知识型员工工作重塑量表开发研究
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摘要
与传统自上而下的工作设计不同,工作重塑强调员工自下而上的主动行为。员工以自发主动的行为重新定义、塑造工作内容和方式,优化人际关系,完善对工作的认知,旨在创造个人福祉与个人价值,但目前国内研究尚未涉足知识型员工工作重塑量表开发这一领域。鉴于此,首先阐述研究背景及意义,构造研究思路框架;其次,通过文献梳理与评述,对知识型员工、工作重塑的概念进行定义,并对工作重塑量表研究进行回顾;再次,基于扎根理论质性研究的主要思想与操作流程,对访谈文本进行比较、归纳与提炼,经开放性编码与主轴编码得到工作重塑的维度与定义;最后,根据质性研究结果和量化检验修正方法,编制出知识型员工工作重塑量表。
Unlike traditional top-down job design,job crafting emphasizes employee's bottom-up proactive behavior.Employees redefine and craft the content and manner of the work,change their relationships with others and awareness of their work,with the purpose of obtaining the personal well-being and the significance of their work.At present,domestic research has not yet involved in the development of knowledge workers' job crafting scale.Therefore,based on the current domestic research status,it is of great practical and theoretical significance to carry out research on it.In the framework of this article,it first elaborates the background and significance of the research,building the frame of research.Secondly,in the course of literature review,the concepts of knowledge workers and job crafting are defined.Then it reviews the researches of job crafting scale.Thirdly,based on the main ideas and operational processes of grounded theory and qualitative research,the statements from the interviews are collected,compared,summarized and refined.Eventually it obtains dimensions and definitions of job crafting by open coding and spindle coding.At last,according to the result of qualitative research and quantitative method,the knowledge workers' job crafting scale is developed.
Unlike traditional top-down job design,job crafting emphasizes employee's bottom-up proactive behavior.Employees redefine and craft the content and manner of the work,change their relationships with others and awareness of their work,with the purpose of obtaining the personal well-being and the significance of their work.At present,domestic research has not yet involved in the development of knowledge workers' job crafting scale.Therefore,based on the current domestic research status,it is of great practical and theoretical significance to carry out research on it.In the framework of this article,it first elaborates the background and significance of the research,building the frame of research.Secondly,in the course of literature review,the concepts of knowledge workers and job crafting are defined.Then it reviews the researches of job crafting scale.Thirdly,based on the main ideas and operational processes of grounded theory and qualitative research,the statements from the interviews are collected,compared,summarized and refined.Eventually it obtains dimensions and definitions of job crafting by open coding and spindle coding.At last,according to the result of qualitative research and quantitative method,the knowledge workers' job crafting scale is developed.
引文
[1]WRZESNIEWSKI A,DUTTON J E.Crafting ajob:revisioning employees as active crafters of their work[J].Academy of Management Review,2001,26:179-201.
[2]工作重塑的研究热点与方向:一项基于知识图谱软件的可视化分析[J].中国人力资源开发,2018,35(1):71-82.
[3]KULIK C T,OLDHAM G R,HACKMAN J R.Work design as an approach to person-environment fit[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,1987,31:278-296.
[4]TIMS M,BAKKER A B,DERKS D.Development and validation of the job crafting scale[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2012,80:173-186.
[5]彼得·德鲁克.21世纪的管理挑战[M].朱雁斌,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[6]弗朗西斯·赫瑞比.管理知识员工:挖掘企业智力资本[M].郑晓明,等,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[7]FUTURE WORK.Workforce of the 21Century[R].1998.
[8]郑昉.高校教师工作形塑的实证研究[D].开封:河南大学,2009.
[9]齐亚静,伍新春.中小学教师工作重塑问卷的编制[J].心理与行为研究,2016(4):501-506.
[10]韩帅瑛.工作重塑、工作投入与员工工作绩效关系的研究[D].沈阳:东北财经大学,2013.
[11]PETROU P,DEMEROUTI E,PEETERS M C W,et al.Crafting ajob on a daily basis:contextual correlates and the link to work engagement[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,2012,33(8):1 120-1 141.
[12]NIELSEN K,ABILDGAARD J S.The development and validation of a job crafting measure for use with bluecollar workers[J].Work Stress,2012,26(4):365-384.
[13]HACKMAN J R,OLDHAM G R.Motivation through the design of work:test of a theory[J].Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1976,16(2):250-279.
[14]DVORAK K J.The theoretical development and empirical testing of the measure of job crafting(MJC)[D].Colorado State University,2014.
[15]黄雪娜,金盛华.大学生职业价值观结构的本土化研究[J].学习与探索,2013(2):36-40.
[16]侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2004.
[17]BAGOZZI R P,YI Y.On the evaluation of structure equation models[J].Academic of Marketing Science,1988(16):76-94.
[18]付会斌,潘海燕,孔丹莉,等.二阶验证性因子模型的Amos实现[J].中国卫生统计,2013(1):52-56.
[19]吴明隆.结构方程模型---Amos的操作与应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2010.
[20]郝树伟,洪炜.中国成年人心理弹性量表在公务员中的修订[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2014(6):1032-1036,1056.
[2]工作重塑的研究热点与方向:一项基于知识图谱软件的可视化分析[J].中国人力资源开发,2018,35(1):71-82.
[3]KULIK C T,OLDHAM G R,HACKMAN J R.Work design as an approach to person-environment fit[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,1987,31:278-296.
[4]TIMS M,BAKKER A B,DERKS D.Development and validation of the job crafting scale[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2012,80:173-186.
[5]彼得·德鲁克.21世纪的管理挑战[M].朱雁斌,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[6]弗朗西斯·赫瑞比.管理知识员工:挖掘企业智力资本[M].郑晓明,等,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[7]FUTURE WORK.Workforce of the 21Century[R].1998.
[8]郑昉.高校教师工作形塑的实证研究[D].开封:河南大学,2009.
[9]齐亚静,伍新春.中小学教师工作重塑问卷的编制[J].心理与行为研究,2016(4):501-506.
[10]韩帅瑛.工作重塑、工作投入与员工工作绩效关系的研究[D].沈阳:东北财经大学,2013.
[11]PETROU P,DEMEROUTI E,PEETERS M C W,et al.Crafting ajob on a daily basis:contextual correlates and the link to work engagement[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,2012,33(8):1 120-1 141.
[12]NIELSEN K,ABILDGAARD J S.The development and validation of a job crafting measure for use with bluecollar workers[J].Work Stress,2012,26(4):365-384.
[13]HACKMAN J R,OLDHAM G R.Motivation through the design of work:test of a theory[J].Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,1976,16(2):250-279.
[14]DVORAK K J.The theoretical development and empirical testing of the measure of job crafting(MJC)[D].Colorado State University,2014.
[15]黄雪娜,金盛华.大学生职业价值观结构的本土化研究[J].学习与探索,2013(2):36-40.
[16]侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2004.
[17]BAGOZZI R P,YI Y.On the evaluation of structure equation models[J].Academic of Marketing Science,1988(16):76-94.
[18]付会斌,潘海燕,孔丹莉,等.二阶验证性因子模型的Amos实现[J].中国卫生统计,2013(1):52-56.
[19]吴明隆.结构方程模型---Amos的操作与应用[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2010.
[20]郝树伟,洪炜.中国成年人心理弹性量表在公务员中的修订[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2014(6):1032-1036,1056.