虚拟同步机功角稳定的参数空间分析
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摘要
虚拟同步机技术旨在控制逆变器,使其模拟传统同步发电机的运行特性。该文基于单机无穷大系统下的二阶虚拟同步机动态模型,对系统暂态功角稳定性及其相关机理进行分析。提出全局范围内的参数空间,并对参数空间中逆变器系统可能存在的功角稳定性质进行分析与实时仿真验证。此外,基于上述分析结果,提出一种简单的分岔轨迹塑性控制,通过在紧急情况下调整控制参数,消除造成暂态功角失稳的吸引子,从而增强系统的稳定性。
The virtual synchronous machine technology is able to control the inverter to mimic the behaviors of the traditional synchronous generator. In this paper, the rotor angle stability and its mechanism were analyzed under the second-order dynamic model of the virtual synchronous machine in a single machine(inverter) infinite bus system. The global parameter space was presented. The possible situations covering the space were analyzed and verified by real-time simulations. Furthermore, the idea of bifurcation trajectory shaping control was proposed, which can eliminate the attractor that causes the rotor angle instability by adjusting the control parameters under emergency and thus guarantee the stability.
The virtual synchronous machine technology is able to control the inverter to mimic the behaviors of the traditional synchronous generator. In this paper, the rotor angle stability and its mechanism were analyzed under the second-order dynamic model of the virtual synchronous machine in a single machine(inverter) infinite bus system. The global parameter space was presented. The possible situations covering the space were analyzed and verified by real-time simulations. Furthermore, the idea of bifurcation trajectory shaping control was proposed, which can eliminate the attractor that causes the rotor angle instability by adjusting the control parameters under emergency and thus guarantee the stability.
引文
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[18]D'Arco S,Suul J A,Fosso O B.Control system tuning and stability analysis of Virtual Synchronous Machines[C]//IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.Denver,CO,USA:IEEE,2013:2664-2671.
[19]Wu H,Ruan X B,Yang D S,et al.Small-signal modeling and parameters design for virtual synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(7):4292-4303.
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[2]Kundur P,Paserba J,Ajjarapu V,et al.Definition and classification of power system stability IEEE/CIGRE joint task force on stability terms and definitions[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2004,19(3):1387-1401.
[3]孙华东,汤涌,马世英.电力系统稳定的定义与分类述评[J].电网技术,2006,30(17):31-35.Sun Huadong,Tang Yong,Ma Shiying.A commentary on definition and classification of power system stability[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(17):31-35(in Chinese).
[4]Wang K,Crow M L.The Fokker-Planck equation for power system stability probability density function evolution[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(3):2994-3001.
[5]袁小明,程时杰,胡家兵.电力电子化电力系统多尺度电压功角动态稳定问题[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(19):5145-5154.Yuan Xiaoming,Cheng Shijie,Hu Jiabing.Multi-time scale voltage and power angle dynamics in power electronics dominated large power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(19):5145-5154(in Chinese).
[6]Beck H P,Hesse R.Virtual synchronous machine[C]//Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation.Barcelona,Spain:IEEE,2007:1-6.
[7]Zhong Q C,Weiss G.Synchronverters:inverters that mimic synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(4):1259-1267.
[8]丁明,杨向真,苏建徽.基于虚拟同步发电机思想的微电网逆变电源控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(8):89-93.Ding Ming,Yang Xiangzhen,Su Jianhui.Control strategies of inverters based on virtual synchronous generator in a microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(8):89-93(in Chinese).
[9]Sakimoto K,Miura Y,Ise T.Stabilization of a power system with a distributed generator by a Virtual Synchronous Generator function[C]//Proceedings of the8th International Conference on Power Electronics-ECCEAsia.Jeju,South Korea:IEEE,2011:1498-1505.
[10]吕志鹏,盛万兴,钟庆昌,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在微电网中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2591-2603.LüZhipeng,Sheng Wanxing,Zhong Qingchang,et al.Virtual synchronous generator and its applications in micro-grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2591-2603(in Chinese).
[11]Xue Y,Van Custem T,Ribbens-Pavella M.Extended equal area criterion justifications,generalizations,applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1989,4(1):44-52.
[12]吴政球,陈辉华,唐外文,等.以单机等面积稳定判据分析多机系统暂态稳定性[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):48-52.Wu Zhengqiu,Chen Huihua,Tang Waiwen,et al.Using single machine equal area criterion to analyze multi-machine systems stability[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(4):48-52(in Chinese).
[13]匡文凯,黎为,吴政球,等.基于功角曲线拟合的快速暂态稳定预估分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,37(10):93-97.Kuang Wenkai,Li Wei,Wu Zhengqiu,et al.A fast transient stability predicting method by fitting[J].Power System Protection and Control,2009,37(10):93-97(in Chinese).
[14]Zarate-Minano R,van Cutsem T,Milano F,et al.Securing transient stability using time-domain simulations within an optimal power flow[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(1):243-253.
[15]Chang H D,Chu C C,Cauley G.Direct stability analysis of electric power systems using energy functions:theory,applications,and perspective[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1995,83(11):1497-1529.
[16]刘笙,陈陈.电力系统暂态稳定的能量函数分析:网络结构保持模型[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.Liu Sheng,Chen Chen.Energy function analysis of the power system transient stability:network structure preserving model[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014(in Chinese).
[17]Du Y,Guerrero J M,Chang L C,et al.Modeling,analysis,and design of a frequency-droop-based virtual synchronous generator for microgrid applications[C]//2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder.Melbourne,VIC,Australia:IEEE,2013:643-649.
[18]D'Arco S,Suul J A,Fosso O B.Control system tuning and stability analysis of Virtual Synchronous Machines[C]//IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.Denver,CO,USA:IEEE,2013:2664-2671.
[19]Wu H,Ruan X B,Yang D S,et al.Small-signal modeling and parameters design for virtual synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(7):4292-4303.
[20]Hirsch M W,Smale S,Devaney R L.Differential equations,dynamical systems,and an introduction to chaos[M].3rd Ed.Amsterdam:Academic Press,2013.
[21]张芷芬,丁同仁,黄文灶,等.微分方程定性理论[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.Zhang Zhifen,Ding Tongren,Huang Wenzao,et al.Qualitative theories of differential equations[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985(in Chinese).