU Dan, CHEN Yang, CAI Wenwen, et al. The contribution of China’s Grain to Green Program to carbon sequestration[J]. Landscape Ecol, 2014, 29(10):1675-1688.
[26]ZHANG Chunhua, JU Weimin, CHEN Jing, et al. Disturbance-induced reduction of biomass carbon sinks of China’s forests in recent years[J]. Environ Res Lett, 2015, 10(11):114021.
[27]张春华,居为民,王登杰,等. 2004-2013年山东省森林碳储量及其碳汇经济价值[J].生态学报, 2018, 38(5):1-10.ZHANG Chunhua, JU Weimin, WANG Dengjie, et al. Biomass carbon stocks and economic value dynamics of forests in Shandong Province from 2004 to 2013[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2018, 38(5):1-10.
[28]李世东,胡淑萍,唐小明.中国生态状况报告2012森林植被碳储量动态变化研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[29]李炎丽,梁浩,梁保松.河南省碳排放因素分解及关联分析[J].河南农业大学学报, 2011, 45(5):605-610.LI Yanli, LIANG Hao, LIANG Baosong. Factor decomposition and correlation analysis on the carbon emissions in Henan Province[J]. J Henan Agric Univ, 2011, 45(5):605-610.
[30]FRIEDLINGSTEIN P, ANDREW R M, ROGELJ J, et al. Persistent growth of CO2emissions and implications for reaching climate targets[J]. Nat Geosci, 2014, 7(10):709-715.
[31]李士美,杨传强,王宏年,等.基于森林资源清查资料分析山东省森林立木碳储量[J].应用生态学报,2014, 25(8):2215-2220.LI Shimei, YANG Chuanqiang, WANG Hongnian, et al. Carbon storage of forest stands in Shandong Province estimated by forestry inventory data[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2014, 25(8):2215-2220.
[32]REN Hai, CHEN Hua, LI Linjun, et al. Spatial and temporal patterns of carbon storage from 1992 to 2002 in forest ecosystems in Guangdong, Southern China[J]. Plant Soil, 2013, 363(1/2):123-138.