CO_2置换联合热采技术开采天然气水合物可行性分析
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摘要
对于海底浅层天然气水合物,常规的开采方法均不能进行相应的地层回填,进而会造成严重的地质灾害。从热采联合CO_2置换开采天然气水合物方法出发,针对该复合方法进行了理论论证,指明置换过程没有水合物笼形结构的液化,不会因为硬度的丢失造成地层失稳情况发生;另一方面,CO_2水合物强度远高于海底浅层疏松孔隙结构,在保证地质回填的同时能对海底浅层实现进一步加固处理。同时,通过热交换技术能够升高矿藏内部温度,从而加快置换反应速率,增大置换反应进行的程度,进而解决单一CO_2置换过程中置换程度小与置换效率低的问题。分析了CO_2注入压力、CO_2注入形态、反应温度、微波频率、微波功率等因素对开采天然气水合物过程的影响,为我国温室气体的存储、天然气水合物的开采和海底浅层地层维持稳定提供了理论支持。
For the seabed shallow natural gas hydrate,the conventional mining methods cannot be used for the corresponding strata backfill,and then will cause serious geological disasters. A new method of CO_2 replacement combined with heating technology for natural gas hydrate combined mining is presented and the theory demonstration is studied. It is pointed out that there is no liquidation of hydrate cage structure in the replacement process,and therefore stratum instability resulted by hardness reduce will not occur. On the other hand,the intensity of generated CO_2 hydrateis is much higher than that of seabed shallow loosen pore structure,and the seabed shallow can be further reinforced when subbottom geological backfill is carried out. At the same time,applying heating exchange technology can increase the temperature inside the mine,speed up the replacement reaction rate,increase the degree of substitution reaction,thus solving the problem of low efficiency in the process of CO_2 replacement. The effects of CO_2 injection pressure,reaction temperature,CO_2 injection form,microwave frequency and microwave power on the process of exploitation of natural gas hydrate are analyzed,which provide theoretical support for greenhouse gas storage,gas hydrates exploration and stability of the seabed shallow strata study in our country.
For the seabed shallow natural gas hydrate,the conventional mining methods cannot be used for the corresponding strata backfill,and then will cause serious geological disasters. A new method of CO_2 replacement combined with heating technology for natural gas hydrate combined mining is presented and the theory demonstration is studied. It is pointed out that there is no liquidation of hydrate cage structure in the replacement process,and therefore stratum instability resulted by hardness reduce will not occur. On the other hand,the intensity of generated CO_2 hydrateis is much higher than that of seabed shallow loosen pore structure,and the seabed shallow can be further reinforced when subbottom geological backfill is carried out. At the same time,applying heating exchange technology can increase the temperature inside the mine,speed up the replacement reaction rate,increase the degree of substitution reaction,thus solving the problem of low efficiency in the process of CO_2 replacement. The effects of CO_2 injection pressure,reaction temperature,CO_2 injection form,microwave frequency and microwave power on the process of exploitation of natural gas hydrate are analyzed,which provide theoretical support for greenhouse gas storage,gas hydrates exploration and stability of the seabed shallow strata study in our country.
引文
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[2]冯望生,宋伟宾,郑箭的,等.可燃冰的研究与开发进展[J].价值工程,2013(8):31-33.
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[5]张学民,李金平,吴青柏,等.CO2置换开采冻土区天然气水合物中CH4的可行性研究[J].化工进展,2014,(S1):133-140.
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[12]窦斌,秦明举,蒋国盛,等.利用地热开采南海天然气水合物的技术研究[J].海洋地质前沿,2011(10):49-52,58.
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[14]HOLDER G D,ANGERT P F.Simulation of gas production from a reservoir containing both gas hydrates and free natural gas[J].Frontiers in Psychology,1982,3(42):215-219.
[15]KIM H C,BISHNOI P R,HEIDEMANN R A,et al.Kinetics of methane hydrate decomposition[J].Chemical Engineering Science,1987,42(7):1645-1653.
[16]YOUSIF M H,LI P M,SELIM M S,et al.Depressurization of natural gas hydrates in berea sandstone cores[J].Journal of Inclusion Phenomena&Molecular Recognition in Chemistry,1990,8(1/2):71-88.
[17]MORIDIS G J,KOWALSKY M B,PRUESS K.Depressurization-induced gas production from class1 hydrate deposits[J].Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2005,10(5):458-481.
[18]MASSI-BENEDETTI M,NOY G,JOHNSTON I D,et al.Prevent system hydrate formation during sudden depressurization[J].Diabète&Métabolisme,2007,7(1):41-44.
[19]玄建.天然气水合物合成及降压开采实验研究[D].北京:中国石油大学,2009.
[20]LI G,LI B,LI X S,et al.Experimental and numerical studies on gas production from methane hydrate in porous media by depressurization in pilot-scale hydrate simulator[J].Energ Fuel,2012,26(10):6300-6310.
[21]HUBBARD R A.Recent developments in gas dehydration and hydrate inhibition[C]//SPE Gas Technology Symposium:SPE21507.Houston,Texas,USA:Society of Petroleum Engineers,1991.
[22]BAKEEV K N,MYERS R T,GRAHAM D E.Blend for preventing or retarding the formation of gas hydrates:US,6180699[P].2001-01-30.
[23]BUDD D,HURD D,PAKULSKI M,et al.Enhanced hydrate inhibition in alberta gas field[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference:SPE90422,Houston,Texas,USA:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2004.
[24]TANG C P,DAI X X,DU J W,et al.Kinetic studies of gas hydrate formation with low-dosage hydrate inhibitors[J].Sci China Ser B-Chem,2010,53(12):2622-2627.
[25]SEFIDROODI H,CHENG C P,KELLAND M A.THF hydrate crystal growth inhibition with small anionic organic compounds and their synergistic properties with the kinetic hydrate inhibitor poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)[J].Chem Eng Sci,2011,66(10):2050-2056.
[26]周耐强,施里,赵鹏飞.一种新型天然气水合物抑制剂现场实验研究[J].广州化工,2015,43(3):158-159.
[27]窦斌,蒋国盛,吴翔,等.地面分解法开采海底天然气水合物[J].天然气工业,2008,23(7):123-125.
[28]徐海良,林良程,吴万荣,等.海底天然气水合物绞吸式开采方法研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2011(3):48-52.
[29]谢秋敏.海底天然气水合物绞吸式开采管道水力输送规律研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.
[30]BIRKEDAL K A,ERSLAND G,HUSEBO J,et al.Geomechanical stability during CH4production from hydrates-depressurization or CO2sequestration with CO2-CH4exchange[C]//44th U.S.Rock Mechanics Symposium and 5th U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium.Salt Lake City,Utah,USA:American Rock Mechanics Association,2010.
[31]李遵照,郭绪强,陈光进,等.CO2置换CH4水合物中CH4的实验和动力学[J].化工学报,2007(5):1197-1203.
[32]徐纯刚,李小森,蔡晶,等.二氧化碳置换法模拟开采天然气水合物的研究进展[J].化工学报,2013(7):2309-2315.
[33]胡春,裘俊红.天然气水合物的结构性质及应用[J].天然气化工,2000,29(4):48-52.
[34]王赵,张伟,李文强,等.CO2水合物气体分子笼占据状态的第一性原理研究[J].四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010(3):356-360.
[35]周锡堂,樊栓狮,梁德青.CO2置换开采天然气水合物研究进展[J].化工进展,2006,25(5):524-527.
[36]UCHIDA T,TAKEYA S,EBINUMA T,et al.Replacing methane with CO2in clathrate hydrate:observations using Raman spectroscopy[C]//Proceedings of the fifth international conference on greenhouse gas control technologies.CSIRO Publishing:Collingwood,Australia,2001:523-527.
[37]周薇,樊栓狮,梁德青,等.二氧化碳压力对甲烷水合物置换速率的影响[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2008(3):547-550.
[38]ZATSEPINA O Y,POOLADI-DARVISH M.Storage of CO2as hydrate in depleted gas reservoirs[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2012,15(1):98-108.
[39]周锡堂,俞志东.CO2置换开采天然气水合物相图分析及数值模拟[J].广东石油化工学院学报,2015(4):25-28.
[40]闫素贞.CO2和烟气置换开采天然气水合物研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.
[2]冯望生,宋伟宾,郑箭的,等.可燃冰的研究与开发进展[J].价值工程,2013(8):31-33.
[3]SLOAN E D,KOH C A.Clathrate hydrates of natural gases[M].Boca Raton,Florida,USA:CRC Press,2007.
[4]伍开松,贾同威,廉栋,等.海底表层天然气水合物藏采掘工具设计研究[J].机械科学与技术,2017,36(2):225-231.
[5]张学民,李金平,吴青柏,等.CO2置换开采冻土区天然气水合物中CH4的可行性研究[J].化工进展,2014,(S1):133-140.
[6]DURHAM W B,KIRBY S H,STERN L A,et al.The strength and rheology of methane clathratehydrate[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2003,108(4):237-241.
[7]窦斌,蒋国盛,吴翔,等.海洋天然气水合物开采方法及产量分析[J].热带海洋学报,2009(3):82-84.
[8]MCGUIRE P L.Methane hydrate gas production by thermal stimulation[C/OL].http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/cpc/CPC4-356.pdf[2008-03-07].
[9]KAMATH V A,GODBOLE S P.Evaluation of hot-brine stimulation technique for gas production from natural gas hydrates[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1987,39(11):1379-1388.
[10]FATYKHOV M A,BAGAUTDINOV N Y.Experimental investigations of decomposition of gas hydrate in a pipe under the impact of a microwave electromagnetic field[J].High Temperature,2005,43(4):614-619.
[11]MINAGAWA H,ITO T,KIMURA S,et al.Depressurization and electrical heating of hydrate sediment for gas production[J].Int J of offshore and Polar Engineering,2015(3):82-88.
[12]窦斌,秦明举,蒋国盛,等.利用地热开采南海天然气水合物的技术研究[J].海洋地质前沿,2011(10):49-52,58.
[13]STOLL R D,BRYAN G M.Physical properties of sediments containing gas hydrates[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1979,84(B4):1629-1634.
[14]HOLDER G D,ANGERT P F.Simulation of gas production from a reservoir containing both gas hydrates and free natural gas[J].Frontiers in Psychology,1982,3(42):215-219.
[15]KIM H C,BISHNOI P R,HEIDEMANN R A,et al.Kinetics of methane hydrate decomposition[J].Chemical Engineering Science,1987,42(7):1645-1653.
[16]YOUSIF M H,LI P M,SELIM M S,et al.Depressurization of natural gas hydrates in berea sandstone cores[J].Journal of Inclusion Phenomena&Molecular Recognition in Chemistry,1990,8(1/2):71-88.
[17]MORIDIS G J,KOWALSKY M B,PRUESS K.Depressurization-induced gas production from class1 hydrate deposits[J].Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2005,10(5):458-481.
[18]MASSI-BENEDETTI M,NOY G,JOHNSTON I D,et al.Prevent system hydrate formation during sudden depressurization[J].Diabète&Métabolisme,2007,7(1):41-44.
[19]玄建.天然气水合物合成及降压开采实验研究[D].北京:中国石油大学,2009.
[20]LI G,LI B,LI X S,et al.Experimental and numerical studies on gas production from methane hydrate in porous media by depressurization in pilot-scale hydrate simulator[J].Energ Fuel,2012,26(10):6300-6310.
[21]HUBBARD R A.Recent developments in gas dehydration and hydrate inhibition[C]//SPE Gas Technology Symposium:SPE21507.Houston,Texas,USA:Society of Petroleum Engineers,1991.
[22]BAKEEV K N,MYERS R T,GRAHAM D E.Blend for preventing or retarding the formation of gas hydrates:US,6180699[P].2001-01-30.
[23]BUDD D,HURD D,PAKULSKI M,et al.Enhanced hydrate inhibition in alberta gas field[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference:SPE90422,Houston,Texas,USA:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2004.
[24]TANG C P,DAI X X,DU J W,et al.Kinetic studies of gas hydrate formation with low-dosage hydrate inhibitors[J].Sci China Ser B-Chem,2010,53(12):2622-2627.
[25]SEFIDROODI H,CHENG C P,KELLAND M A.THF hydrate crystal growth inhibition with small anionic organic compounds and their synergistic properties with the kinetic hydrate inhibitor poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)[J].Chem Eng Sci,2011,66(10):2050-2056.
[26]周耐强,施里,赵鹏飞.一种新型天然气水合物抑制剂现场实验研究[J].广州化工,2015,43(3):158-159.
[27]窦斌,蒋国盛,吴翔,等.地面分解法开采海底天然气水合物[J].天然气工业,2008,23(7):123-125.
[28]徐海良,林良程,吴万荣,等.海底天然气水合物绞吸式开采方法研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2011(3):48-52.
[29]谢秋敏.海底天然气水合物绞吸式开采管道水力输送规律研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.
[30]BIRKEDAL K A,ERSLAND G,HUSEBO J,et al.Geomechanical stability during CH4production from hydrates-depressurization or CO2sequestration with CO2-CH4exchange[C]//44th U.S.Rock Mechanics Symposium and 5th U.S.-Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium.Salt Lake City,Utah,USA:American Rock Mechanics Association,2010.
[31]李遵照,郭绪强,陈光进,等.CO2置换CH4水合物中CH4的实验和动力学[J].化工学报,2007(5):1197-1203.
[32]徐纯刚,李小森,蔡晶,等.二氧化碳置换法模拟开采天然气水合物的研究进展[J].化工学报,2013(7):2309-2315.
[33]胡春,裘俊红.天然气水合物的结构性质及应用[J].天然气化工,2000,29(4):48-52.
[34]王赵,张伟,李文强,等.CO2水合物气体分子笼占据状态的第一性原理研究[J].四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010(3):356-360.
[35]周锡堂,樊栓狮,梁德青.CO2置换开采天然气水合物研究进展[J].化工进展,2006,25(5):524-527.
[36]UCHIDA T,TAKEYA S,EBINUMA T,et al.Replacing methane with CO2in clathrate hydrate:observations using Raman spectroscopy[C]//Proceedings of the fifth international conference on greenhouse gas control technologies.CSIRO Publishing:Collingwood,Australia,2001:523-527.
[37]周薇,樊栓狮,梁德青,等.二氧化碳压力对甲烷水合物置换速率的影响[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2008(3):547-550.
[38]ZATSEPINA O Y,POOLADI-DARVISH M.Storage of CO2as hydrate in depleted gas reservoirs[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2012,15(1):98-108.
[39]周锡堂,俞志东.CO2置换开采天然气水合物相图分析及数值模拟[J].广东石油化工学院学报,2015(4):25-28.
[40]闫素贞.CO2和烟气置换开采天然气水合物研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.