白云岩成因类型、识别特征及储集空间成因
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摘要
针对白云岩成因、原生白云石沉淀、白云岩孔隙成因等问题,在前人认识的基础上,补充四川和塔里木盆地典型案例的岩石学和地球化学特征分析工作,取得3项进展:(1)提出基于岩石特征、形成环境和时间序列的白云岩成因分类,不同成因白云岩之间的成岩域、特征域界线清晰,演化线索清楚,更具系统性和连续性;(2)建立不同成因白云岩的岩石学和地球化学特征识别标志,白云岩之间的岩石学和地球化学特征的变化具有规律性,是连续时间序列上形成环境变迁的响应;(3)重新评价白云石化作用对孔隙的贡献,阐明白云岩中的孔隙主要来自原岩的沉积原生孔、部分来自表生溶蚀和埋藏溶蚀作用,早期白云石化有利于孔隙的保存。这些认识对白云岩成因的理解、不同成因白云岩的判识具重要的理论意义,同时对白云岩储集层预测具有重要的指导意义。
To find out the origin of dolomite, the precipitation of primary dolomite, and the formation of pores in dolomite, petrologic and geochemical characteristics of typical samples from Sichuan and Tarim Basin were analyzed based on the previous understandings,and three aspects of results were achieved.(1) A classification of dolomite origins based on petrologic features, forming environment and time sequence was proposed, which shows clear boundaries of diagenetic and characteristic realms and evolved clues between different types of dolomite.(2) Petrographic and geochemical identification marks for different types of dolomite were presented, revealing that the orderly geochemical variation of different types of dolomite is the response to the change of forming environment of dolomite during continuous time sequence.(3) The contribution of dolomitization to the formation of porosity was re-evaluated, revealing that the porosity in dolomite was mostly attributed to the primary pores and supergene dissolution and burial dissolution, and early dolomitization was conducive to the preservation of primary pores. These understandings are of great theoretical significance for identifying the origins and types of dolomite, and can guide the prediction of dolomite reservoirs.
To find out the origin of dolomite, the precipitation of primary dolomite, and the formation of pores in dolomite, petrologic and geochemical characteristics of typical samples from Sichuan and Tarim Basin were analyzed based on the previous understandings,and three aspects of results were achieved.(1) A classification of dolomite origins based on petrologic features, forming environment and time sequence was proposed, which shows clear boundaries of diagenetic and characteristic realms and evolved clues between different types of dolomite.(2) Petrographic and geochemical identification marks for different types of dolomite were presented, revealing that the orderly geochemical variation of different types of dolomite is the response to the change of forming environment of dolomite during continuous time sequence.(3) The contribution of dolomitization to the formation of porosity was re-evaluated, revealing that the porosity in dolomite was mostly attributed to the primary pores and supergene dissolution and burial dissolution, and early dolomitization was conducive to the preservation of primary pores. These understandings are of great theoretical significance for identifying the origins and types of dolomite, and can guide the prediction of dolomite reservoirs.
引文
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[39]张建勇,郭庆新,寿建峰,等.新近纪海平面变化对白云石化的控制及对古老层系白云岩成因的启示[J].海相油气地质, 2013,18(4):46-52.ZHANG Jianyong, GUO Qingxin, SHOU Jianfeng, et al. Control of Neogene global eustasy on dolomitization:Revelation to the origin of dolomitization in paleostrata[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2013, 18(4):46-52.
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[2] LAND L S. The origin of massive dolomite[J]. Journal of Geological Education, 1985, 33(2):112-125.
[3] HARDIE L A. Dolomitization:A critical view of some current views[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 1987, 57(1):166-183.
[4] BUDD D A. Cenozoic dolomites of carbonate islands:Their attributes and origin[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 1997, 42(1/2):1-47.
[5] WARREN J. Dolomite:Occurrence, evolution and economically important associations[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2000, 52(1):1-81.
[6] MACHEL H G. Concepts and models of dolomitization:A critical reappraisal[C]//BRAITHWAITE C J R, RIZZI G, DARKE G. The geometry and petrogenesis of dolomite hydrocarbon reservoirs.London:Geological Society(London)Specia Publication, 2004,235(1):7-63.
[7]张学丰,刘波,蔡忠贤,等.白云岩化作用与碳酸盐岩储层物性[J].地质科技情报, 2010, 29(3):79-85.ZHANG Xuefeng, LIU Bo, CAI Zhongxian, et al. Dolomitization and carbonate reservoir formation[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2010, 29(3):79-85.
[8]黄思静.碳酸盐岩的成岩作用[M].北京:地质出版社, 2010.HUANG Sijing. Carbonate diagenesis[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 2010.
[9]黄擎宇,刘伟,张艳秋,等.白云石化作用及白云岩储层研究进展[J].地球科学进展, 2015, 30(5):539-551.HUANG Qingyu, LIU Wei, ZHANG Yanqiu, et al. Progress of research on dolomitization and dolomite reservoir[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2015, 30(5):539-551.
[10] ADAMS J E, RHODES M L. Dolomitization by seepage refluxion[J].AAPG Bulletin, 1961, 44(12):1921-1920.
[11] BUSH P R. Some aspects of the diagenetic history of the sabkha in Abu Dhabi, Persian Gulf[C]//PURSER B H. The Persian Gulf. New York:Springer-Verlag, 1973:395-407.
[12] MCKENZIE J A, HSU K J, SCHNEIDER J E. Movement of subsurface waters under the sabkha, Abu Dhabi, UAE, and its relation to evaporative dolomite genesis[C]//ZENGER D H,DUNHAM J B, ETHINGTON R L. Concepts and models of dolomitization. Tulsa:SEPM Special Publication, 1980, 28:11-30.
[13] BADIOZAMANI K. The Dorag dolomitization model-application to the Middle Ordovician of Wiscons[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1973, 43(4):965-984.
[14] MONTANEZ I P. Late diagenetic dolomitization of Lower Ordovician, Upper Knox Carbonates:A record of the hydrodynamic evolution of the southern Appalachian Basin[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1994, 78(8):1210-1239.
[15] MATTES B W, MOUNTJOY E W. Burial dolomitization of the Upper Devonian Miette buildup, Jasper National Park, Alberta[C]//ZENGER D H, DUNHAM J B, ETHINGTON R L. Concepts and models of dolomitization. Tulsa, OK:SEPM Special Publication,1980, 28:259-297.
[16] VAHRENKAMP V C, SWART P K. Late Cenozoic dolomites of the Bahamas:Metastable analogues for the genesis of ancient platform dolomites[C]//PURSER B, TUCKER M, ZENGER D. Dolomites(International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication).Oxford:Blackwell Science, 1994, 21:133-153.
[17] GRAHAM R DAVIS, LANGHORNE B, SMITH JR. Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies:An overview[J].AAPG Bulletin, 2006, 90(11):1641-1690.
[18] LAND L S. Failure to precipitate dolomite at 25℃from dilute solution despite 1000-fold oversaturation after 32 years[J]. Aquatic Geochemistry, 1998, 4(3):361-368.
[19] VASCONCELOS C, MCKENZIE J A, BERNASCONI S, et al.Microbial mediation as a possible mechanism for natural dolomite formation at low temperatures[J]. Nature, 1995, 377(6546):220-222.
[20] VAN LITH Y, VASCONCELOS C, WARTHMANN R, et al. Bacterial sulfate reduction and salinity:Two controls on dolomite precipitation in Lagoa Vermelha and Brejo do Espinho(Brazil)[J]. Hydrobiologia,2002, 485(1/2/3):35-49.
[21] WARTHMANN R, VASCONCELOS C, SASS H, et al. Desulfovibrio brasiliensis sp. nov., a moderate halophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium from Lagoa Vermelha(Brazil)mediating dolomite formation[J].Extremophiles, 2005, 9(3):255-261.
[22] BONTOGNALI T R R, VASCONCGELOS C, WARTHMANN R J, et al.Dolomite formation within microbial mats in the coastal sabkha of Abu Dhabi(United Arab Emirates)[J]. Sedimentology, 2010, 57(3):824-844.
[23] BONTOGNALI TR R, VASCONCELOS C, WARTHMANN R J, et al.Dolomite-mediating bacterium isolated from the sabkha of Abu Dhabi(UAE)[J]. Terra Nova, 2012, 24(3):248-254.
[24] SáNCHEZ-ROMáN M. Aerobic microbial dolomite at the nanometer scale:Implications for the geologic record[J]. Geology, 2008, 36(11):879-882.
[25] SáNCHEZ-ROMáN M, MCKENZIE J A, DE LUCA REBELLO WAGENER A, et al. Presence of sulfate does not inhibit low-temperature dolomite precipitation[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2009, 285(1):131-139.
[26] KENWARD P A. Ordered low-temperature dolomite mediated bycarboxyl-group density of microbial cell walls[J]. AAPG Bulletin,2013, 97(11):2113-2125.
[27] ROBERTS J A, BENNETT P C, GONZALEZ L A, et al. Microbial precipitation of dolomite in methanogenic groundwater[J]. Geology,2004, 32(4):277-280.
[28] KENWARD P A, GOLDSTEIN R H, GONZALEZ L A, et al.Precipitation of low-temperature dolomite from an anaerobic microbial consortium:The role of methanogenic Archaea[J]. Geobiology, 2009,7(5):556-565.
[29] FAIRBRIDGE R W. The dolomite question[C]//LE BLANC R J,BREEDING J G. Regional aspects of carbonate deposition:A symposium sponsored by the society of economic paleontologists and mineralogists. Wisconsin:George Banta Company, 1957, 5:125-178.
[30] MOORE C H. Carbonate diagenesis and porosity[M]. New York:Elsevier, 1989.
[31] LUCIA F J. Carbonate reservoir characterization[M]. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 1999:226.
[32] WEYL P K. Porosity through dolomitization:Conservation-of-mass requirements[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 1960, 30(1):85-90.
[33] LUCIA F J, MAJOR R P. Porosity evolution through hypersaline reflux dolomitization[C]//PURSER B, TUCKER M, ZENGER D.Dolomites(International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication). Oxford:Blackwell Science, 1994, 21:325-341.
[34] PURSER B H, BROWN A, AISSAOUI. Nature, origins and evolution of porosity in dolomites[C]//PURSER B, TUCKER M,ZENGER D. Dolomites(International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication). Oxford:Blackwell Science,1994, 21:283-308.
[35] MOORE C H, HEYDARI E. Burial diagenesis and hydrocarbon migration in platform limestones:A conceptual model based on the Upper Jurassic of the Gulf Coast of USA[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1989,73(2):166-181.
[36] FOLK R L. Practical petrographic classification of limestones[J].AAPG Bulletin, 1959, 43(1):1-38.
[37] DUNHAM G R. Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture[C]//HAM W E. Classification of carbonate rocks,Tulsa, OK:AAPG Ehrenberg, 1962, 1:108-121.
[38]沈安江,郑剑锋,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地中下寒武统白云岩储集层特征?成因及分布[J].石油勘探与开发, 2016, 43(3):340-349.SHEN Anjiang, ZHENG Jianfeng, CHEN Yongquan, et al.Characteristics, origin and distribution of dolomite reservoirs in Lower-Middle Cambrian, Tarim Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016, 43(3):340-349.
[39]张建勇,郭庆新,寿建峰,等.新近纪海平面变化对白云石化的控制及对古老层系白云岩成因的启示[J].海相油气地质, 2013,18(4):46-52.ZHANG Jianyong, GUO Qingxin, SHOU Jianfeng, et al. Control of Neogene global eustasy on dolomitization:Revelation to the origin of dolomitization in paleostrata[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2013, 18(4):46-52.
[40] SALLER A H, DICKSON J A D. Partial dolomitization of a Pennsylvanian limestone buildup by hydrothermal fluids and its effect on reservoir quality and performance[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2011,95(10):1745-1762.
[41] BRIAN JONES, ROBERT W LUTH. Dolostones from Grand Cayman, British West Indies[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research,2002, 72(4):559-569.
[42] LASIC D D. Applications of liposomes[C]//LIPOWSKY R Z,SACKMANN E. Structure and dynamics of membranes. Amsterdam,Netherlands:Elsevier, 1995:491-519.
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