家蚕的起源与进化研究进展
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摘要
家蚕(Bombyx mori)的驯化是农业历史上的重大事件之一,中国的养蚕业已有近7 000年的历史。关于家蚕的起源与进化不仅是蚕丝文化和蚕业发展历史溯源研究的焦点,也一直是蚕学界关注的基础科学问题,研究的核心是家蚕的直接野生祖先来源和起源地(驯化事件的发生地)。家蚕的野生祖先是野桑蚕(Bombyx mandarina)为学界早期的共识。近20多年又从染色体水平和DNA序列水平进一步证实了家蚕的野生祖先是中国野桑蚕,而不是日本野桑蚕,家蚕起源于中国野桑蚕的观点在学界也达成了共识。但是,家蚕的起源地仍存在单起源中心(在中国北方的某个地区驯化而来)和多起源中心(在华北、华东、华南,以及印度和越南等不同地区独立驯化而来)的争论,澄源正本尚缺乏遗传学证据。本文综述应用分子生物学技术研究家蚕起源与进化的重要进展,根据动物起源与进化研究的最新方法,提出了基于线粒体基因组扫描和大样本策略的家蚕起源与进化研究设想。
The domestication of domestic silkworm( Bombyx mori) is one of the greatest events in agricultural history.Silkworm rearing in China has a history of nearly 7 000 years. The origin and evolution of domestic silkworm is the focus of trace studies for silk culture and industrial development history. It has long been a basic science problem concerned by scholars of sericulture as well. The direct wild ancestor and geographic origin( domestication area) are the key scientific issues on origin and evolution of domestic silkworm. The wild ancestor of domestic silkworm is the wild silkworm Bombyx mandarina,which is a common view reached in academia at early time. Genetic studies at chromosomal and molecular levels in recent 20 years have further confirmed that the wild progenitor of domestic silkworm is the Chinese B. mandarina,rather than Japanese B. mandarina. That the domestic silkworm was originated from Chinese B. mandarina has also been a common view in academia. However,whether the domestic silkworm was orginated from a single domestication site( one area in north of China) or from multiple domestication sites( Northern China,Eastern China,Southern China,areas in India and Vietnam) remains an unsettled issue. Both viewpoints lack the genetic evidences. This paper reviews the important research advances on the origin and evolution of domestic silkworm at molecular level. According to the latest methodology for studying origin and evolution of animals,we present a strategy for studying origin and evolution of domestic silkworm based on mitochondrial genome scanning and large-scale sample analysis.
The domestication of domestic silkworm( Bombyx mori) is one of the greatest events in agricultural history.Silkworm rearing in China has a history of nearly 7 000 years. The origin and evolution of domestic silkworm is the focus of trace studies for silk culture and industrial development history. It has long been a basic science problem concerned by scholars of sericulture as well. The direct wild ancestor and geographic origin( domestication area) are the key scientific issues on origin and evolution of domestic silkworm. The wild ancestor of domestic silkworm is the wild silkworm Bombyx mandarina,which is a common view reached in academia at early time. Genetic studies at chromosomal and molecular levels in recent 20 years have further confirmed that the wild progenitor of domestic silkworm is the Chinese B. mandarina,rather than Japanese B. mandarina. That the domestic silkworm was originated from Chinese B. mandarina has also been a common view in academia. However,whether the domestic silkworm was orginated from a single domestication site( one area in north of China) or from multiple domestication sites( Northern China,Eastern China,Southern China,areas in India and Vietnam) remains an unsettled issue. Both viewpoints lack the genetic evidences. This paper reviews the important research advances on the origin and evolution of domestic silkworm at molecular level. According to the latest methodology for studying origin and evolution of animals,we present a strategy for studying origin and evolution of domestic silkworm based on mitochondrial genome scanning and large-scale sample analysis.
引文
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[2]ZEDER M A,EMSHWILLER E,SMITH B D,et al.Documenting domestication:the intersection of genetics and archaeology[J].Trends Genet,2006,22(3):139-155
[3]THALMANN O,SHAPIRO B,CUI P,et al.Complete mitochondrial genomes of ancient canids suggest a European origin of domestic dogs[J].Science,2013,342(6160):871-874
[4]BOURGUIGNON T,LO N,OBOTNíK J,et al.Mitochondrial phylogenomics resolves the global spread of higher termites,ecosystem engineers of the tropics[J].Mol Biol Evol,2017,34(3):589-597
[5]MOLINA J,SIKORA M,GARUD N,et al.Molecular evidence for a single evolutionary origin of domesticated rice[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2011,108(20):8351-8356
[6]周匡明.我国早期蚕业史研究的几个问题[J].中国农史,2011(3):23-29
[7]BINDROO B B,MOORTHY S M.Genetic divergence,implication of diversity,and conservation of silkworm,Bombyx mori[J/OL].Int J Biodiver,2014,2014:564850[2018-03-01].http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/564850
[8]LI D,GUO Y R,SHAO H J,et al.Genetic diversity,molecular phylogeny and selection evidence of the silkworm mitochondria implicated by complete resequencing of 41 genomes[J/OL].BMC Evol Biol,2010,10:81[2018-03-01].http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20334646.DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-10-81
[9]孙乘铣.关于家蚕远祖的研究[J].广东蚕丝通讯,1961,3(3):35-39
[10]蒋猷龙.数千年来我国桑蚕在家养下的演变[J].昆虫学报,1977,20(3):345-351
[11]蒋猷龙.家蚕的起源与分化[M].南京:江苏科技出版社,1982:9-18
[12]蒋猷龙.就家蚕的起源与分化答日本学者并海内诸公[J].农业考古,1984(1):146-149
[13]石声汉.中国农业遗产要略[M].北京:农业出版社,1980:39-40
[14]邹景衡.我国蚕业起源之初步探讨[J].台湾教育,1981(363):15-20
[15]吉武成美.关于蒋猷龙先生的家蚕起源说[J].农业考古,1983(2):303-305
[16]杨宗万.从“乡贡八蚕之锦”探索我国南方蚕业的起源[J].农史研究,1982(2):95-104
[17]周晦若.四川蚕丝业概况[J].蚕桑通报,1982(1):62-67
[18]段佑云.家蚕起源于中华民族的发源地黄河中游[J].蚕业科学,1983,9(1):50-56
[19]杨希哲,蒋同庆,傅锡山.家蚕与桑蚕一些数量性状的比较研究[J].蚕学通讯,1984(2):42-60
[20]郭郛.从河北省正定南庄出土的陶蚕蛹试论我国家蚕的起源问题[J].农业考古,1987,13(1):302-309
[21]吉武成美,蒋猷龙.家蚕的起源和分化[J].蚕业科学,1987,13(3):182
[22]吉武成美,蒋猷龙.家蚕的起源和分化研究[J].农业考古,1987(2):316-324;418
[23]吉武成美,蒋猷龙.家蚕的起源和分化研究(续)[J].农业考古,1988(1):268-279
[24]李艳红,方成军.试论中国蚕丝业的起源及其在殷商时期的发展[J].农业考古,2007(1):166-168;204
[25]蒋猷龙.中国蚕业的起源[J].蚕桑通报,2017,48(2):61-64
[26]李兵,沈卫德.家蚕和野桑蚕的起源研究进展[J].中国蚕业,2008,29(2):11-13
[27]YOSHITAKE N.The blood relationship of Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina based on the enzyme types[J].Jpn Genet,1966,41(1):259-267
[28]谷津直透.家蚕与野蚕的染色体[J].蚕丝学报,1913(22):259
[29]NAKAMURA T,BANNO Y,NAKADA T,et al.Geographic dimorphism of the wild silkworm,Bombyx mandarina,in the chromosome number and the occurrence of a retroposon-like insertion in the arylphorin gene[J].Genome,1999,42(6):1117-1120
[30]蒋同庆,向仲怀,王枫,等.家蚕血液脂酶的生化遗传学研究[J].蚕学通讯,1986(4):19-23
[31]向仲怀.家蚕、野蚕、桑蝗卵壳表面构造的观察比较[J].蚕业科学,1988,14(4):215-221
[32]岛田透.基因变化与生物进化[J].蚕丝科学与技术,1995,34(4):40-41
[33]GOLDSMITH M R,SHIMADA T,ABE H.The genetics and genomics of the silkworm,Bombyx mori[J].Annu Rev Entomol,2005,50:71-100
[34]ASTAUROV B L,ROVINSKAYA I S.Chromosome complex of Ussuri geographical race of Bombyx mandarina M.with special reference to the problem of the origin of the domesticated silkworm,Bombyx mori[J].Cytology,1959,1:327-332
[35]SHIMADA T,KURIMOTO Y,KOBAYASHI M.Phylogenetic relationship of silkmoths inferred from sequence data of the arylphorin gene[J].Mol Phylogenet Evol,1995,4(3):223-234
[36]鲁成,于红仕,向仲怀.中国野桑蚕和家蚕的分子系统学研究[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(1):94-101
[37]鲁成,程道军,向仲怀,等.中国野桑蚕和日本野桑蚕的RAPD研究[J].蚕业科学,2002,28(1):17-22
[38]LI A,ZHAO Q,TANG S,et al.Molecular phylogeny of the domesticated silkworm,Bombyx mori,based on the sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b genes[J].J Genetics,2005,84(2):137-142
[39]ARUNKUMAR K P,METTA M,NAGARAJU J.Molecular phylogeny of silkmoths reveals the origin of domesticated silkmoth,Bombyx mori from Chinese Bombyx mandarina and paternal inheritance of Antheraea proylei mitochondrial DNA[J].Mol Phylogenet Evol,2006,40(2):419-427
[40]李兵,浜野国胜,蜷木理,等.中日家蚕和野桑蚕亲缘关系的研究[J].昆虫学报,2006,49(3):470-473
[41]PAN M H,YU Q Y,XIA Y L,et al.Characterization of mitochondrial genome of Chinese wild mulberry silkworm,Bombyx mandarina(Lepidoptera:Bombycidae)[J].Sci China Ser C-Life Sci,2008,51:693-701
[42]HU X L,CAO G L,XUE R Y,et al.The complete mitogenome and phylogenetic analysis of Bombyx mandarina strain Qingzhou[J].Mol Biol Rep,2010,37(6):2599-2608
[43]SUN W,YU H,SHEN Y,et al.Phylogeny and evolutionary history of the silkworm[J].Sci China Life Sci,2012,55(6):483-496
[44]杜周和,刘俊凤,刘彬斌,等.基于amy基因的中国野桑蚕遗传多样性及其与家蚕的系统发育关系[J].昆虫学报,2009,52(12):1338-1348
[45]余红仕,鲁成,周泽扬,等.中国野桑蚕DNA多态性研究初报[J].蚕业科学,2000,26(2):94-98
[46]鲁成,余红仕,向仲怀.基于RAPD分析的中国野桑蚕和家蚕遗传多样性和系统发育关系研究[J].昆虫学报,2002,45(2):198-203
[47]鲁成,赵爱春,向仲怀,等.中国野桑蚕遗传多样性的AFLP分析[J].动物学研究,2002,23(2):166-172
[48]李竞,房守敏,刘文明,等.SSR标记在中国野桑蚕和家蚕的遗传多态性分析中的应用[J].蚕业科学,2005,31(3):251-256
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