辽宁东部明代女真山城高程变化趋势及选址成因浅析
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摘要
选取明朝时期女真族(满族的前身)在辽宁东部地区驻扎的山城为研究对象,结合极少数的史料记载,采用GPS-RTK实地测绘的技术方法,对部分有代表性的辽宁东部明代女真山城遗址进行现场踏勘与测绘,通过所得到的高程数据信息,分析山城遗址高程变化的发展趋势及变化成因。揭示出女真山城选址是一个由山城到平地城的发展过程,并由此形成后期满族民居具有一定高台形式特征的痕迹体现。
This paper chooses Shancheng cottages,where Jurchen( the ancestors of the Manchu) is stationed in the eastern part of Liaoning Province during the Ming Dynasty as the research object.By combining the rare records of historical materials and the technical methods of GPS-RTK field mapping,the paper performs field reconnaissance and mapping on some representative Jurchen' s Shancheng cottages. Based on the elevation data obtained,this paper analyzes the development trend and causes of changes of the Shancheng cottage sites,including strategic defensive factors and life convenience factors in the site selection and construction of the Shancheng sites. Besides this,the data also reveal that the site selection of the Jusco Fortress is a development process from the mountain town to the ground city,and thus the latter Manchu dwelling houses have some formal characteristics and construction mode characteristics.
This paper chooses Shancheng cottages,where Jurchen( the ancestors of the Manchu) is stationed in the eastern part of Liaoning Province during the Ming Dynasty as the research object.By combining the rare records of historical materials and the technical methods of GPS-RTK field mapping,the paper performs field reconnaissance and mapping on some representative Jurchen' s Shancheng cottages. Based on the elevation data obtained,this paper analyzes the development trend and causes of changes of the Shancheng cottage sites,including strategic defensive factors and life convenience factors in the site selection and construction of the Shancheng sites. Besides this,the data also reveal that the site selection of the Jusco Fortress is a development process from the mountain town to the ground city,and thus the latter Manchu dwelling houses have some formal characteristics and construction mode characteristics.
引文
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[2]孙诚,傅波,张德玉.建州女真遗址考察纪实[M].北京:中国文史出版社,2008.
[3]孙诚,张德玉.建州女真暨董鄂部研究[M].北京:中国文史出版社,2006:146.
[4]张德玉.满族发源地历史研究[M].沈阳:辽宁民族出版社,2001.
[5]魏海波,乔程.辽宁本溪县后金时期九龙山城的调查[J].考古,2009(4):94-96.
[6]田萌,沈欣荣.后金时期九龙山城遗址考察与测绘[C]//2016年中国建筑史年会论文集.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2016.
[7]赵铎.清开国经济发展史[M].沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,1992:47.
[8]陈伯超,朴玉顺.盛京宫殿建筑[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007:12.
[9]支运亭.从清前期皇宫建筑艺术风格看满族文化的发展趋势[J].清史研究,1997(3):61-67.
[10]王茂生.清代沈阳城市发展与空间形态研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2010.