巴克夏和里岔黑猪不同杂交组合生产性能的比较研究
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摘要
旨在测定巴克夏和里岔黑猪这两个猪种的杂交性能,筛选出较为理想的杂交组合。本研究设计了巴克夏×陆川猪(巴陆,2 224头)、巴克夏×里岔黑猪(巴里,18 555头)、巴克夏×玉山黑猪(巴玉,660头)、巴克夏×圩猪(巴圩,366头)、里岔黑猪×陆川猪(里陆,2 689头)、里岔黑猪×玉山黑猪(里玉,706头)和杜洛克×里岔黑猪(杜里,1 026头)7种杂交组合,并通过生长肥育、体尺和繁殖3大类16个性状的生产性能测定来比较它们的优劣。生产性能测定结果表明,杜里综合性能最好,除产仔数和臀宽表现一般外,其余性状都表现较好;巴里其次,除产仔数、肥育期的料肉比和100kg背膘厚表现一般外,其余性状表现较好;剩余5种杂交组合的综合性能较差,目前没有商业化应用价值。由于杜里和巴里猪综合性能较好,为了进一步了解它们的产肉性能,分别对杜里和巴里猪进行屠宰测定。巴里猪的产肉性能总体比杜里猪要好,除大理石纹和肌内脂肪含量不如杜里猪外,其余性状均优于杜里猪,尤其是胸椎数,巴里比杜猪里多1.33根,差异达到极显著水平(P=0.003)。除了生产性能外,商品猪体型外貌也很重要,尤其是毛色。巴里猪的毛色均为黑色,杜里猪有部分发生毛色分离。综合比较,配合力测定结果提示,巴里和杜里综合性能优于其它5种组合,巴里的市场前景比杜里更好。
In order to test the cross performance of Berkshire and Licha black pigs and pick out the valuable cross combination,seven cross combinations were designed in this study,namely Berkshire× Luchuan(BLu,2 224 heads),Berkshire × Licha black pig(BL,18 555 heads),Berkshire × Yushan black pig(BY,660 heads),Berkshire× Weizhu(BW,366 heads),Licha black pig × Luchuan pig(LL,2 689 heads),Licha black pig×Yushan black pig(LY,706 heads)and Duroc× Licha black pig(DL,1 026 heads),and 16 traits containing growth,fattening,body size and reproductive performance were used to compare pros and cons of the 7 cross combinations.The performance test results showed that DL's overall performance was the best.All of its recorded traits were excellent except litter size and hip width,which were at the ordinary level.BL's overall performance was in the second place:exceptlitter size,feed conversion ratio in fattening period and backfat thickness at 100 kg were not as good as DL.Most recorded traits of the remaining 5 cross combinations were ordinary or bad,so they were not suitable to be commercialized.In order to further understand the productive performances of DL and BL,DL and BL were slaughtered to test their meat production performances.Except marbling score and intramuscular fat content,all carcass and meat quality traits of BL were better than their counterparts of DL.In particular,the thoracic vertebrae number of BL was 1.33 more than that of DL(P=0.003).For the hog,besides of the production performance,body appearances were also very important,especially the coat color.All BL pigs were black,while coat color segregation existed in DL.Most of DL pigs were black,but some of them were covered with some other coat colors.In general,our combining ability test results indicate that the overall performances of BL and DL are better than that of the rest 5 cross combinations,the market prospect of BL is better than that of DL.
In order to test the cross performance of Berkshire and Licha black pigs and pick out the valuable cross combination,seven cross combinations were designed in this study,namely Berkshire× Luchuan(BLu,2 224 heads),Berkshire × Licha black pig(BL,18 555 heads),Berkshire × Yushan black pig(BY,660 heads),Berkshire× Weizhu(BW,366 heads),Licha black pig × Luchuan pig(LL,2 689 heads),Licha black pig×Yushan black pig(LY,706 heads)and Duroc× Licha black pig(DL,1 026 heads),and 16 traits containing growth,fattening,body size and reproductive performance were used to compare pros and cons of the 7 cross combinations.The performance test results showed that DL's overall performance was the best.All of its recorded traits were excellent except litter size and hip width,which were at the ordinary level.BL's overall performance was in the second place:exceptlitter size,feed conversion ratio in fattening period and backfat thickness at 100 kg were not as good as DL.Most recorded traits of the remaining 5 cross combinations were ordinary or bad,so they were not suitable to be commercialized.In order to further understand the productive performances of DL and BL,DL and BL were slaughtered to test their meat production performances.Except marbling score and intramuscular fat content,all carcass and meat quality traits of BL were better than their counterparts of DL.In particular,the thoracic vertebrae number of BL was 1.33 more than that of DL(P=0.003).For the hog,besides of the production performance,body appearances were also very important,especially the coat color.All BL pigs were black,while coat color segregation existed in DL.Most of DL pigs were black,but some of them were covered with some other coat colors.In general,our combining ability test results indicate that the overall performances of BL and DL are better than that of the rest 5 cross combinations,the market prospect of BL is better than that of DL.
引文
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[7]郭建凤,沈彦锋,王彦平,等.莱芜猪与长白猪杂交后代猪胴体性能及肉品质研究[J].养猪,2016(4):60-62.GUO J F,SHEN Y F,WANG Y P,et al.Study on carcass performance and meat qualities of progenies of Laiwu Pigs and Landrace pigs[J].Swine Production,2016(4):60-62.(in Chinese)
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[17]盛志廉.中国猪育种的新范例——苏太猪[J].养猪,2002(1):27-28.SHENG Z L.Sutai pig:A new paradigm for pig breeding in China[J].Swine Production,2002(1):27-28.(in Chinese)
[18]沈彦锋,盛清凯.鲁莱黑猪培育及推广[J].猪业科学,2010,27(8):108-109.SHEN Y F,SHENG Q K.The breeding and marketing of Lulai Black pig[J].Swine Industry Science,2010,27(8):108-109.(in Chinese)
[19]郭建凤,武英,赵德云,等.鲁烟白猪选育研究[J].养猪,2008(3):30-32.GUO J F,WU Y,ZHAO D Y,et al.Study on the breeding of Luyan White pig[J].Swine Production,2008(3):30-32.(in Chinese)
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