直驱风电场经VSC-HVDC并网系统的多频段振荡特性分析
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摘要
风电、光伏经由高压直流(HVDC)并网外送已经成为可再生能源消纳的理想方案。对于直驱型永磁同步风力发电机组(D-PMSG)经柔性直流输电(VSC-HVDC)技术并网外送系统的多频段振荡(MBO)问题值得深入研究。首先分别建立D-PMSG与VSC-HVDC的动态模型,并推导两者之间的接口动态方程,进而得到D-PMSG经VSC-HVDC并网外送系统的完整动态模型。基于特征值分析法,发现系统存在低频、次/超同步、高频多频段振荡模式,而这些振荡模式不仅与换流控制器参数有关,还与VSC-HVDC受端电网短路比及直流输电线路参数密切相关。通过PSCAD/EMTDC进行时域仿真,验证模型与特征值分析结果的正确性。进一步深入研究分析VSC-HVDC受端电网短路比与直流输电线路参数对多频段振荡阻尼特性的影响。结果发现,从调度运行的角度出发,尤其应当监视可能引起短路比过低进而恶化强相关模式阻尼比的运行状态;直流输电线路参数对高频振荡模式影响较大,直流线路过短特别是柔直背靠背的情况应给予关注。
Wind or PV power interfaced with HVDC system is an ideal approach to transmit power for renewable energy consumption. It is worthy of further study the multi-band oscillation(MBO) of direct drive wind farm based on direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator(D-PMSG) interfaced with voltage source converter-based HVDC(VSC-HVDC) system. Firstly, the dynamic models of D-PMSG and VSC-HVDC are established respectively, and the interface dynamic equation between them is deduced, and then the complete model of system is obtained. Based on the eigenvalue analysis, it can be found that there exist low frequency oscillatory(LFO), sub/sup-sybchronous oscillatory(Sub SO/Sup SO) and high frequency oscillatory(HFO) modes, and these modes are not only related to the parameters of the converter controllers, but also to the short-circuit ratio(SCR) of VSC-HVDC receiving-side power grid, and the HVDC transmission line parameters. Time domain simulation by PSCAD/EMTDC verifies the correctness of the model and eigenvalue analysis results. Furthermore, the influence of SCR and HVDC transmission line parameter on the damping characteristics of MBO is further studied in detail. It is found that, it is especially necessary to monitor the operating state of receiving-side power grid whose SCR is too low, that may deteriorate the damping ratio. Considering the HVDC transmission line parameter has a great influence on HFO mode, HVDC transmission whose line length is too short shall be given attention.
Wind or PV power interfaced with HVDC system is an ideal approach to transmit power for renewable energy consumption. It is worthy of further study the multi-band oscillation(MBO) of direct drive wind farm based on direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator(D-PMSG) interfaced with voltage source converter-based HVDC(VSC-HVDC) system. Firstly, the dynamic models of D-PMSG and VSC-HVDC are established respectively, and the interface dynamic equation between them is deduced, and then the complete model of system is obtained. Based on the eigenvalue analysis, it can be found that there exist low frequency oscillatory(LFO), sub/sup-sybchronous oscillatory(Sub SO/Sup SO) and high frequency oscillatory(HFO) modes, and these modes are not only related to the parameters of the converter controllers, but also to the short-circuit ratio(SCR) of VSC-HVDC receiving-side power grid, and the HVDC transmission line parameters. Time domain simulation by PSCAD/EMTDC verifies the correctness of the model and eigenvalue analysis results. Furthermore, the influence of SCR and HVDC transmission line parameter on the damping characteristics of MBO is further studied in detail. It is found that, it is especially necessary to monitor the operating state of receiving-side power grid whose SCR is too low, that may deteriorate the damping ratio. Considering the HVDC transmission line parameter has a great influence on HFO mode, HVDC transmission whose line length is too short shall be given attention.
引文
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[12]刘忠义,刘崇茹,李庚银,等.机械轴系模型对直驱永磁同步风力发电机暂态分析的影响[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(2):145-152.Liu Zhongyi,Liu Chongru,Li Gengyin,et al.Influence of shafting models in the transient analysis of wind turbines with permanent magnet synchronous generators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(2):145-152.
[13]屠卿瑞,徐政,张静.基于PSCAD/EMTDC的直驱式风力发电接入系统建模与仿真[J].太阳能学报,2010,31(4):523-529.Tu Qingrui,Xu Zheng,Zhang Jing.Modeling and simulation on connection of direct-drive wind turbine based on PSCAD/EMTDC[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2010,31(4):523-529.
[14]姚骏,廖勇,庄凯.永磁直驱风电机组的双PWM变换器协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(20):88-92.Yao Jun,Liao Yong,Zhuang Kai.Coordinated control strategy of back-to-back PWM converter for permanent magnet direct-driven wind turbine[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(20):88-92.
[15]瞿兴鸿.直驱永磁同步风力发电系统的研究与设计[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008.
[16]苏勋文.风电场动态等值建模方法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2010.
[17]汤广福.基于电压源换流高压直流输电技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010.
[18]杨悦,李国庆.基于VSC-HVDC的海上风电小干扰稳定控制[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(13):101-110.Yang Yue,Li Guoqing.The small signal stability control of offshore wind farm based on VSC-HVDC[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(13):101-110.
[2]王晖,李莹,李文锋,等.并网逆变器复合电流环引起次/超同步振荡机理研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(4):1061-1068.Wang Hui,Li Ying,Li Wenfeng,et al.Mechanism research of subsynchronous and supersynchronous oscillations caused by compound current loop of gridconnected inverter[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(4):1061-1068.
[3]戴金水,吕敬,朱淼,等.大型海上风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的次同步振荡阻尼特性分析[J].电气应用,2016,35(8):51-57.Dai Jinshui,LüJing,Zhu Miao,et al.Analysis of subsynchronous oscillation damping characteristics of large offshore wind farms interfaced with VSC-HVDC connected to power grid[J].Electrotechnical Application,2016,35(8):51-57.
[4]徐坤,赵成勇,高本峰.VSC-HVDC的次同步阻尼特性研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(2):1-6.Xue Kun,Zhao Chengyong,Gao Benfeng.Study on sub·synchronous damping characteristic of VSCHVDC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(2):1-6.
[5]杨黎晖,马西奎.双馈风电机组对电力系统低频振荡特性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(10):19-25.Yang Lihui,Ma Xikui.Impact of doubly fed induction generator wind turbine on power system lowfrequency oscillation characteristic[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(10):19-25.
[6]秦超,曾沅,苏寅生,等.基于安全域的大规模风电并网系统低频振荡稳定分析[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(5):100-106.Qin Chao,Zeng Yuan,Su Yinsheng,et al.Lowfrequency oscillatory stability analysis based on security regionfor power system with large-scale wind power[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(5):100-106.
[7]李景一,毕天姝,于钊,等.直驱风机变流控制系统对次同步频率分量的响应机理研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(6):1734-1740.Li Jingyi,Bi Tianshu,Yu Zhao,et al.Study on response characteristics of grid converter control system of permanent magnet synchronous generators(PMSG)to subsynchronous frequency component[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(6):1734-1740.
[8]谢小荣,刘华坤,贺静波,等.直驱风机风电场与交流电网相互作用引发次同步振荡的机理与特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2366-2372.Xie Xiaorong,Liu Huakun,He Jing bo,et al.Mechanism and characteristics of subsynchronous oscillation caused by the interaction between fullconverter wind turbines and AC systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2366-2372.
[9]耿华,许德伟,吴斌.永磁直驱变速风电系统的控制及稳定性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(33):68-75.Geng Hua,Xu Dewei,Wu Bin.Control and stability analysis for the permanent magnetic synchronous generator based direct driven variable speed wind energy conversion system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(33):68-75.
[10]Lyu J,Cai X,Molinas M.Frequency domain stability analysis of MMC-based HVDC for wind farm integration[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2016,4(1):141-151.
[11]杨洁,刘开培,余俞,等.交流电网互联的双端柔性直流输电系统小信号建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(9):2177-2184.Yang Jie,Liu Kaipei,Yu Yu,et al.Small signal modeling for VSC-HVDC used in AC grid interconnection[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(9):2177-2184.
[12]刘忠义,刘崇茹,李庚银,等.机械轴系模型对直驱永磁同步风力发电机暂态分析的影响[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(2):145-152.Liu Zhongyi,Liu Chongru,Li Gengyin,et al.Influence of shafting models in the transient analysis of wind turbines with permanent magnet synchronous generators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(2):145-152.
[13]屠卿瑞,徐政,张静.基于PSCAD/EMTDC的直驱式风力发电接入系统建模与仿真[J].太阳能学报,2010,31(4):523-529.Tu Qingrui,Xu Zheng,Zhang Jing.Modeling and simulation on connection of direct-drive wind turbine based on PSCAD/EMTDC[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2010,31(4):523-529.
[14]姚骏,廖勇,庄凯.永磁直驱风电机组的双PWM变换器协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(20):88-92.Yao Jun,Liao Yong,Zhuang Kai.Coordinated control strategy of back-to-back PWM converter for permanent magnet direct-driven wind turbine[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(20):88-92.
[15]瞿兴鸿.直驱永磁同步风力发电系统的研究与设计[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008.
[16]苏勋文.风电场动态等值建模方法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2010.
[17]汤广福.基于电压源换流高压直流输电技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010.
[18]杨悦,李国庆.基于VSC-HVDC的海上风电小干扰稳定控制[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(13):101-110.Yang Yue,Li Guoqing.The small signal stability control of offshore wind farm based on VSC-HVDC[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(13):101-110.
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