山东古代人群头骨上蛛网膜颗粒压迹的观察与探讨
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摘要
蛛网膜颗粒是由蛛网膜绒毛成组聚集在一起而形成的,有时会在颅骨内板上形成局限性压迹,当颗粒较大时会造成颅内局部骨质吸收,形成溶蚀状小坑。在以往的病理观察中,蛛网膜颗粒压迹多不作为观察统计对象,然其溶蚀状的形态却容易被误认为是某些病理性改变。本文通过对济南大辛庄、刘家庄、曲阜奥体中心等六个遗址出土的114例人骨标本的观察发现:1)蛛网膜颗粒压迹从古至今均表现出较高的发生率且两性间不存在明显差异。2)蛛网膜颗粒压迹的最大径平均值大致在1-6mm之间,个体间存在较大差异,但总体上呈现出随年龄增长而增大的现象。3)蛛网膜颗粒压迹的出现位置最常见于顶骨和额骨,枕骨部位相对少见,但不同年龄组间的出现位置可能存在一定差异。此外,蛛网膜颗粒在颅内形成的溶蚀状小坑易与一些以骨质侵蚀为特征的疾病相混淆,如颅内感染、颅骨板障表皮样囊肿、嗜酸性肉芽肿、脑膜瘤等,需注意对其特征加以辨别。
Arachnoid granulations,which are formed by arachnoid villus,can cause localized surface impressions in skeletal material,specifically dissolution-like small pits that are often misidentified as pathological lesions.In this paper,114 human skeletal specimens unearthed from six sites,including Ji'nan Da Xinzhuang,Liu Jiazhuang and Qufu Olympic Sports Center were examined.The results of this research are as follows.1) There is a high incidence of arachnoid granulation pits from ancient times to the present with no obvious difference between the sexes.2) The maximum mean diameter of arachnoid membrane depressions is roughly 1-6 mm with a significant difference between individuals increasing with age.3) Locations of Pacchionian pits are most common in the parietal and frontal bones,with rare frequency in the occipital.Locations may differ between age groups.In conclusion,these dissolution-like small pits formed by arachnoid granulations,are easily confused with diseases characterized by bone erosion,such as intracranial infection,diploe of skull epidermoid cyst,eosinophilic granuloma and meningioma,and therefore osteologists should pay attention to their characteristics.
Arachnoid granulations,which are formed by arachnoid villus,can cause localized surface impressions in skeletal material,specifically dissolution-like small pits that are often misidentified as pathological lesions.In this paper,114 human skeletal specimens unearthed from six sites,including Ji'nan Da Xinzhuang,Liu Jiazhuang and Qufu Olympic Sports Center were examined.The results of this research are as follows.1) There is a high incidence of arachnoid granulation pits from ancient times to the present with no obvious difference between the sexes.2) The maximum mean diameter of arachnoid membrane depressions is roughly 1-6 mm with a significant difference between individuals increasing with age.3) Locations of Pacchionian pits are most common in the parietal and frontal bones,with rare frequency in the occipital.Locations may differ between age groups.In conclusion,these dissolution-like small pits formed by arachnoid granulations,are easily confused with diseases characterized by bone erosion,such as intracranial infection,diploe of skull epidermoid cyst,eosinophilic granuloma and meningioma,and therefore osteologists should pay attention to their characteristics.
引文
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[7]李彬祥.蛛网膜颗粒的解剖和X线的研究[J].山西医科大学学报,1978,24(1):40-41
[8]Mann RW,Hunt DR.Photographic Regional Atlas of Bone Disease[W].Charles C Thomas Publisher,2012,34-38
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[10]Mafee MF,Jr WGB,Almutairi A,et al.Arachnoid granulations and spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea:Role of imaging[J].Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology,2014,25(1):74-86
[11]Emon ST,Orakdogen M,Akpinar E,et al.Arachnoid granulations:a rare cause of lytic occipital bone lesion[J].Neurologia Neurochirurgia Polska,2012,46(6):603-606
[12]Leach JL,Meyer K,Jones BV,et al.Large arachnoid granulations involving the dorsal superior sagittal sinus:findings on MRimaging and MR venography[J].Ajur American journal of neuroradiology,2008,29(7):1335-1339
[13]梁靖,高航,李传良.大蛛网膜颗粒的MRI及CT诊断[J].医学信息旬刊,2014,24(8):3811-3812
[14]Okamoto K,Ito J,Tokiguchi S,et al.Arachnoid granulations of the posterior fossa:CT and MR finding[J].Clinical Imaging,1997,21(1):1-5
[15]Clark LG.On the pacchionian bodies[J].Journal of anatomy,1920,55(1):40-48
[16]Fox RJ,Walji AH,Mielke B,et al.Anatomic details of intradural channels in the parasagittal dura:A possible pathway for flow of cerebrospinal fluid[J].Neurosurgery,1996,39(1):84-91
[17]蒋尚武.济南刘家庄遗址商周时期居民人口与疾病状况研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2016
[18]济南市考古研究所.济南市刘家庄遗址商代墓葬发掘报告[J].海岱考古,2018:243-334
[19]济南市考古研究所,章丘市博物馆,山东省文物考古研究所.山东章丘马安遗址的发掘[J].东方考古(第5集),2009:372-464
[20]张馨月,赵永生.广饶县十村遗址出土人骨鉴定报告[J].海岱考古,2016:145-153
[21]山东省文物考古研究所,东营市历史博物馆.广饶县十村遗址发掘报告[J].海岱考古,2016:49-136
[22]Basmajian JV.The depressions for the arachnoid granulations as a criterion of age[J].Anatomical Record,1952,112(4):843-846
[23]朱建国,徐晓琳.枕骨蛛网膜颗粒压迹的CT诊断[J].影像诊断与放射学,2004,13(2):84-8
[24]文华,李黎明,李武铭,等.颅骨板障表皮样囊肿的影像诊断[J].中国CT和MRI杂志,2014,12(5):28-30
[25]傅筱敏,韩本谊.颅骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的CT和MRI诊断[J].临床放射学杂志,2007,26(3):248-250
[26]陈星荣,沈天真,耿道颖,等.脑膜瘤[J].中国医学计算机成像杂志,2003,9(3):147-190
[27]Bikmaz K,Mrak R,Al-Mefty O.Management of bone-invasive,hyperostotic sphenoid wing meningiomas[J].Journal of Neurosurgery,2007,107(5):905-912
[28]牛树江.侵蚀性脑膜瘤的临床特点与外科治疗[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2011
[2]Pereda-Rodríguez J,González-Llorente J,Pérez-Tapia L,et al.Arachnoid Granulations as Cause of Tegmen Tympani Defects[J].Acta Otorrinolaringologica,2014,65(1):61-63
[3]Grossman CB,Potts DG.Arachnoid granulations:radiology and anatomy[J].Radiology,1974,113(1):95-100
[4]朱靓,郑汉朋,王旭荣,等.易误诊为骨质破坏的枕骨蛛网膜颗粒压迹的CT表现[J].现代医用影像学,2015,24(6):892-895
[5]李卫星.枕骨蛛网膜颗粒压迹的CT表现及临床价值[J].中国医药导报,2006,3(3):74
[6]韩慧敏,王清涛.颅骨蛛网膜颗粒压迹的MRI表现[J].临床军医杂志,2010,38(5):810-812
[7]李彬祥.蛛网膜颗粒的解剖和X线的研究[J].山西医科大学学报,1978,24(1):40-41
[8]Mann RW,Hunt DR.Photographic Regional Atlas of Bone Disease[W].Charles C Thomas Publisher,2012,34-38
[9]Chan WC,Lai V,Wong YC,et al.Focal brain herniation into giant arachnoid granulation:A rare occurrence[J].European journal of radiology extra,2011,78(2):e111-e113
[10]Mafee MF,Jr WGB,Almutairi A,et al.Arachnoid granulations and spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea:Role of imaging[J].Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology,2014,25(1):74-86
[11]Emon ST,Orakdogen M,Akpinar E,et al.Arachnoid granulations:a rare cause of lytic occipital bone lesion[J].Neurologia Neurochirurgia Polska,2012,46(6):603-606
[12]Leach JL,Meyer K,Jones BV,et al.Large arachnoid granulations involving the dorsal superior sagittal sinus:findings on MRimaging and MR venography[J].Ajur American journal of neuroradiology,2008,29(7):1335-1339
[13]梁靖,高航,李传良.大蛛网膜颗粒的MRI及CT诊断[J].医学信息旬刊,2014,24(8):3811-3812
[14]Okamoto K,Ito J,Tokiguchi S,et al.Arachnoid granulations of the posterior fossa:CT and MR finding[J].Clinical Imaging,1997,21(1):1-5
[15]Clark LG.On the pacchionian bodies[J].Journal of anatomy,1920,55(1):40-48
[16]Fox RJ,Walji AH,Mielke B,et al.Anatomic details of intradural channels in the parasagittal dura:A possible pathway for flow of cerebrospinal fluid[J].Neurosurgery,1996,39(1):84-91
[17]蒋尚武.济南刘家庄遗址商周时期居民人口与疾病状况研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2016
[18]济南市考古研究所.济南市刘家庄遗址商代墓葬发掘报告[J].海岱考古,2018:243-334
[19]济南市考古研究所,章丘市博物馆,山东省文物考古研究所.山东章丘马安遗址的发掘[J].东方考古(第5集),2009:372-464
[20]张馨月,赵永生.广饶县十村遗址出土人骨鉴定报告[J].海岱考古,2016:145-153
[21]山东省文物考古研究所,东营市历史博物馆.广饶县十村遗址发掘报告[J].海岱考古,2016:49-136
[22]Basmajian JV.The depressions for the arachnoid granulations as a criterion of age[J].Anatomical Record,1952,112(4):843-846
[23]朱建国,徐晓琳.枕骨蛛网膜颗粒压迹的CT诊断[J].影像诊断与放射学,2004,13(2):84-8
[24]文华,李黎明,李武铭,等.颅骨板障表皮样囊肿的影像诊断[J].中国CT和MRI杂志,2014,12(5):28-30
[25]傅筱敏,韩本谊.颅骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的CT和MRI诊断[J].临床放射学杂志,2007,26(3):248-250
[26]陈星荣,沈天真,耿道颖,等.脑膜瘤[J].中国医学计算机成像杂志,2003,9(3):147-190
[27]Bikmaz K,Mrak R,Al-Mefty O.Management of bone-invasive,hyperostotic sphenoid wing meningiomas[J].Journal of Neurosurgery,2007,107(5):905-912
[28]牛树江.侵蚀性脑膜瘤的临床特点与外科治疗[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2011
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