悬索桥主缆钢丝腐蚀速率计算方法
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摘要
悬索桥主缆钢丝的腐蚀严重影响着主缆的安全服役,缆内钢丝的腐蚀与其所处的缆内微环境有密切的关系,为预测悬索桥主缆内各区域中钢丝的腐蚀发展和剩余承载力,需建立主缆钢丝区域化腐蚀环境与腐蚀速率之间的计算关系。采用正交试验原理将影响钢丝腐蚀的:温度、相对湿度、Na Cl浓度、p H值、钢丝拉力5个主要因素分为两组,分别采用极化电阻腐蚀传感器和电化学工作站三电极体系两种测量手段对正交工况下的钢丝腐蚀速率进行测量。试验分析数据表明:在试验因素的取值范围内相对湿度和p H值各为两组因素中的主要因素,Na Cl浓度和p H值两个因素之间存在交互效应,温度、相对湿度、钢丝拉力之间相互独立;通过最小二乘法分别拟合得到5个因素与钢丝腐蚀速率之间的拟合计算关系;将实测的主缆内各区域的腐蚀环境统计为腐蚀环境年谱,并代入腐蚀速率与环境因素的计算关系,得到主缆各区域内钢丝的腐蚀速率和直径损失,其中主缆顶部区域腐蚀速率最高为0. 010 8 mm/a,服役20年后直径损失约为0. 02 mm即镀锌层耗损完毕,与实际桥梁检测情况吻合,服役100年直径损失将达到约1. 1 mm,将不能满足主缆的设计要求。建立的腐蚀速率计算方法为计算钢丝腐蚀量提供参考。
The corrosion of the main cable of suspension bridge seriously affects the safe service of the main cable,the corrosion of the steel wire inside the cable is closely related to the inside microenvironment. In order to predict the corrosion stage of steel wires in different parts of the main cable of suspension bridge,it is necessary to establish the calculation relation between the corrosive environment and the corrosion rate of the main cable steel wires. Dividing the 5 main factors affecting steel corrosion,including temperature,relative humidity,NaCl concentration,p H value and steel wire tension into 2 groups by orthogonal test principle,the corrosion rates of steel wires are measured by polarization resistance corrosion sensor and electrochemical workstation 3-electrode system. The analysis of experimental data shows that( 1) the main factors among the 2 groups within the range of experimental factors are relative humidity and pH value respectively;( 2)there is an interaction between NaCl concentration and pH value,while temperature,relative humidity and steel wire tension are independent of each other. The fitting calculation relationships between the 5 factors and the corrosion rate of steel wire are obtained by least squares fitting. The corrosion environment of each part in the measured main cable is counted as the corrosion environment aging spectrum,which is put into the calculation relationship between the corrosion rate and the environmental factors. Thus,the corrosion rate and the diameter loss of each part of the main cable are obtained. The corrosion rate in the top part of the maincable is up to 0. 010 8 mm/a,the diameter loss after 20 years of service is about 0. 02 mm,i. e.,the galvanized layer is worn out,which is consistent with the actual bridge detection. After 100 years of service,the diameter loss is about 1. 1 mm,which will not meet the design requirements. The established corrosion rate calculation method provides a reference for calculating the corrosion amount of steel wire. The proposed calculation method of corrosion rate will provide a reference for calculating corrosion amount of steel wire.
The corrosion of the main cable of suspension bridge seriously affects the safe service of the main cable,the corrosion of the steel wire inside the cable is closely related to the inside microenvironment. In order to predict the corrosion stage of steel wires in different parts of the main cable of suspension bridge,it is necessary to establish the calculation relation between the corrosive environment and the corrosion rate of the main cable steel wires. Dividing the 5 main factors affecting steel corrosion,including temperature,relative humidity,NaCl concentration,p H value and steel wire tension into 2 groups by orthogonal test principle,the corrosion rates of steel wires are measured by polarization resistance corrosion sensor and electrochemical workstation 3-electrode system. The analysis of experimental data shows that( 1) the main factors among the 2 groups within the range of experimental factors are relative humidity and pH value respectively;( 2)there is an interaction between NaCl concentration and pH value,while temperature,relative humidity and steel wire tension are independent of each other. The fitting calculation relationships between the 5 factors and the corrosion rate of steel wire are obtained by least squares fitting. The corrosion environment of each part in the measured main cable is counted as the corrosion environment aging spectrum,which is put into the calculation relationship between the corrosion rate and the environmental factors. Thus,the corrosion rate and the diameter loss of each part of the main cable are obtained. The corrosion rate in the top part of the maincable is up to 0. 010 8 mm/a,the diameter loss after 20 years of service is about 0. 02 mm,i. e.,the galvanized layer is worn out,which is consistent with the actual bridge detection. After 100 years of service,the diameter loss is about 1. 1 mm,which will not meet the design requirements. The established corrosion rate calculation method provides a reference for calculating the corrosion amount of steel wire. The proposed calculation method of corrosion rate will provide a reference for calculating corrosion amount of steel wire.
引文
[1]陈小雨,沈锐利,唐茂林.悬索桥主缆检测及承载力评估现状与发展[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2013,32(增1):760-763,831.CHEN Xiao-yu,SHEN Rui-li,TANG Mao-lin. Current Situation and Development for Detection and Bearing Capacity Evaluation of Main Cable of Suspension Bridge[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Natural Science,2013,32(S1):760-763,831.
[2]陈小雨,沈锐利,张培炎.悬索桥主缆的内部检测[J].世界桥梁,2013,41(1):86-90.CHEN Xiao-yu,SHEN Rui-li,ZHANG Pei-yan. Internal Detection of Main Cable of Suspension Bridge[J]. World Bridges,2013,41(1):86-90.
[3] BETTI R,YANEV B. Conditions of Suspension Bridge Cables:New York City Case Study[J]. Transportation Research Record,1999,1654:105-112.
[4]周克忠,李颖.悬索桥主缆防护技术及应用[J].电镀与涂饰,2017,36(22):1227-1231.ZHOU Ke-zhong, LI Ying. Protection Technologies for Main Cable of Suspension Bridge and Their Applications[J]. Electropating&Finishing, 2017, 36(22):1227-1231.
[5] COCKSEDGE C,HUDSON T,URBANS B. M48 Severn Bridge:Main Cable Inspection and Rehabilitation[J].Bridge Engineering,2010,163(4):181-195.
[6] YOUNG J S,LYNCH M J. Inspection and Maintenance of Severn Bridge Suspension Cables[J]. Bridge Engineering,2010,163(4):173-180.
[7] CHRISTODOULOU C. Humber Bridge Suppressing Main Cable Corrosion by Means of Dehumidification[C]//Proceedings of the 18th International Corrosion Congress. Perth,Australia:International Corrosion Council,2011:1-12.
[8] CLARK C A,COLFORD B R. Forth Road Bridge Main Cables:Replacement/Augmentation Study[J]. Bridge Engineering,2010,163(2):79-89.
[9]陈小雨,唐茂林,沈锐利.主缆高强钢丝腐蚀速率影响因素分析[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2015,34(1):25-29,47.CHEN Xiao-yu, TANG Mao-lin, SHEN Rui-li.Influencing Factors of Main Cable Wires Corrosion Rate of Suspension Bridge[J] Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Natural Science Edition, 2015, 34(1):25-29,47.
[10]黎学明,陈大华,陈建文,等.模拟酸雨溶液中温度对桥梁缆索镀锌高强钢丝腐蚀行为影响[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2010,22(1):14-17.LI Xue-ming, CHEN Da-hua, CHEN Jian-wen, et al.Effect of Temperature on Corrosion Behavior of Galvanized Steel Bridge Wires in Simulated Acid Rain[J]. Corrosion Science and Protection Technology,2010,22(1):14-17.
[11]杨文静,施衍奇,黎学明,等.大跨度桥梁缆索模拟酸雨加速腐蚀行为研究[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2011,23(1):65-68.YANG Wen-jing, SHI Yan-qi, LI Xue-ming, et al.Corrosion Behavior of Galvanized Steel Wires of Long-span Bridge Cables in Simulated Acid Rain[J]. Corrosion Science and Protection Technology,2011,23(1):65-68.
[12] EL HALEEM S M A,EL AL E E A,EL WANEES S A,et al. Environmental Factors Affecting the Corrosion Behaviour of Reinforcing Steel:I. The Early Stage of Passive Film Formation in Ca(OH)2Solutions[J].Corrosion Science,2010,52(12):3875-3882.
[13]黎学明,刘强,孔令峰,等.模拟酸雨溶液中应力对镀锌钢绞线腐蚀行为影响[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2008,20(1):44-49.LI Xue-ming, LIU Qiang, KONG Ling-feng, et al.Corrosion Behavior of Galvanized Steel under Stress in Simulated Acid Rain Solution[J]. Corrosion Science and Protection Technology,2008,20(1):44-49.
[14]陈小雨,唐茂林.温度和湿度环境下未镀锌高强钢丝的腐蚀速率谱[J].西南交通大学学报:自然科学版,2018,53(2):253-259.CHEN Xiao-yu,TANG Mao-lin. Corrosion Rate of NonGalvanized High-strength Steel Wires under Different Temperature and Humidity Conditions[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University:Natural and Science Edition,2018,53(2):253-259.
[15]俞明德,沈锐利,唐茂林,等.西堠门大桥主缆横断面温度场研究[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2010,27(3):53-58.YU Ming-de, SHEN Rui-li, TANG Mao-lin, et al.Research on Temperature Field of Main Cable Section of Xihoumen Bridge[J]. Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering,2010,27(3):53-58.
[16]陈小雨.基于无损腐蚀监测系统的悬索桥主缆腐蚀试验及数据分析[J].中外公路,2016,35(1):72-76.CHEN Xiao-yu. Experimental Analysis of Main Cables of Suspension Bridge Based on Nondestructive Corrosion Monitoring System[J]. Journal of China&Foreign Highway,2016,35(1):72-76.
[17]何为,薛为东,唐斌.优化试验设计方法与数据分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012.HE Wei, XUE Wei-dong, TANG Bin. Optimization Experimental Design Method and Data Analysis[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2012.
[18]陈小雨,唐茂林.悬索桥主缆钢丝全寿命腐蚀程度及剩余抗力变化试验研究[J].桥梁建设,2018,48(1):60-64.CHEN Xiao-yu, TANG Mao-lin. Experimental Study of Corrosion Process and Resistance Changes of Galvanized Steel Wires for Main Cable of Suspension Bridge[J].Bridge Construction,2018,48(1):60-64.
[2]陈小雨,沈锐利,张培炎.悬索桥主缆的内部检测[J].世界桥梁,2013,41(1):86-90.CHEN Xiao-yu,SHEN Rui-li,ZHANG Pei-yan. Internal Detection of Main Cable of Suspension Bridge[J]. World Bridges,2013,41(1):86-90.
[3] BETTI R,YANEV B. Conditions of Suspension Bridge Cables:New York City Case Study[J]. Transportation Research Record,1999,1654:105-112.
[4]周克忠,李颖.悬索桥主缆防护技术及应用[J].电镀与涂饰,2017,36(22):1227-1231.ZHOU Ke-zhong, LI Ying. Protection Technologies for Main Cable of Suspension Bridge and Their Applications[J]. Electropating&Finishing, 2017, 36(22):1227-1231.
[5] COCKSEDGE C,HUDSON T,URBANS B. M48 Severn Bridge:Main Cable Inspection and Rehabilitation[J].Bridge Engineering,2010,163(4):181-195.
[6] YOUNG J S,LYNCH M J. Inspection and Maintenance of Severn Bridge Suspension Cables[J]. Bridge Engineering,2010,163(4):173-180.
[7] CHRISTODOULOU C. Humber Bridge Suppressing Main Cable Corrosion by Means of Dehumidification[C]//Proceedings of the 18th International Corrosion Congress. Perth,Australia:International Corrosion Council,2011:1-12.
[8] CLARK C A,COLFORD B R. Forth Road Bridge Main Cables:Replacement/Augmentation Study[J]. Bridge Engineering,2010,163(2):79-89.
[9]陈小雨,唐茂林,沈锐利.主缆高强钢丝腐蚀速率影响因素分析[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2015,34(1):25-29,47.CHEN Xiao-yu, TANG Mao-lin, SHEN Rui-li.Influencing Factors of Main Cable Wires Corrosion Rate of Suspension Bridge[J] Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Natural Science Edition, 2015, 34(1):25-29,47.
[10]黎学明,陈大华,陈建文,等.模拟酸雨溶液中温度对桥梁缆索镀锌高强钢丝腐蚀行为影响[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2010,22(1):14-17.LI Xue-ming, CHEN Da-hua, CHEN Jian-wen, et al.Effect of Temperature on Corrosion Behavior of Galvanized Steel Bridge Wires in Simulated Acid Rain[J]. Corrosion Science and Protection Technology,2010,22(1):14-17.
[11]杨文静,施衍奇,黎学明,等.大跨度桥梁缆索模拟酸雨加速腐蚀行为研究[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2011,23(1):65-68.YANG Wen-jing, SHI Yan-qi, LI Xue-ming, et al.Corrosion Behavior of Galvanized Steel Wires of Long-span Bridge Cables in Simulated Acid Rain[J]. Corrosion Science and Protection Technology,2011,23(1):65-68.
[12] EL HALEEM S M A,EL AL E E A,EL WANEES S A,et al. Environmental Factors Affecting the Corrosion Behaviour of Reinforcing Steel:I. The Early Stage of Passive Film Formation in Ca(OH)2Solutions[J].Corrosion Science,2010,52(12):3875-3882.
[13]黎学明,刘强,孔令峰,等.模拟酸雨溶液中应力对镀锌钢绞线腐蚀行为影响[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,2008,20(1):44-49.LI Xue-ming, LIU Qiang, KONG Ling-feng, et al.Corrosion Behavior of Galvanized Steel under Stress in Simulated Acid Rain Solution[J]. Corrosion Science and Protection Technology,2008,20(1):44-49.
[14]陈小雨,唐茂林.温度和湿度环境下未镀锌高强钢丝的腐蚀速率谱[J].西南交通大学学报:自然科学版,2018,53(2):253-259.CHEN Xiao-yu,TANG Mao-lin. Corrosion Rate of NonGalvanized High-strength Steel Wires under Different Temperature and Humidity Conditions[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University:Natural and Science Edition,2018,53(2):253-259.
[15]俞明德,沈锐利,唐茂林,等.西堠门大桥主缆横断面温度场研究[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2010,27(3):53-58.YU Ming-de, SHEN Rui-li, TANG Mao-lin, et al.Research on Temperature Field of Main Cable Section of Xihoumen Bridge[J]. Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering,2010,27(3):53-58.
[16]陈小雨.基于无损腐蚀监测系统的悬索桥主缆腐蚀试验及数据分析[J].中外公路,2016,35(1):72-76.CHEN Xiao-yu. Experimental Analysis of Main Cables of Suspension Bridge Based on Nondestructive Corrosion Monitoring System[J]. Journal of China&Foreign Highway,2016,35(1):72-76.
[17]何为,薛为东,唐斌.优化试验设计方法与数据分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012.HE Wei, XUE Wei-dong, TANG Bin. Optimization Experimental Design Method and Data Analysis[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2012.
[18]陈小雨,唐茂林.悬索桥主缆钢丝全寿命腐蚀程度及剩余抗力变化试验研究[J].桥梁建设,2018,48(1):60-64.CHEN Xiao-yu, TANG Mao-lin. Experimental Study of Corrosion Process and Resistance Changes of Galvanized Steel Wires for Main Cable of Suspension Bridge[J].Bridge Construction,2018,48(1):60-64.