加压流化床气化飞灰造粒及其燃烧特性研究
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摘要
流化床气化飞灰造成严重粉尘污染,也大大降低气化效率。文中以U-GAS加压气化炉的飞灰为原料,探讨了圆盘造粒和对辊造粒的工艺条件及造粒产品用作锅炉原料的可行性。结果发现飞灰和造粒配煤以质量比1∶1造粒为宜,圆盘造粒要求水质量分数不低于30.7%,对辊造粒要求较低。造粒产品与锅炉原煤的热重曲线均呈"Z"字形,拐点温差小于15℃,着火温度相差8℃,燃尽温度相差20℃,综合燃烧特性指数分别为11.37×10~(-7)和16.43×10~(-7),燃烧性能差别小,可作为锅炉原料,避免了飞灰单独入炉燃烧造成的烟道超温现象。2种工艺经济性均较好,圆盘造粒产品含水量高,须设置干燥及冷却设备,对辊造粒如果成型前水分较小,可以省去干燥工段,大大减少投资,是首选的造粒工艺。
A large amount of fly ash is produced in fluidized bed gasification process, which cause dust pollution and seriously low gasification efficiency. In this paper, the fly ash from the U-GAS pressurized gasifier was used as raw material to study the process conditions of disc granulation and roller granulation and the feasibility of using pelletized products as boiler raw materials. The results showed that the fly ash to fine coal mass ratio was 1∶1. The water content for disc granulation was not less than 30.7 %. The requirements of roller granulation are widely. The shape of the TG curves of the granulated products and the boiler raw coal are similar and both have a "Z" shape, and the corresponding inflection point position temperature difference is less than 15 ℃. The ignition temperature both granulated product and boiler raw coal differed only by 8 ℃, the burn-out temperature was different by 20 ℃, and the comprehensive combustion characteristic index was 11.37×10~(-7) and 16.43×10~(-7), respectively, and the combustion performance was very different. Therefore it can be used as boiler raw material, avoiding the phenomenon of flue gas over-temperature caused by the separate combustion of fly ash into the furnace. Both processes have good profitability. The disc granulation product has high moisture content. Therefore drying and cooling equipment must be provided. If the roller granulation product is with small water before forming, the drying section can be omitted and the investment is greatly reduced.
A large amount of fly ash is produced in fluidized bed gasification process, which cause dust pollution and seriously low gasification efficiency. In this paper, the fly ash from the U-GAS pressurized gasifier was used as raw material to study the process conditions of disc granulation and roller granulation and the feasibility of using pelletized products as boiler raw materials. The results showed that the fly ash to fine coal mass ratio was 1∶1. The water content for disc granulation was not less than 30.7 %. The requirements of roller granulation are widely. The shape of the TG curves of the granulated products and the boiler raw coal are similar and both have a "Z" shape, and the corresponding inflection point position temperature difference is less than 15 ℃. The ignition temperature both granulated product and boiler raw coal differed only by 8 ℃, the burn-out temperature was different by 20 ℃, and the comprehensive combustion characteristic index was 11.37×10~(-7) and 16.43×10~(-7), respectively, and the combustion performance was very different. Therefore it can be used as boiler raw material, avoiding the phenomenon of flue gas over-temperature caused by the separate combustion of fly ash into the furnace. Both processes have good profitability. The disc granulation product has high moisture content. Therefore drying and cooling equipment must be provided. If the roller granulation product is with small water before forming, the drying section can be omitted and the investment is greatly reduced.
引文
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[23] 罗希韬,王志奇,武景丽,等.基于热重红外联用分析的热解机理研究[J].燃料化学学报,2015,40(9):1147-1152.
[24] WANG M,LI Z,HUANG W,et al.Coal pyrolysis characteristics by TG-MS and its late gas generation potential[J].Fuel,2015,156:243-253.
[2] MURAKAMI K,SATO M,TSUBOUCHI N,et al.Steam gasification of indonesian subbituminous coal with calcium carbonate as a catalyst raw material[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2015,129:91-97.
[3] 汪寿建.现代煤气化技术发展趋势及应用综述[J].化工进展,2016,35(3):653-664.
[4] JANG D,KIM H,CHAN L,et al.Kinetic analysis of catalytic coal gasification process in fixed bed condition using aspen plus[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2013,38(14):6021-6026.
[5] CHANG H,KHIM H C.Industrial-scale fixed-bed coal gasification:modeling,simulation and thermodynamic analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,2014,22(5):522-530.
[6] LI C,DAI Z,SUN Z,et al.Modeling of an opposed multiburner gasifier with a reduced-order model[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,2013,52(16):5825-5834.
[7] OSCAR Farías.Mathematical modeling of coal gasification in a fluidized bed reactor using a eulerian granular description[J].International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering,2015,9(1):42-43.
[8] 毛燕东,李克忠,孙志强,等.小型流化床燃煤自供热煤催化气化特性研究[J].高校化学工程学报,2013(5):798-804.
[9] 蒋海波,朱治平,王月,等.流化床煤气化试验研究[J].化学工程,2014,42(8):60-64.
[10] SONG W,SONG G,QI X,et al.Transformation characteristics of sodium in Zhundong coal under circulating fluidized bed gasification[J].Fuel,2016,182:660-667.
[11] 李风海,黄戒介,房倚天,等.流化床气化中小龙潭褐煤灰结渣行为[J].化学工程,2010,38(10):127-131.
[12] 章保.U-gas粉煤流化床煤气化废水设计及运行实例[J].工业用水与废水,2016,47(1):51-54.
[13] WATANABE H,OTAKA M.Numerical simulation of coal gasification in entrained flow coal gasifier[J].Fuel,2006,85(12/13):1935-1943.
[14] CHEN Bin,QU Ke li.U-GAS gasification furnace installing method[P].2014-06-12.
[15] 景旭亮,王志青,张乾,等.流化床气化炉半焦细粉的燃烧特性及其动力学研究[J].燃料化学学报,2015,42(1):13-21.
[16] 李风海,李振珠,黄戒介,等.神木煤流化床气化带出细粉的特性[J].燃料化学学报,2015,42(10):1153-1159.
[17] 杨鑫,黄戒介,房倚天,等.无烟煤流化床气化飞灰的结渣特性[J].燃料化学学报,2015,41(1):1-8.
[18] GOEL A,MITTAL A,Mallick S S,et al.Experimental investigation into transient pressure pulses during pneumatic conveying of fine powders using Shannon entropy[J].Particuology,2016,29(6):143-153.
[19] 黄芬霞,靳世平.管道内颗粒气力输送的研究现状与热点分析[J].中国粉体技术,2017(5):87-91.
[20] 郭永成,王春波,李新号.基于工业分析的恒温下煤粉燃尽特性预测模型[J].动力工程学报,2017,37(3):192-198.
[21] DUAN L,SUN H,ZHAO C,et al.Coal combustion characteristics on an oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed combustor with warm flue gas recycle[J].Fuel,2014,127:47-51.
[22] 刘雨廷,何榕.包含反应阶数变化的分形煤焦颗粒燃烧模型的建立与实验验证[J].化工学报,2016,67(1):339-348.
[23] 罗希韬,王志奇,武景丽,等.基于热重红外联用分析的热解机理研究[J].燃料化学学报,2015,40(9):1147-1152.
[24] WANG M,LI Z,HUANG W,et al.Coal pyrolysis characteristics by TG-MS and its late gas generation potential[J].Fuel,2015,156:243-253.
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