钱塘江下切河谷充填物沉积序列和分布模式
|
摘要
以最新钻取的SE2孔沉积物为重点研究对象,对晚第四纪以来钱塘江下切河谷充填物的沉积特征和沉积相进行了精细研究,重建了研究区地层结构和层序地层格架,总结了强潮型钱塘江河口湾和下切河谷的沉积模式。钱塘江下切河谷充填物自下而上依次发育河床、河漫滩、古河口湾、近岸浅海和现代河口湾5种沉积相类型,表现为一个较完整的Ⅰ型层序,其内部层序界面、初始海泛面、最大海泛面、海侵和海退潮流侵蚀面、体系域内海侵面发育。钱塘江下切河谷充填物自海向陆可划分为海向段、近海段、近陆段和陆向段4段,各段沉积序列和海陆相互作用程度不同。在钱塘江下切河谷充填物中海陆过渡部位首次明确划分出了古河口湾相,并对其沉积特征和分布模式进行了初步探讨;其形成时间在9000 a BP左右,具有与现代河口湾不同的沉积特征,表现为中部为潮道砂体沉积,向陆渐变为受潮流影响的河流沉积,两侧被潮坪或盐沼沉积包围,沉积物在平面上自陆向海呈现粗—细—粗的分布模式。现代河口湾平面上自陆向海依次发育受潮流影响的河流沉积、粉砂质砂坎、潮道—潮流砂脊复合体和湾口泥质沉积区,沉积物呈现粗—细—粗—细的分布模式,与大多数河口湾常见的粗—细—粗的分布格局明显不同。
The present-day Qiantang River(QR) estuary is a world-famous tide-dominated estuary,and is one of the most sensitive areas for postglacial global sea-level changes in China.Filling of the QR incised valley was initiated by marine inundation during the transgression after the Last Glacial Maximum and has continued during the Holocene sea-level stillstand.From bottom to top it could be grouped into five sedimentary facies:Fluvial channel,floodplain,paleo-estuary,offshore shallow marine,and present-day estuary.The QR incised valley deposits occur as a relatively complete type I sequence with the sequence boundary,initial flooding surface,maximum flooding surface,tidal-ravinement surfaces and tidal-erosion surfaces well-developed.Filling of the QR incised valley consists of four longitudinal segments:Seaward segment,offshore segment,the third segment and innermost segment,each of which is characterized by a distinct stratigraphic succession,and different degrees of marine and fluvial influences.This is the first time the paleo-estuary facies has been recognized,formed about 9000 a BP.It has a distinct sedimentary succession from the present-day estuary,and is characterized by a large number of tidal-channel sand bodies flanked by mudflats and salt-marshes in the landward part of estuary,passing headward into the tidal-fluvial channel.The present-day estuary is mainly composed of bay-mouth sediments,as well as a complex of tidal sand ridges and channels at the mouth,followed headward by a silty bar,which passes landward to a single tidal-fluvial channel.The sediments of paleo-estuary present a coarse-fine-coarse seaward pattern.By comparison,the deposits of present-day estuary show a coarse-fine-coarse-fine pattern from land to the sea,which is in general similar to the grain-size distribution in tide-dominated estuaries,but a significant difference exists in that the bay-mouth sediments of the present-day estuary are mud-dominated.
The present-day Qiantang River(QR) estuary is a world-famous tide-dominated estuary,and is one of the most sensitive areas for postglacial global sea-level changes in China.Filling of the QR incised valley was initiated by marine inundation during the transgression after the Last Glacial Maximum and has continued during the Holocene sea-level stillstand.From bottom to top it could be grouped into five sedimentary facies:Fluvial channel,floodplain,paleo-estuary,offshore shallow marine,and present-day estuary.The QR incised valley deposits occur as a relatively complete type I sequence with the sequence boundary,initial flooding surface,maximum flooding surface,tidal-ravinement surfaces and tidal-erosion surfaces well-developed.Filling of the QR incised valley consists of four longitudinal segments:Seaward segment,offshore segment,the third segment and innermost segment,each of which is characterized by a distinct stratigraphic succession,and different degrees of marine and fluvial influences.This is the first time the paleo-estuary facies has been recognized,formed about 9000 a BP.It has a distinct sedimentary succession from the present-day estuary,and is characterized by a large number of tidal-channel sand bodies flanked by mudflats and salt-marshes in the landward part of estuary,passing headward into the tidal-fluvial channel.The present-day estuary is mainly composed of bay-mouth sediments,as well as a complex of tidal sand ridges and channels at the mouth,followed headward by a silty bar,which passes landward to a single tidal-fluvial channel.The sediments of paleo-estuary present a coarse-fine-coarse seaward pattern.By comparison,the deposits of present-day estuary show a coarse-fine-coarse-fine pattern from land to the sea,which is in general similar to the grain-size distribution in tide-dominated estuaries,but a significant difference exists in that the bay-mouth sediments of the present-day estuary are mud-dominated.
引文
蔡祖仁,林洪泉.1984.浙北杭嘉湖平原全新世地层[J].地层学杂志,8(1):10-18.
高抒,李安春.2000.浅海现代沉积作用研究展望[J].海洋科学,24(2):1-3.
李保华,王晓燕,孔晓敏,等.2012.浙江萧山SE2钻孔中的有孔虫化石记录及其古环境意义[J].微体古生物学报,29(2):121-129.
李从先,陈刚,钟和贤,等.1993.冰后期钱塘江口沉积层序和环境演变[J].第四纪研究,(1):16-24.
李从先,范代读,杨守业,等.2008.中国河口三角洲地区晚第四纪下切河谷层序特征和形成[J].古地理学报,10(1):87-97.
李广雪,杨子赓,刘勇.2005.中国东部海域海底沉积物成因环境图[M].北京:科学出版社,65-100.
李艳丽,林春明,张霞,等.2011.钱塘江河口区晚第四纪古环境演化及其元素地球化学响应[J].第四纪研究,31(5):822-836.
林春明.1997.杭州湾地区15 000 a以来层序地层学初步研究[J].地质论评,43(3):273-280.
林春明,黄志诚,朱嗣昭,等.1999.杭州湾沿岸平原晚第四纪沉积特征和沉积过程[J].地质学报,73(2):120-130.
林春明,李广月,卓弘春,等.2005.杭州湾地区晚第四纪下切河谷充填物沉积相与浅层生物气勘探[J].古地理学报,7(1):12-24.
潘峰,林春明,李艳丽,等.2011.钱塘江南岸SE2孔晚第四纪以来沉积物粒度特征及环境演化[J].古地理学报,13(2):236-244.
汪品先,闵秋宝,卞云华,等.1981.我国东部第四纪海侵地层的初步研究[J].地质学报,55(1):1-12.
王颖.2012.中国区域海洋学:海洋地貌学[M].北京:海洋出版社,371-377.
张霞.2013.强潮型钱塘江河口湾及其下切河谷体系研究[D].南京大学博士学位论文.
朱永其,李承伊,曾成开,等.1979.关于东海大陆架晚更新世最底海面[J].科学通报,24(7):317-320.
Allen G P,Posamentier H W.1993.Sequence stratigraphy and facies model of an incised valley fill:The Gironde estuary,France[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,63:378-391.
Boyd R,Dalrymple R W,Zaitlin B A.2006.Estuarine and incised-valley facies models[C].In:Posamentier H W,Walker R G(eds).Facies models revisited.SEPM Special Publication,84:171-234.
Catuneanu O.2006.Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy[M].Elsevier Radarweg 29,PO Box 211,1000 AE Amsterdam,The Netherlands,The Boulevard,Langford Lane,Kidlington,Oxford OX5 1GB,UK,105-159.
Dalrymple R W.1992.Tidal depositional systems[C].In:Walker R G,James N P(eds).Facies Models-Response to Sea Level Change.Geological Association of Canada:195-218.
Dalrymple R W,Zaitlin B A.1994.High-resolution sequence stratigraphy of a complex,incised valley succession,Cobequid Bay-Salmon River estuary,Bay of Fundy,Canada[J].Sedimentology,41:1069-1091.
Dalrymple R W,Boyd R,Zaitlin B A.1994.History of research,types and internal organization of incised-valley systems:Introduction to the volume[C].In:Dalrymple R W,Boyd R,Zaitlin B A(eds).Incised-Valley Systems:Origin and Sedimentary Sequences.SEPM Special Publication,51:3-10.
Dalrymple R W,Mackay D A,Ichaso A A,et al.2012.Processes,Morphodynamics,and Facies of Tide-Dominated Estuaries[C].In:Davis Jr R A,Dalrymple R W(eds).Principles of Tidal Sedimentology.New York,Springer,79-107.
Dalrymple R W,Zaitlin B A,Boyd R A.1992.A conceptual model of estuarine sedimentation[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,62:1130-1146.
Frings R M.2008.Downstream fining in large sand-bed rivers[J].EarthScience Reviews,87:39-60.
Hori K,Saito Y,Zhao Q,et al.2001.Sedimentary facies and Holocene progradation rates of the Changjiang(Yangtze)delta,China[J].Geomorphology,41:233-248.
Hughes Z J.2012.Tidal channels on tidal flats and marshes[C].In:Davis Jr R A,Dalrymple R W(eds).Principles of Tidal Sedimentology.New York:Springer,269-300.
Li,C X,Zhang G J.1996.The unconformity and diastems in the postglacial sequence in the Changjiang Delta and Qiantangjiang Estuary[J].Progress of Natural Science,6:206-216.
Li C X,Chen Q Q,Zhang J Q,et al.2000.Stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental changes in the Late Quaternary[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,18:453-469.
Li C X,Wang P,Fan D D,et al.2006.Characteristics and formation of late Quaternary incised-valley-fill sequences in sediment-rich deltas and estuaries:Case studies from China[C].In:Dalrymple R W,Leckie D A,Tillman R W(eds).Incised Valleys in Time and Space.SEPM Special Publication,85:141-160.
Li C X,Wang P,Sun H P,et al.2002.Late Quaternary incised-valley fill of the Yangtze delta(China):Its stratigraphic framework and evolution[J].Sedimentary Geology,152:133-158.
Li Y L,Lin C M.2010.Exploration methods for late Quaternary shallow biogenic gas reservoirs in the Hangzhou Bay area,eastern China[J].AAPG Bulletin,94(11):1741-1759.
Lin C M,Li Y L,Zhuo H C,et al.2010.Feature and sealing mechanism of shallow biogenic gas in incised valley fills(the Qiantang River,eastern China):A case study[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,27:909-922.
Lin C M,Zhuo H C,Gao S.2005.Sedimentary facies and evolution of the Qiantang River incised valley,East China[J].Marine Geology,219(4):235-259.
Parker G.1991.Selective sorting and abrasion of river gravel,Ⅰ:Theory[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,117:131-147.
Pemberton S G,MacEachern J A,Frey R W.1992.Trace fossil faciesmodels:Environmental and allostratigraphic significance[C].In:Walker R G,James N P(eds).Facies Models:Response to Sea Level Change.Geological Association of Canada,47-72.
Reynaud J Y,Dalrymple R W.2012.Shallow-marine tidal deposits[C].In:Davis Jr R A,Dalrymple R W(eds).Principles of Tidal Sedimentology.New York:Springer,335-369.
Sakai T,Fujiwara O,Kamataki T.2006.Incised-valley-fill succession affected by rapid tectonic uplifts:An example from the uppermost Pleistocene to Holocene of the Isumi River lowland,central Boso Peninsula,Japan[J].Sedimentary Geology,185:21-39.
Uehara K,Saito Y.2003.Late Quaternary evolution of the Yellow/East China Sea tidal regime and its impacts on sediments dispersal and seafloor morphology[J].Sedimentary Geology,162:25-38.
Uehara K,Saito Y,Hori K.2002.Paleotidal regime in the Changjiang(Yangtze)estuary,the East China Sea,and the Yellow Sea at 6 ka and 10 ka estimated from a numerical model[J].Marine Geology,183:179-192.
Zaitlin B A,Dalrymple R W,Boyd R.1994.The stratigraphic organization of incised valley systems[J].SEPM Special Publication,51:45-60.
Zhang G J,Li C X.1996.The fills and stratigraphic sequences in the Qiantangjiang incised paleovalley,China[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,66:406-414.
高抒,李安春.2000.浅海现代沉积作用研究展望[J].海洋科学,24(2):1-3.
李保华,王晓燕,孔晓敏,等.2012.浙江萧山SE2钻孔中的有孔虫化石记录及其古环境意义[J].微体古生物学报,29(2):121-129.
李从先,陈刚,钟和贤,等.1993.冰后期钱塘江口沉积层序和环境演变[J].第四纪研究,(1):16-24.
李从先,范代读,杨守业,等.2008.中国河口三角洲地区晚第四纪下切河谷层序特征和形成[J].古地理学报,10(1):87-97.
李广雪,杨子赓,刘勇.2005.中国东部海域海底沉积物成因环境图[M].北京:科学出版社,65-100.
李艳丽,林春明,张霞,等.2011.钱塘江河口区晚第四纪古环境演化及其元素地球化学响应[J].第四纪研究,31(5):822-836.
林春明.1997.杭州湾地区15 000 a以来层序地层学初步研究[J].地质论评,43(3):273-280.
林春明,黄志诚,朱嗣昭,等.1999.杭州湾沿岸平原晚第四纪沉积特征和沉积过程[J].地质学报,73(2):120-130.
林春明,李广月,卓弘春,等.2005.杭州湾地区晚第四纪下切河谷充填物沉积相与浅层生物气勘探[J].古地理学报,7(1):12-24.
潘峰,林春明,李艳丽,等.2011.钱塘江南岸SE2孔晚第四纪以来沉积物粒度特征及环境演化[J].古地理学报,13(2):236-244.
汪品先,闵秋宝,卞云华,等.1981.我国东部第四纪海侵地层的初步研究[J].地质学报,55(1):1-12.
王颖.2012.中国区域海洋学:海洋地貌学[M].北京:海洋出版社,371-377.
张霞.2013.强潮型钱塘江河口湾及其下切河谷体系研究[D].南京大学博士学位论文.
朱永其,李承伊,曾成开,等.1979.关于东海大陆架晚更新世最底海面[J].科学通报,24(7):317-320.
Allen G P,Posamentier H W.1993.Sequence stratigraphy and facies model of an incised valley fill:The Gironde estuary,France[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,63:378-391.
Boyd R,Dalrymple R W,Zaitlin B A.2006.Estuarine and incised-valley facies models[C].In:Posamentier H W,Walker R G(eds).Facies models revisited.SEPM Special Publication,84:171-234.
Catuneanu O.2006.Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy[M].Elsevier Radarweg 29,PO Box 211,1000 AE Amsterdam,The Netherlands,The Boulevard,Langford Lane,Kidlington,Oxford OX5 1GB,UK,105-159.
Dalrymple R W.1992.Tidal depositional systems[C].In:Walker R G,James N P(eds).Facies Models-Response to Sea Level Change.Geological Association of Canada:195-218.
Dalrymple R W,Zaitlin B A.1994.High-resolution sequence stratigraphy of a complex,incised valley succession,Cobequid Bay-Salmon River estuary,Bay of Fundy,Canada[J].Sedimentology,41:1069-1091.
Dalrymple R W,Boyd R,Zaitlin B A.1994.History of research,types and internal organization of incised-valley systems:Introduction to the volume[C].In:Dalrymple R W,Boyd R,Zaitlin B A(eds).Incised-Valley Systems:Origin and Sedimentary Sequences.SEPM Special Publication,51:3-10.
Dalrymple R W,Mackay D A,Ichaso A A,et al.2012.Processes,Morphodynamics,and Facies of Tide-Dominated Estuaries[C].In:Davis Jr R A,Dalrymple R W(eds).Principles of Tidal Sedimentology.New York,Springer,79-107.
Dalrymple R W,Zaitlin B A,Boyd R A.1992.A conceptual model of estuarine sedimentation[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,62:1130-1146.
Frings R M.2008.Downstream fining in large sand-bed rivers[J].EarthScience Reviews,87:39-60.
Hori K,Saito Y,Zhao Q,et al.2001.Sedimentary facies and Holocene progradation rates of the Changjiang(Yangtze)delta,China[J].Geomorphology,41:233-248.
Hughes Z J.2012.Tidal channels on tidal flats and marshes[C].In:Davis Jr R A,Dalrymple R W(eds).Principles of Tidal Sedimentology.New York:Springer,269-300.
Li,C X,Zhang G J.1996.The unconformity and diastems in the postglacial sequence in the Changjiang Delta and Qiantangjiang Estuary[J].Progress of Natural Science,6:206-216.
Li C X,Chen Q Q,Zhang J Q,et al.2000.Stratigraphy and paleoenvironmental changes in the Late Quaternary[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,18:453-469.
Li C X,Wang P,Fan D D,et al.2006.Characteristics and formation of late Quaternary incised-valley-fill sequences in sediment-rich deltas and estuaries:Case studies from China[C].In:Dalrymple R W,Leckie D A,Tillman R W(eds).Incised Valleys in Time and Space.SEPM Special Publication,85:141-160.
Li C X,Wang P,Sun H P,et al.2002.Late Quaternary incised-valley fill of the Yangtze delta(China):Its stratigraphic framework and evolution[J].Sedimentary Geology,152:133-158.
Li Y L,Lin C M.2010.Exploration methods for late Quaternary shallow biogenic gas reservoirs in the Hangzhou Bay area,eastern China[J].AAPG Bulletin,94(11):1741-1759.
Lin C M,Li Y L,Zhuo H C,et al.2010.Feature and sealing mechanism of shallow biogenic gas in incised valley fills(the Qiantang River,eastern China):A case study[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,27:909-922.
Lin C M,Zhuo H C,Gao S.2005.Sedimentary facies and evolution of the Qiantang River incised valley,East China[J].Marine Geology,219(4):235-259.
Parker G.1991.Selective sorting and abrasion of river gravel,Ⅰ:Theory[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,117:131-147.
Pemberton S G,MacEachern J A,Frey R W.1992.Trace fossil faciesmodels:Environmental and allostratigraphic significance[C].In:Walker R G,James N P(eds).Facies Models:Response to Sea Level Change.Geological Association of Canada,47-72.
Reynaud J Y,Dalrymple R W.2012.Shallow-marine tidal deposits[C].In:Davis Jr R A,Dalrymple R W(eds).Principles of Tidal Sedimentology.New York:Springer,335-369.
Sakai T,Fujiwara O,Kamataki T.2006.Incised-valley-fill succession affected by rapid tectonic uplifts:An example from the uppermost Pleistocene to Holocene of the Isumi River lowland,central Boso Peninsula,Japan[J].Sedimentary Geology,185:21-39.
Uehara K,Saito Y.2003.Late Quaternary evolution of the Yellow/East China Sea tidal regime and its impacts on sediments dispersal and seafloor morphology[J].Sedimentary Geology,162:25-38.
Uehara K,Saito Y,Hori K.2002.Paleotidal regime in the Changjiang(Yangtze)estuary,the East China Sea,and the Yellow Sea at 6 ka and 10 ka estimated from a numerical model[J].Marine Geology,183:179-192.
Zaitlin B A,Dalrymple R W,Boyd R.1994.The stratigraphic organization of incised valley systems[J].SEPM Special Publication,51:45-60.
Zhang G J,Li C X.1996.The fills and stratigraphic sequences in the Qiantangjiang incised paleovalley,China[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,66:406-414.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |