具有鲁棒特性的虚拟同步发电机无功电压环节参数设计
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摘要
虚拟同步发电机(VSG)是近年来并网逆变器控制策略研究中的热点,但关于其无功电压环节参数设计的研究目前并不多见。首先,以具有鲁棒特性的VSG为例,建立端电压设定值与其输出电压和无功功率之间的小信号模型。然后,利用增益对比分析实现无功电压环节和有功环节的解耦,得到了2阶形式的VSG无功电压环节数学模型,并借鉴IEEE和IEC推荐的同步发电机励磁系统参数设计依据,实现VSG无功电压环节参数的设计。最后,利用仿真和实验验证了所提方法的正确性与有效性。
Virtual synchronous generator(VSG)is a hotspot in the control strategy research of grid-connected inverters in recent years,but the research on the parameter design of VSG reactive power-voltage loop is rare.Firstly,taking robust VSG as an example,small signal model between reference voltage,and the output of reactive power and reactive voltage is established.Then the decoupling between reactive power-voltage loop and active power loop is realized through gain comparison analysis,and a second-order mathematical model of the output of reactive power-voltage of VSG is obtained.Referring to design requirements of excitation system parameters of synchronous generator recommended by IEEE and IEC,the parameters of VSG reactive power-voltage loop are designed.Finally,simulation and experiment results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Virtual synchronous generator(VSG)is a hotspot in the control strategy research of grid-connected inverters in recent years,but the research on the parameter design of VSG reactive power-voltage loop is rare.Firstly,taking robust VSG as an example,small signal model between reference voltage,and the output of reactive power and reactive voltage is established.Then the decoupling between reactive power-voltage loop and active power loop is realized through gain comparison analysis,and a second-order mathematical model of the output of reactive power-voltage of VSG is obtained.Referring to design requirements of excitation system parameters of synchronous generator recommended by IEEE and IEC,the parameters of VSG reactive power-voltage loop are designed.Finally,simulation and experiment results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
引文
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[16]孟建辉,王毅,石新春,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的分布式逆变电源控制策略及参数分析[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):1-10.MENG Jianhui,WANG Yi,SHI Xinchun,et al.Control strategy and parameter analysis of distributed inverters based on VSG[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(12):1-10.
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[19]吴恒,阮新波,杨东升,等.虚拟同步发电机功率环的建模与参数设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6508-6518.WU Heng,RUAN Xinbo,YANG Dongsheng,et al.Modeling of the power loop and parameter design of virtual synchronous generators[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(24):6508-6518.
[20]ZHONG Qingchang.Robust droop controller for accurate proportional load sharing among inverters operated in parallel[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(4):1281-1290.
[21]肖凡,张昌华,段雪,等.逆变器潮流计算节点类型等效及鲁棒下垂节点的潮流计算[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(10):75-81.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170918003.XIAO Fan,ZHANG Changhua,DUAN Xue,et al.Equivalence of inverter node type in power flow calculation and power flow calculation for robust droop control node[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(10):75-81.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170918003.
[22]KUNDUR P.Power system stability and control[M].New York:CRC Press,2001.
[23]黄顺礼,姜永惠,石建军.同步电机励磁控制系统的开环增益及阻尼系数[J].大电机技术,1997(1):47-51.HUANG Shunli,JIANG Yonghui,DAN Jianjun.Open-loop gain and damping ratio of excitation control system for synchronous machines[J].Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine,1997(1):47-51.
[24]European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.Requirements for the connection of micro generators in parallel with public low-voltage distribution networks:EN 50438[S].2008.
[25]胡寿松.自动控制原理[M].5版.北京:科学出版社,2007.HU Shousong.Automation control theory[M].5th ed.Beijing:Science Press,2007.
[26]PAPATHANASSIOU S,HATZIARGYRIOU N,STRUNZK.A benchmark low voltage microgrid network[C]//CIGRESymposium,October 5-7,2005,Athens,Greece.
[2]BLAABJERG F,TEODORESCU R,LISERRE M,et al.Overview of control and grid synchronization for distributed power generation systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2006,53(5):1398-1409.
[3]王成山,李鹏.分布式发电、微网与智能配电网的发展与挑战[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(2):10-14.WANG Chengshan,LI Peng.Development and challenges of distributed generation,the micro-grid and smart distribution system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(2):10-14.
[4]李聪.基于下垂控制的微电网运行仿真及小信号稳定性分析[D].成都:西南交通大学,2013.LI Cong.Operation simulation and small signal stability analysis of microgrid based on droop control[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2013.
[5]GUERRERO J M,DE VICUNA L G,MATAS J,et al.Awireless controller to enhance dynamic performance of parallel inverters in distributed generation systems[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2004,19(5):1205-1213.
[6]COELHO E A,CORTIZO P C,GARCIA P D.Small-signal stability for parallel-connected inverters in stand-alone ACsupply systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2002,38(2):533-542.
[7]陈昕,张昌华,黄琦,等.引入功率微分项下垂控制的逆变器并联系统小信号稳定性分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(11):3467-3475.CHEN Xin,ZHANG Changhua,HUANG Qi,et al.Smallsignal stability analysis of parallel inverter system with power differential term droop control[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3467-3475.
[8]CHEN Y,HESSE R,TURSCHNER D,et al.Improving the grid power quality using virtual synchronous machines[C]//International Conference on Power Engineering,Energy and Electrical Drives,May 11-13,2011,Malaga,Spain.
[9]WU Heng,RUAN Xinbo,YANG Dongsheng,et al.Smallsignal modeling and parameters design for virtual synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(7):4292-4303.
[10]ZHONG Q,WEISS G.Synchronverters:inverters that mimic synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(4):1259-1267.
[11]孟志伟,杨海洋.强阻尼电压源型虚拟同步发电机大扰动功角稳定性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):44-50.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170815002.MENG Zhiwei,YANG Haiyang.Analysis on large disturbance power angle stability of strong damping voltage source virtual synchronous generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):44-50.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170815002.
[12]郭蕾,苏建徽,施永.微网孤岛运行模式下的调频控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(8):110-115.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160620006.GUO Lei,SU Jianhui,SHI Yong.Frequency regulation control strategy for microgrid in islanded mode[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(8):110-115.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160620006.
[13]D’ARCO S A,FOSSO O B.A virtual synchronous machine implementation for distributed control of power converters in smart grids[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2015,122(6):180-197.
[14]王毅,黑阳,付媛,等,基于变下垂系数的直流配电网自适应虚拟惯性控制[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(8):116-124.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160729015.WANG Yi,HEI Yang,FU Yuan,et al.Adaptive virtual inertia control of DC distribution network based on variable droop coefficient[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(8):116-124.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160729015.
[15]秦晓辉,苏丽宁,迟永宁,等.大电网中虚拟同步发电机惯量支撑与一次调频功能定位辨析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):36-43.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171122007.QIN Xiaohui,SU Lining,CHI Yongning,et al.Functional orientation discrimination of inertia support and primary frequency regulation of virtual synchronous generator in large power grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(9):36-43.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171122007.
[16]孟建辉,王毅,石新春,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的分布式逆变电源控制策略及参数分析[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):1-10.MENG Jianhui,WANG Yi,SHI Xinchun,et al.Control strategy and parameter analysis of distributed inverters based on VSG[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(12):1-10.
[17]ZHANG B,YAN X,ALTAHIR S Y.Control design and small-signal modeling of multi-parallel virtual synchronous generators[C]//IEEE International Conference on Compatibility,Power Electronics and Power Engineering,April 4-6,2017,Cadiz,Spain.
[18]曾正,邵伟华,李辉,等.孤岛微网中虚拟同步发电机不平衡电压控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):372-381.ZENG Zheng,SHAO Weihua,LI Hui,et al.Unbalanced voltage control of virtual synchronous generator in islanded micro-grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):372-381.
[19]吴恒,阮新波,杨东升,等.虚拟同步发电机功率环的建模与参数设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6508-6518.WU Heng,RUAN Xinbo,YANG Dongsheng,et al.Modeling of the power loop and parameter design of virtual synchronous generators[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(24):6508-6518.
[20]ZHONG Qingchang.Robust droop controller for accurate proportional load sharing among inverters operated in parallel[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(4):1281-1290.
[21]肖凡,张昌华,段雪,等.逆变器潮流计算节点类型等效及鲁棒下垂节点的潮流计算[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(10):75-81.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170918003.XIAO Fan,ZHANG Changhua,DUAN Xue,et al.Equivalence of inverter node type in power flow calculation and power flow calculation for robust droop control node[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(10):75-81.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170918003.
[22]KUNDUR P.Power system stability and control[M].New York:CRC Press,2001.
[23]黄顺礼,姜永惠,石建军.同步电机励磁控制系统的开环增益及阻尼系数[J].大电机技术,1997(1):47-51.HUANG Shunli,JIANG Yonghui,DAN Jianjun.Open-loop gain and damping ratio of excitation control system for synchronous machines[J].Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine,1997(1):47-51.
[24]European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.Requirements for the connection of micro generators in parallel with public low-voltage distribution networks:EN 50438[S].2008.
[25]胡寿松.自动控制原理[M].5版.北京:科学出版社,2007.HU Shousong.Automation control theory[M].5th ed.Beijing:Science Press,2007.
[26]PAPATHANASSIOU S,HATZIARGYRIOU N,STRUNZK.A benchmark low voltage microgrid network[C]//CIGRESymposium,October 5-7,2005,Athens,Greece.