负电压对2A50铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层微观结构和耐磨性能的影响
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摘要
目的通过调节负电压参数,制备具有较高硬度与较好耐磨性的2A50铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层。方法 通过微弧氧化,利用双极性脉冲电源,在硅酸盐为主的电解液中,于2A50铝合金表面原位生成耐磨的高硬度陶瓷层。通过改变负电压,研究其对微弧氧化陶瓷层相组成、微观结构、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响规律。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪表征微弧氧化膜层的微观形貌、物相组成。利用显微硬度计测试微弧氧化膜层的硬度,并通过摩擦磨损试验机评价膜层的耐磨性。结果涂层的主要相组成为γ-Al_2O_3。陶瓷层由内侧致密层和外部疏松层组成,随着负电压的提高,微孔的数量和尺寸先减少后增大。微弧氧化后,2A50铝合金得到明显强化,经–100 V负电压的微弧氧化,其显微硬度由未处理的75HV_(0.5)提高至1321HV_(0.5)。微弧氧化陶瓷层具有良好的耐磨性,摩擦系数在0.35～0.55之间,其磨损机制为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损共存。结论正电压较高时,较低负电压可很好地抑制微弧氧化过程中的强放电现象,以获得较为致密、坚硬且耐磨的膜层。
The work aims to prepare 2A50 aluminum alloy micro-arc oxidation ceramic layer with higher hardness and better wear resistance by adjusting the negative voltage parameters. With a bipolar pulse power, wear-resistant ceramic coatings with high micro-hardness were fabricated in-situ on 2A50 aluminum alloy by micro-arc oxidation method in silicate electrolyte.The effect of negative voltage on microstructure, phase structure, micro-hardness and wear properties was investigated by changing the negative voltage from 0 to –200 V. The microstructure, phase structure, micro-hardness and wear properties were characterize, measured and evaluated by SEM, XRD, Vikor hardness tester and tribology tester. The phase of the obtained coatings was mainly composed of γ-Al_2O_3. The coating consisted of the inner dense layer and the outer loose layer. As the negative voltage increased, the quantity and size of the pin holes in the coatings first decreased and then increased. Micro-arc oxidation could greatly strengthen 2A50 aluminum alloy and the micro-hardness increased from 75 HV0.5 to 1321HV0.5 after a micro-arc oxidation under a negative voltage of –100 V. The obtained ceramic coatings exhibited good wear resistance and the friction coefficient was in the range of 0.35～0.55. The wear mechanism was deduced to be the combination of abrasive wear and adhesive wear. When the positive voltage is high, the lower negative voltage can well suppress the strong discharge phenomenon in the micro-arc oxidation process to obtain a dense, hard and wear-resistant film layer.
The work aims to prepare 2A50 aluminum alloy micro-arc oxidation ceramic layer with higher hardness and better wear resistance by adjusting the negative voltage parameters. With a bipolar pulse power, wear-resistant ceramic coatings with high micro-hardness were fabricated in-situ on 2A50 aluminum alloy by micro-arc oxidation method in silicate electrolyte.The effect of negative voltage on microstructure, phase structure, micro-hardness and wear properties was investigated by changing the negative voltage from 0 to –200 V. The microstructure, phase structure, micro-hardness and wear properties were characterize, measured and evaluated by SEM, XRD, Vikor hardness tester and tribology tester. The phase of the obtained coatings was mainly composed of γ-Al_2O_3. The coating consisted of the inner dense layer and the outer loose layer. As the negative voltage increased, the quantity and size of the pin holes in the coatings first decreased and then increased. Micro-arc oxidation could greatly strengthen 2A50 aluminum alloy and the micro-hardness increased from 75 HV0.5 to 1321HV0.5 after a micro-arc oxidation under a negative voltage of –100 V. The obtained ceramic coatings exhibited good wear resistance and the friction coefficient was in the range of 0.35～0.55. The wear mechanism was deduced to be the combination of abrasive wear and adhesive wear. When the positive voltage is high, the lower negative voltage can well suppress the strong discharge phenomenon in the micro-arc oxidation process to obtain a dense, hard and wear-resistant film layer.
引文
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[15]阳超林,鲁亮,曲尧,等.LD10铝合金微弧氧化膜的生长及腐蚀性能[J].中国表面工程,2015,28(2):70-77.YANG Chao-lin,LU Liang,QU Yao,et al.Fabrication and corrosion behaviors of micro-arc oxidation coating on LD10 aluminum alloy[J].China surface engineering,2015,28(2):70-77.
[16]黄祖江,李智,蒋智秋,等.渗铝铌合金的微弧氧化及热腐蚀性能[J].中国表面工程,2017,30(4):45-55.HUANG Zu-jiang,LI Zhi,JIANG Zhi-qiu,et al.Micro-arc oxidation process and hot corrosion resistance on niobium alloy prepared by pack cementation aluminizing[J].China surface engineering,2017,30(4):45-55.
[2]李龙,夏承东,宋友宝,等.铝合金在新能源汽车工业的应用现状及展望[J].轻合金加工技术,2017,45(9):18-25.LI Long,XIA Cheng-dong,SONG You-bao,et al.Application status and outlook of aluminum alloys in new energy vehicles[J].Light alloy fabrication technology,2017,45(9):18-25.
[3]朱则刚.铝合金复合材料在汽车轻量化上的应用[J].轻金属,2011(10):3-6.ZHU Ze-gang.The application of aluminium alloy composites in lightweight automotive[J].Light metals,2011(10):3-6.
[4]王亚明,邹永纯,王树棋,等.金属微弧氧化功能陶瓷涂层设计制备与使役性能研究进展[J].中国表面工程,2018,31(4):20-45.WANG Ya-ming,ZOU Yong-chun,WANG Shu-qi,et al.Design,fabrication and performance of multifuctional ceramic coatings formed by microarc oxidation on metals:A critial review[J].China surface engineering,2018,31(4):20-45.
[5]张苏雅,蒋百灵,房爱存.草酸钛钾在铝合金微弧氧化过程中的着色机制[J].中国表面工程,2015,28(1):90-95.ZHANG Su-ya,JIANG Bai-ling,FANG Ai-cun.Coloring mechanism of K2TiO(C2O4)2 in micro-arc oxidation process on aluminum alloy[J].China surface engineering,2015,28(1):90-95.
[6]王红美,尹艳丽,杜军,等.磷酸盐浓度对5083铝合金微弧氧化膜组织与耐腐蚀性能的影响[J].中国表面工程,2016,29(5):109-115.WANG Hong-mei,YIN Yan-li,DU Jun,et al.Effects of Na5P3O10 concentration on microstructure and corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation coating on 5083 aluminum alloy[J].China surface engineering,2016,29(5):109-115.
[7]于光宇,朱新河,郑世斌,等.SiC复合微弧氧化陶瓷层制备及其摩擦学性能[J].材料导报,2018,32(z1):289-293.YU Guang-yu,ZHU Xin-he,ZHENG Shi-bin,et al.Preparation and tribological properties of SiC composite microarc oxidation ceramic coating[J].Materials reports,2018,32(z1):289-293.
[8]崔学军,平静,窦宝捷,等.几种添加剂作用的微弧氧化膜表面结构及防腐性能[J].中国表面工程,2018,31(2):39-50.CUI Xue-jun,PING Jing,DOU Bao-jie,et al.Surface morphology and anti-corrosion of micro-arc oxidation coatings with different additives[J].China surface engineering,2018,31(2):39-50.
[9]李振伟,狄士春.纳米TiO2微粒对2214铝合金微弧氧化膜微观结构及耐磨性能的影响[J].材料导报,2018,32(8):1294-1299.LI Zhen-wei,DI Shi-chun.Influence of nano TiO2 particles on microstructure and wear resistance of microarc oxidation coatings on 2214 aluminum alloy[J].Materials reports,2018,32(8):1294-1299.
[10]李青彪.铝合金表面耐磨减摩微弧氧化陶瓷涂层的制备与摩擦学性能研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2014.LI Qing-biao.Preparation and tribological properties of anti-wear and friction-reducing plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on Al alloy surface[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2014.
[11]WU Han-hua,LU Xian-yi,LONG Bei-hong,et al.The effects of cathodic and anodic voltages on the characteristics of porous nanocrystalline titania coatings fabricated by microarc oxidation[J].Materials letters,2005,59:370-375.
[12]LIU F,XU J L,YU D Z,et al.Effects of cathodic voltages on the structure and properties of ceramic coatings formed on NiTi alloy by micro-arc oxidation[J].Materials chemistry and physics,2010,121:172-177.
[13]SU Pei-bo,WU Xiao-hong,GUO Yun,et al.Effects of cathode current density on structure and corrosion resistance of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings formed on ZK60 Mg alloy[J].Journal of alloys and compounds,2009,475:773-777.
[14]张鑫佳.NiCr合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷膜的制备及性能研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2009.ZHANG Xin-jia.Research on the fabrication and properties of ceramic coatings on NiCr alloy surface by MAO[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2009.
[15]阳超林,鲁亮,曲尧,等.LD10铝合金微弧氧化膜的生长及腐蚀性能[J].中国表面工程,2015,28(2):70-77.YANG Chao-lin,LU Liang,QU Yao,et al.Fabrication and corrosion behaviors of micro-arc oxidation coating on LD10 aluminum alloy[J].China surface engineering,2015,28(2):70-77.
[16]黄祖江,李智,蒋智秋,等.渗铝铌合金的微弧氧化及热腐蚀性能[J].中国表面工程,2017,30(4):45-55.HUANG Zu-jiang,LI Zhi,JIANG Zhi-qiu,et al.Micro-arc oxidation process and hot corrosion resistance on niobium alloy prepared by pack cementation aluminizing[J].China surface engineering,2017,30(4):45-55.
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