2014-2015年鄱阳湖地区禽流感病毒流行风险分析
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摘要
目的对鄱阳湖地区禽流感病毒进行监测,了解各类场所存在的禽流感病毒情况并分析其影响因素,为该地区禽流感病毒的防治工作提供合理建议。方法于2014年9月、2015年1月及2015年3月底对该地区的候鸟保护区、家庭散养户、活禽批发市场、活禽零售市场进行3次调查和采样,对样本进行PCR检测。结果调查期间在该地区共采集7 470份标本进行禽流感病原学检测,禽流感病毒阳性率结果为活禽零售市场(36.86%)>活禽批发市场(32.5%)>家庭散养户(0.9%)>候鸟保护区(0.36%),差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=1377.7,P<0.05),与活禽密度由高到低的趋势一致。在家庭散养户采集的4 190份标本结果显示,其中有完整免疫程序的家庭散养户阳性率为0.45%(13/2 889),无完整免疫程序的家庭散养户阳性率为1.92%(25/1 301),差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=21.6,P<0.05)。不同密度组、消毒频率的病毒阳性率结果为高密度组>中密度组>低密度组;消毒间隔超过7d组>消毒间隔小于7d组。结论鄱阳湖地区各类禽类相关环境均有不同程度的禽流感病毒存在情况,其中活禽零售市场阳性率最高,活禽密度最大。完整的免疫程序以及低密度、消毒频率较高的环境有利于降低禽流感病毒阳性率。
Avian influenza is a variety of influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds,and generally,it refers to influenza A virus which is a zoonotic disease,almost completely exist in the body of birds.In this study,we sampled in migratory birds reserves,domestic poultry households,live poultry wholesale markets and retail markets for three times,in September 2014,January 2015 and the end of March 2015 and detected those samples by PCR to monitor the avian influenza virus status of poyang lake region,and to analysis the influencing factors,so as to provide reasonable suggestions for the prevention and control of avian influenza virus in the region.A total of 7 470 specimens were collected in the region during the period for the bird flu virus positive tests,the results showed that the live poultry retail markets(36.86%)> live poultry wholesale markets(32.5%)> domestic poultry households(0.9%)> migratory birds reserves(0.36%),the difference of which was statistically significant(χ~2=1377.7,P<0.05).The test results of 4 190 specimens collected in live poultry domestic poultry households showed that positive rate of live poultry domestic poultry households with and without complete immunization program were 0.45%(13/2 889)and 1.92%(25/1 301)respectively and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=21.6,P<0.05).The results of positive rates in different density and disinfection frequency groups showed high density> medium density group>low density group and disinfecting once more than 7 days group> disinfecting once less than 7 days group respectively.These observations in the Poyang lake area suggest complete immunization programs as well as low density,high frequency of disinfection of environment are beneficial to reduce the positive rate of avian influenza virus,measures should be taken especially in the live poultry retail markets while the positive rate is the highest as well as the density of live poultry there.
Avian influenza is a variety of influenza caused by viruses adapted to birds,and generally,it refers to influenza A virus which is a zoonotic disease,almost completely exist in the body of birds.In this study,we sampled in migratory birds reserves,domestic poultry households,live poultry wholesale markets and retail markets for three times,in September 2014,January 2015 and the end of March 2015 and detected those samples by PCR to monitor the avian influenza virus status of poyang lake region,and to analysis the influencing factors,so as to provide reasonable suggestions for the prevention and control of avian influenza virus in the region.A total of 7 470 specimens were collected in the region during the period for the bird flu virus positive tests,the results showed that the live poultry retail markets(36.86%)> live poultry wholesale markets(32.5%)> domestic poultry households(0.9%)> migratory birds reserves(0.36%),the difference of which was statistically significant(χ~2=1377.7,P<0.05).The test results of 4 190 specimens collected in live poultry domestic poultry households showed that positive rate of live poultry domestic poultry households with and without complete immunization program were 0.45%(13/2 889)and 1.92%(25/1 301)respectively and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=21.6,P<0.05).The results of positive rates in different density and disinfection frequency groups showed high density> medium density group>low density group and disinfecting once more than 7 days group> disinfecting once less than 7 days group respectively.These observations in the Poyang lake area suggest complete immunization programs as well as low density,high frequency of disinfection of environment are beneficial to reduce the positive rate of avian influenza virus,measures should be taken especially in the live poultry retail markets while the positive rate is the highest as well as the density of live poultry there.
引文
[1]Yang WT,Yang GL,Shi SH,et al.Protection of chickens against H9N2avian influenza virus challenge with recombinant Lactobacillus plantarumexpressing conserved antigens[J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2017,101(11):4593-4603.DOI:10.1007/s00253-017-8230-8
[2]Bui CM,Chughtai AA,Adam DC,et al.An overview of the epidemiology and emergence of influenza A infection in humans over time[J].Arch Public Health,2017,75(1):15.DOI:10.1186/s13690-017-0182-z
[3]Zhu G,Wang R,Xuan F,et al.Characterization of recombinant H9N2influenza viruses isolated from wild ducks in China[J].Vet Microbiol,2013,166(3/4):327-336.DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.05.013
[4]Zhang T,Bi YH,Tian HY.Human infection with influenza virus A(H10N8)from live poultry markets,China,2014[R].Emerg Infect Dis,2014,20(12):2076.DOI:10.3201/eid2012.140911
[5]魏志权,王保东.北京市怀柔区养禽人群对禽流感的防护现况及其影响因素[J].职业与健康,2015,31(15):2044-2047.DOI:10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2015.0714
[6]龙江,向伦辉,李勤,等.重庆市活禽市场从业人员感染禽流感的风险调查[J].疾病监测,2016,31(2):111-114.DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2016.02.007
[7]赵伟江,邵幼平,朱银潮.余姚市禽类养殖人员人禽流感防护意识调查[J].中国公共卫生,2007,23(2):226-227.DOI:10.3321/j.issn.1001-0580.2007.02.057
[8]邓韶英,李德云,谢丽燕.珠海市禽类养殖户禽流感KAP现状调查与影响因素分析[J].动物医学防制,2008,24(2):102-104.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6245.2008.02.012
[9]陆国林,俞国乔,顾小根,等.浙江省引起高致病性禽流感暴发流行的风险因子调查与分析[J].中国预防兽医学报,2009,31(12):941-944.
[10]Garber L,Voelker L,Hill G,et al.Description of live poultry markets in the United States and factors associated with repeated presence of H5/H7low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus[J].Avian Dis,2007,51(1Suppl):417-420.DOI:10.1637/7571-033106R.1
[11]贾伟新,廖明.从活禽交易的干预效果看我国禽流感的流行与防控[J].中国家禽,2015,37(22):1-3.DOI:10.16372/j.issn.1004-6364.2015.22.001
[12]邢永才,王大燕.鄱阳湖地区禽流感病毒相关监测研究进展[J].中国人兽共患病学报,2016,32(4):388-391.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2694.2016.04.014
[13]李鹏.鄱阳湖区禽流感发生风险研究[D].南昌:江西师范大学,2009.DOI:10.7666/d.y1555250
[14]Jake D.Rabobank:Bird flu disrupts outlets for dark poultry meat[EB/OL].(2014-12-16)[2017-02-03].http://www.fwi.co.uk/poultry/rabobank-bird-flu-disrupts-outletsfor-dark-poultrymeat.htm
[15]Josh B.Egg prices blowing up because of avian flu[EB/OL].(2015-7-15)[2017-02-03].https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2015/07/15/producer-price-index-june-eggprices/30187641/
[2]Bui CM,Chughtai AA,Adam DC,et al.An overview of the epidemiology and emergence of influenza A infection in humans over time[J].Arch Public Health,2017,75(1):15.DOI:10.1186/s13690-017-0182-z
[3]Zhu G,Wang R,Xuan F,et al.Characterization of recombinant H9N2influenza viruses isolated from wild ducks in China[J].Vet Microbiol,2013,166(3/4):327-336.DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.05.013
[4]Zhang T,Bi YH,Tian HY.Human infection with influenza virus A(H10N8)from live poultry markets,China,2014[R].Emerg Infect Dis,2014,20(12):2076.DOI:10.3201/eid2012.140911
[5]魏志权,王保东.北京市怀柔区养禽人群对禽流感的防护现况及其影响因素[J].职业与健康,2015,31(15):2044-2047.DOI:10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2015.0714
[6]龙江,向伦辉,李勤,等.重庆市活禽市场从业人员感染禽流感的风险调查[J].疾病监测,2016,31(2):111-114.DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2016.02.007
[7]赵伟江,邵幼平,朱银潮.余姚市禽类养殖人员人禽流感防护意识调查[J].中国公共卫生,2007,23(2):226-227.DOI:10.3321/j.issn.1001-0580.2007.02.057
[8]邓韶英,李德云,谢丽燕.珠海市禽类养殖户禽流感KAP现状调查与影响因素分析[J].动物医学防制,2008,24(2):102-104.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6245.2008.02.012
[9]陆国林,俞国乔,顾小根,等.浙江省引起高致病性禽流感暴发流行的风险因子调查与分析[J].中国预防兽医学报,2009,31(12):941-944.
[10]Garber L,Voelker L,Hill G,et al.Description of live poultry markets in the United States and factors associated with repeated presence of H5/H7low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus[J].Avian Dis,2007,51(1Suppl):417-420.DOI:10.1637/7571-033106R.1
[11]贾伟新,廖明.从活禽交易的干预效果看我国禽流感的流行与防控[J].中国家禽,2015,37(22):1-3.DOI:10.16372/j.issn.1004-6364.2015.22.001
[12]邢永才,王大燕.鄱阳湖地区禽流感病毒相关监测研究进展[J].中国人兽共患病学报,2016,32(4):388-391.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2694.2016.04.014
[13]李鹏.鄱阳湖区禽流感发生风险研究[D].南昌:江西师范大学,2009.DOI:10.7666/d.y1555250
[14]Jake D.Rabobank:Bird flu disrupts outlets for dark poultry meat[EB/OL].(2014-12-16)[2017-02-03].http://www.fwi.co.uk/poultry/rabobank-bird-flu-disrupts-outletsfor-dark-poultrymeat.htm
[15]Josh B.Egg prices blowing up because of avian flu[EB/OL].(2015-7-15)[2017-02-03].https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2015/07/15/producer-price-index-june-eggprices/30187641/