父母教养方式、同伴关系、社区暴力接触对青少年道德认同的影响
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摘要
环境因素对青少年道德认同产生较大的影响,对4000多名中学生的调查发现,青少年道德认同的水平整体较高,其中,内在化道德认同最高,外在化道德认同次之,负向道德认同最低。父母情感温暖型家庭教养方式对青少年的道德认同具有影响;同伴关系中的孤独感变量能负向预测青少年的道德认同,而追求受欢迎变量既能正向预测青少年的外在化道德认同,又能正向预测其负向道德认同;社区暴力接触一方面对青少年的内在化道德认同产生正向效应,另一方面则对青少年的外在化和负向道德认同产生负向效应。
In order to examine the basic status of adolescents' moral identity, and to verify the influence of parenting pattern, peer relationships and exposure to community violence on adolescents' moral identity, this paper conducted an empirical study on more than 4,000 middle school students. The results show that the overall level of adolescents' moral identity is higher, thereinto, the internalization of morality is the highest, followed by the externalization of morality, and the lowest is of negative morality. The results of regression analysis showed that parental emotional warm-type family rearing patterns had an impact on adolescent moral identity. Loneliness variables in peer relationships could negatively predict adolescent moral identity, and the pursuit of popularity variables could positively predict both teenagers' external and negative moral identity. On the one hand, exposure to community violence has a positive effect on adolescent's internalization of moral identity, on the other hand, it has a negative effect on the external and negative moral identity of adolescents to the effect.
In order to examine the basic status of adolescents' moral identity, and to verify the influence of parenting pattern, peer relationships and exposure to community violence on adolescents' moral identity, this paper conducted an empirical study on more than 4,000 middle school students. The results show that the overall level of adolescents' moral identity is higher, thereinto, the internalization of morality is the highest, followed by the externalization of morality, and the lowest is of negative morality. The results of regression analysis showed that parental emotional warm-type family rearing patterns had an impact on adolescent moral identity. Loneliness variables in peer relationships could negatively predict adolescent moral identity, and the pursuit of popularity variables could positively predict both teenagers' external and negative moral identity. On the one hand, exposure to community violence has a positive effect on adolescent's internalization of moral identity, on the other hand, it has a negative effect on the external and negative moral identity of adolescents to the effect.
引文
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[22]Barroso,C.S.,et al.Youth exposure to community violence:Association with aggression victimization,and risk behaviors[J].Journal of Aggression,2008(02):141-155.
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[25]李彩娜、邹泓.青少年孤独感的特点及其与人格、家庭功能的关系[J].心理学研究,2006(01):115-121.
[26]张镇、郭博达.社会网络视角下的同伴关系与心理健康[J].心理科学进展,2016(04):591-602.
[27]马向真.自我一致性与青少年道德人格的发展[J].东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(06):20-23.
[28]Anderson,C.A.,&Bushman,B.J.Human aggression[J].Annual Review of Psychology,2006(01):27-51.
[29]Grant,A.M.,et al.The performer’s reactions to procedural injustice:When prosocial identity reduces prosocial behavior[J].Journal of applied social psychology,2009(02):319-349.
[2]Blasi,A.The development of identity:Some implications for moral functioning[M].Massachusetts:MIT Press,1993:99-122.
[3]Aquino,K.F.,&Reed,A.The self-importance of moral identity[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,2002(06):1423-1440.
[5]Hart,D.Adding identity to the moral domain[J].Human Development,2005(04):257-261.
[6]Matsuba,M.K.,&Walker,L.J.Young adult moral exemplars:The making of self through stories[J].Journal of Research on Adolescence,2005(03):275-297.
[7][13]Arsenio,F.A.,et al.Adolescents’perceptions of institutional fairness:Relations with moral reasoning,emotions,and behavior[J].New Directions for Youth Development,2012(136):96-109.
[8]Rothschild,Z.K.,&Keefer,L.A.A cleansing fire Moral outrage alleviates guilt and buffers threats to one’s moral identity[J].Motivation and Emotion,2017(02):209-229.
[9]Patrick,R.B.,&Gibbs,J.C.Maternal acceptance:Its contribution to children’s favorable perceptions of discipline and moral identity[J].The Journal of genetic psychology,2016(03):73-84.
[10]万增奎.道德同一性及其建构[J].外国教育研究,2009(12):80-85.
[11]Colby,A.,&Damon,W.Some do care:Contemporary lives of moral commitment[M].New York:Free Press.1992:4-25.
[12]Bucher,A.A.The influence of models in forming moral identity[J].Moral Education and Character Development,1998(07):619-627.
[14]曾晓强.国外道德认同研究进展[J].心理研究,2011(04):20-25.
[15]Lapsley,D.K.Moral self-identity as the aim of education[M].New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,2008:1-12.
[16]Hart,D.,Atkins,R.,&Ford,D.Urban America as a context for the development of moral identity in adolescence[J].Journal of Social Issues,1998(03):513-530.
[17]Cicchetti,D.,&Lynch,M.Toward an ecological-transactional model of community violence and child maltreatment:consequences for children's development[J].Psychiatry,1993(01):96-118
[18]Reed,A.,Aquino,K.F.,&Levy,E.Moral identity and judgements of charitable Behaviors[J].Journal of Marketing,2007(01):178-193.
[19]蒋奖等.简氏父母教养方式问卷中文版的初步修订[J].心理发展与教育,2010(01):94-99.
[20]Cassidy,J.,&Asher,S.R.Loneliness and peer relations in young children[J].Child Development,1992(06):350-365.
[21]Santor,D.A.,et al.Measuring peer pressure,popularity,and conformity in adolescent boys and girls predicting school performance,sexual attitudes,and substance abuse[J].Journal of Youth and Adolescent,2000(02):163-182.
[22]Barroso,C.S.,et al.Youth exposure to community violence:Association with aggression victimization,and risk behaviors[J].Journal of Aggression,2008(02):141-155.
[23][24]陈陈.家庭教养方式研究进程透视[J].南京师范大学学报,2002(06):96-102.
[25]李彩娜、邹泓.青少年孤独感的特点及其与人格、家庭功能的关系[J].心理学研究,2006(01):115-121.
[26]张镇、郭博达.社会网络视角下的同伴关系与心理健康[J].心理科学进展,2016(04):591-602.
[27]马向真.自我一致性与青少年道德人格的发展[J].东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(06):20-23.
[28]Anderson,C.A.,&Bushman,B.J.Human aggression[J].Annual Review of Psychology,2006(01):27-51.
[29]Grant,A.M.,et al.The performer’s reactions to procedural injustice:When prosocial identity reduces prosocial behavior[J].Journal of applied social psychology,2009(02):319-349.