气化飞灰液压造粒及燃烧特性热重研究
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摘要
将加压流化床气化飞灰造粒后用作锅炉原料.探讨液压造粒的工艺条件及作为锅炉原料的可行性.结果表明:飞灰和造粒配煤质量比为1∶1,水分不大于20%(质量分数,下同),黏结剂不大于6.5%为宜(以造粒前混合物总质量为基准);在80%N_2+20%O_2气氛下,造粒产品与锅炉原煤的热重曲线均呈"Z"字形,着火温度仅相差10℃,燃尽温度相差45℃,可燃性指数分别为2.94×10~(-5)和7.10×10~(-5),综合燃烧特性指数分别为10.47×10~(-7)和16.43×10~(-7),燃烧性能差别小.造粒产品的使用避免了飞灰单独入炉燃烧造成的烟道超温现象,可作为锅炉原料;按照年处理飞灰20万t,飞灰、造粒配煤、造粒产品分别按20元/t,120元/t,150元/t计算,项目需投资约930万元,年净利润186万元,税后静态投资回收期约5.4年,经济效益显著.
The fly ash from the U-GAS pressurized gasifier was used as raw material to study the process conditions of hydraulic granulation and the feasibility of using pelletized products as boiler raw materials.The results shows that the suitable granulation conditions is that mass ratio between fly ash and fine coal is 1∶1,water mass fraction is not more than 20%,and binder mass fraction is not more than 6.5%.The shape of the TG curves of the granulated products and the boiler raw coal are similar and both have"Z"shape.For granulated product and boiler raw coal,the ignition temperature differs only by 10 ℃,and the burn-out temperature differs by 45℃.Their burnable index are 2.94×10~(-5) and 7.10×10~(-5) respectively and the comprehensive combustion characteristic index is 10.47×10~(-7) and 16.43×10~(-7) respectively,and the combustion performance is little difference.Therefore it can be used as boiler raw material,avoiding the phenomenon of flue gas over-temperature caused by the separate combustion of fly ash into the furnace.This process has good profitability.For 200×10~3 t fly ash,assuming fly ash,coal and product are 20 yuan/t,120 yuan/t,150 yuan/t respectively,the project needs to invest about 9 300×10~3 yuan,and net profit 186×10~4 yuan one year.Moreover,the recovery period of static investment after tax is about 5.4 years.
The fly ash from the U-GAS pressurized gasifier was used as raw material to study the process conditions of hydraulic granulation and the feasibility of using pelletized products as boiler raw materials.The results shows that the suitable granulation conditions is that mass ratio between fly ash and fine coal is 1∶1,water mass fraction is not more than 20%,and binder mass fraction is not more than 6.5%.The shape of the TG curves of the granulated products and the boiler raw coal are similar and both have"Z"shape.For granulated product and boiler raw coal,the ignition temperature differs only by 10 ℃,and the burn-out temperature differs by 45℃.Their burnable index are 2.94×10~(-5) and 7.10×10~(-5) respectively and the comprehensive combustion characteristic index is 10.47×10~(-7) and 16.43×10~(-7) respectively,and the combustion performance is little difference.Therefore it can be used as boiler raw material,avoiding the phenomenon of flue gas over-temperature caused by the separate combustion of fly ash into the furnace.This process has good profitability.For 200×10~3 t fly ash,assuming fly ash,coal and product are 20 yuan/t,120 yuan/t,150 yuan/t respectively,the project needs to invest about 9 300×10~3 yuan,and net profit 186×10~4 yuan one year.Moreover,the recovery period of static investment after tax is about 5.4 years.
引文
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[11]杨鑫,黄戒介,房倚天,等.无烟流化床气化飞灰的结渣特性[J].燃料化学学报,2013,41(1):1-8.YANG Xin,HUANG Jiejie,FANG Yitian,et al.Slagging Characteristics of Fly Ash from Anthracite Gasification in Fluidized Bed[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2013,41(1):1-8.
[12]GOEL A,MITTAL A,MALLICK S S,et al.Experimental Investigation into Transient Pressure Pulses During Pneumatic Conveying of Fine Powders Using Shannon Entropy[J].Particuology,2016,29(6):143-153.
[13]鹿鹏,韩东,蒲文灏,等.高压密相气力输送煤粉输送速率通量及神经网络模拟[J].化工学报,2013,64(5):1607-1613.LU Peng,HAN Dong,PU Wenhao,et al.Solids Flux of Pulverized Coal of High-pressure and Dense-phase Pneumatic Conveying and ANN Simulation[J].CIESC Jorunal,2013,64(5):1607-1613.
[14]DUAN Lunbo,SUN Haicheng,ZHAO Changsui,et al.Coal Combustion Characteristics on an Oxy-fuel Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor with Warm Flue Gas Recycle[J].Fuel,2014,127:47-51.
[15]SINGH R I,BRINK A,HUPA M.CFD Modeling to Study Fluidized Bed Combustion and Gasification[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2013,52(2):585-614.
[16]刘雨廷,何榕.包含反应阶数变化的分形煤焦颗粒燃烧模型的建立与实验验证[J].化工学报,2016,67(1):339-348.LIU Yuting,HE Rong.Development and Experimental Validation of Fractal Char Particle Combustion Model with Effect of Various Reaction Order[J].CIESC Jorunal,2016,67(1):339-348.
[17]WANG Min,LI Zhongsheng,HUANG Wenbiao,et al.Coal Pyrolysis Characteristics by TG-MS and Its Late Gas Generation Potential[J].Fuel,2015,156:243-253.
[18]HAYASHI J I,TAKAHASHI H,DOI S,et al.Reactions in Brown Coal Pyrolysis Responsible for Heating Rate Effect on Tar Yield[J].Energy and Fuels,2000,14(2):400-408.
[19]ZHAO Gangwei,YU Weiqi,XIAO Yunhan.Study on Brown Coal Pyrolysis and Catalytic Pyrolysis[J].Advanced Materials Research,2011,236/237/238:660-663.
[20]郭永成,王春波,李新号.基于工业分析的恒温下煤粉燃尽特性预测模型[J].动力工程学报,2017,37(3):192-198.GUO Yongcheng,WANG Chunbo,LI Xinhao.Prediction Model for Burnout Characteristics of Pulverized Coal at Constant Temperature Based on Proximate Analysis[J].Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2017,37(3):192-198.
[21]郭卫杰.U-GAS气化炉飞灰理化性质及造粒性能研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2015.GUO Weijie.Study on Physicochemical Properties and Granulation Properties of Fly Ash in U-GAS Gasifier[D].Jiaozuo:He’nan Polytechnic University,2015.
[2]MURAKAMI K,SATO M,TSUBOUCHI N,et al.Steam Gasification of Indonesian Subbituminous Coal with Calcium Carbonate as a Catalyst Raw Material[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2015,129:91-97.
[3]GRBNER M,MEYER B.Performance and Exergy Analysis of the Current Developments in Coal Gasification Technology[J].Fuel,2014,116(1):910-920.
[4]程相龙,李克忠,张荣,等.流化床中灰分对煤焦和生物质焦混合特性影响[J].煤炭转化,2010,33(3):76-81.CHENG Xianglong,LI Kezhong,ZHANG Rong,et al.Effect of Coal Ash on the Mixing of Coal Char and Pine Char in Gassolids Fluidized Beds[J].Coal Conversion,2010,33(3):76-81.
[5]郭晋菊,程相龙,樊崇,等.气化剂量对粉煤流化床工业过程炉温炉压的影响[J].煤炭转化,2013,36(3):14-18.GUO Jinju,CHENG Xianglong,FAN Chong,et al.Effect on Temperature and Pressure of Gasifying Agent Quantity in the Gasifying Pilot of Powdered Coal[J].Coal Conversion,2013,36(3):14-18.
[6]WATANABE H,OTAKA M.Numerical Simulation of Coal Gasification in Entrained Flow Coal Gasifier[J].Fuel,2006,85(12/13):1935-1943.
[7]陈斌,屈科利.U-GAS气化炉安装方法:CN104018679A[P].2014-09-03.CHEN Bin,QU Keli.U-GAS Gasification Furnace Installing Method:CN104018679A[P].2014-09-03.
[8]景旭亮,王志青,张乾,等.流化床气化炉半焦细粉的燃烧特性及其动力学研究[J].燃料化学学报,2014,42(1):13-19.JING Xuliang,WANG Zhiqing,ZHANG Qian,et al.Combustion Property and Kinetics of Fine Chars Derived from Fluidized Bed Gasifier[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2014,42(1):13-19.
[9]李风海,李振珠,黄戒介,等.神木煤流化床气化带出细粉的特性[J].燃料化学学报,2015,42(10):1153-1159.LI Fenghai,LI Zhenzhu,HUANG Jiejie,et al.Characteristics of Fine Chars from Fluidized Bed Gasification of Shenmu Coal[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2015,42(10):1153-1159.
[10]PADBAN N,ODENBRAND I.Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fly Ash from Pressurized Fluidized Bed Gasification of Fuel Blends:a Discussion of the Contribution of Textile to PAHs[J].Energy and Fuels,1999,13(5):1067-1073.
[11]杨鑫,黄戒介,房倚天,等.无烟流化床气化飞灰的结渣特性[J].燃料化学学报,2013,41(1):1-8.YANG Xin,HUANG Jiejie,FANG Yitian,et al.Slagging Characteristics of Fly Ash from Anthracite Gasification in Fluidized Bed[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2013,41(1):1-8.
[12]GOEL A,MITTAL A,MALLICK S S,et al.Experimental Investigation into Transient Pressure Pulses During Pneumatic Conveying of Fine Powders Using Shannon Entropy[J].Particuology,2016,29(6):143-153.
[13]鹿鹏,韩东,蒲文灏,等.高压密相气力输送煤粉输送速率通量及神经网络模拟[J].化工学报,2013,64(5):1607-1613.LU Peng,HAN Dong,PU Wenhao,et al.Solids Flux of Pulverized Coal of High-pressure and Dense-phase Pneumatic Conveying and ANN Simulation[J].CIESC Jorunal,2013,64(5):1607-1613.
[14]DUAN Lunbo,SUN Haicheng,ZHAO Changsui,et al.Coal Combustion Characteristics on an Oxy-fuel Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor with Warm Flue Gas Recycle[J].Fuel,2014,127:47-51.
[15]SINGH R I,BRINK A,HUPA M.CFD Modeling to Study Fluidized Bed Combustion and Gasification[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2013,52(2):585-614.
[16]刘雨廷,何榕.包含反应阶数变化的分形煤焦颗粒燃烧模型的建立与实验验证[J].化工学报,2016,67(1):339-348.LIU Yuting,HE Rong.Development and Experimental Validation of Fractal Char Particle Combustion Model with Effect of Various Reaction Order[J].CIESC Jorunal,2016,67(1):339-348.
[17]WANG Min,LI Zhongsheng,HUANG Wenbiao,et al.Coal Pyrolysis Characteristics by TG-MS and Its Late Gas Generation Potential[J].Fuel,2015,156:243-253.
[18]HAYASHI J I,TAKAHASHI H,DOI S,et al.Reactions in Brown Coal Pyrolysis Responsible for Heating Rate Effect on Tar Yield[J].Energy and Fuels,2000,14(2):400-408.
[19]ZHAO Gangwei,YU Weiqi,XIAO Yunhan.Study on Brown Coal Pyrolysis and Catalytic Pyrolysis[J].Advanced Materials Research,2011,236/237/238:660-663.
[20]郭永成,王春波,李新号.基于工业分析的恒温下煤粉燃尽特性预测模型[J].动力工程学报,2017,37(3):192-198.GUO Yongcheng,WANG Chunbo,LI Xinhao.Prediction Model for Burnout Characteristics of Pulverized Coal at Constant Temperature Based on Proximate Analysis[J].Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2017,37(3):192-198.
[21]郭卫杰.U-GAS气化炉飞灰理化性质及造粒性能研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2015.GUO Weijie.Study on Physicochemical Properties and Granulation Properties of Fly Ash in U-GAS Gasifier[D].Jiaozuo:He’nan Polytechnic University,2015.
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