山东平阴孙光祀家族墓考古勘探报告
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摘要
孙光祀,明末清初人,官至兵部右侍郎,赠光禄大夫。孙光祀家族墓位于山东平阴孙官庄村东的山前坡地上,是一处始建于清代早期的墓园,并持续沿用至今。为配合平阴县文物管理所对孙光祀家族墓进行维修保护,2017年2月至3月,济南市考古研究所组织工作人员对其进行了全面勘探和试掘。本次勘探、试掘,共清理出墓园门、石牌坊、石像生、龟趺、神道碑、围墙等遗迹共19处,初步揭示出这是一处结构完整、布局明确的清代早期墓园,为了解山东西部地区同时期高等级墓园的布局结构提供了翔实可靠的考古学依据,为研究清代早期的丧葬礼制提供了实证材料。本文还结合相关文献对墓园的性质等进行了初步考证。
Sun Guangsi who lived in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, was entitled as senior official at his time. His family cemetery located on a slight slope in front of a hill in the east of Sunguanzhuang Village of Pingyin City of Shandong Province was built from the early Qing Dynasty and is still in use today. From February to March 2017, in the joint action to repair and protect the family cemetery with Pingyin County Cultural Relics Management Institute, the Archaeology Institute of Jinan City surveyed the cemetery thoroughly and started the preliminarily exploration. A total of 19 relics such as the cemetery gate, stone archway, stone statue, stone turtle, tomb inscriptions and wall were cleaned up during this exploration, which reveals that the tomb is a well-structured and well-defined early Qing Dynasty cemetery provides reliable archaeological basis to better understand the layout structure of highgrade cemeteries in the western part of Shandong Province. Furthermore, the exploration can provide an informative reference for the study of funeral ceremony in the early Qing Dynasty. This report also uses relevant documents to make a preliminary research on the nature of the cemetery.
Sun Guangsi who lived in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, was entitled as senior official at his time. His family cemetery located on a slight slope in front of a hill in the east of Sunguanzhuang Village of Pingyin City of Shandong Province was built from the early Qing Dynasty and is still in use today. From February to March 2017, in the joint action to repair and protect the family cemetery with Pingyin County Cultural Relics Management Institute, the Archaeology Institute of Jinan City surveyed the cemetery thoroughly and started the preliminarily exploration. A total of 19 relics such as the cemetery gate, stone archway, stone statue, stone turtle, tomb inscriptions and wall were cleaned up during this exploration, which reveals that the tomb is a well-structured and well-defined early Qing Dynasty cemetery provides reliable archaeological basis to better understand the layout structure of highgrade cemeteries in the western part of Shandong Province. Furthermore, the exploration can provide an informative reference for the study of funeral ceremony in the early Qing Dynasty. This report also uses relevant documents to make a preliminary research on the nature of the cemetery.
引文
[1]《孙光祀集》辑录孙光祀撰《创修族谱序》,《孙光祀集》,魏伯河点校,齐鲁出版社,2014年,第460页。孙氏族谱康熙年间开始编撰,存世的有光绪年间修撰的《孙氏家乘》、民国二十九年修订的《孙氏族谱》。2013年山东平阴孙氏族谱第六次续修委员会再次编撰续修《孙氏族谱》。
[2]《历城县志》有《孙光祀传》,见《历城县志正续合编》卷三八,张华松等点校,济南出版社,2007年,第776页。《历城县志正续合编》系乾隆《历城县志》和民国《续修历城县志》的合编,《孙光祀传》见于乾隆《历城县志》,主要记录了孙光祀及其子嗣的仕途变迁。《孙光祀集》收录孙光祀撰《胆余轩集》,并增录了孙光祀其他佚文、孙光祀及其亲属的碑传文献、魏伯河近年来对孙氏家族的相关研究。《平阴县志》,本文使用版本为《中国地方志集成·山东府县志辑》所收嘉庆《平阴县志》及光绪《平阴县志》,凤凰出版社,2004年。嘉庆《平阴县志》据清嘉庆十三年刻本影印,(清)喻春林修,(清)朱续孜纂;光绪《平阴县志》,据清光绪二十一年刻本影印,(清)李敬修纂修。
[3]熊赐履:《孙象明先生神道碑》,《孙光祀集》,齐鲁出版社,2014年,第386页。
[4]光绪《平阴县志》,《中国地方志集成·山东府县志辑》,凤凰出版社,2004年,第396页。
[5]嘉庆《平阴县志》,《中国地方志集成·山东府县志辑》,凤凰出版社,2004年,第220页。
[6]孙光祀:《先兄接甫墓志铭》,《孙光祀集》,齐鲁出版社,2014年,第183页。
[7]魏伯河:《孙光祀家世考略》,《孙光祀集》,齐鲁出版社,2014年,第396页
[8]同[5],第233页。
[9]《孙光祀集·附录》,齐鲁出版社,2014年,第431页。
[10]《孙光祀传》,转引自《孙光祀集》,齐鲁出版社,2014年,第376页。
[11]《清史稿》卷九三,中华书局,1977年,第2723页。
[12]同[10],第377页。
[13]汪灏:《孙公怍庭墓志铭》,《孙光祀集》,齐鲁出版社,2014年,第372页。
[14]郑铎:《江苏常州钱一本墓园考古发掘与初步研究》,《东南文化》2013年第3期。
[15]李钊等:《海南省海口市丘濬墓园遗址2007年度考古发掘简报》,《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2015年第10期。
[2]《历城县志》有《孙光祀传》,见《历城县志正续合编》卷三八,张华松等点校,济南出版社,2007年,第776页。《历城县志正续合编》系乾隆《历城县志》和民国《续修历城县志》的合编,《孙光祀传》见于乾隆《历城县志》,主要记录了孙光祀及其子嗣的仕途变迁。《孙光祀集》收录孙光祀撰《胆余轩集》,并增录了孙光祀其他佚文、孙光祀及其亲属的碑传文献、魏伯河近年来对孙氏家族的相关研究。《平阴县志》,本文使用版本为《中国地方志集成·山东府县志辑》所收嘉庆《平阴县志》及光绪《平阴县志》,凤凰出版社,2004年。嘉庆《平阴县志》据清嘉庆十三年刻本影印,(清)喻春林修,(清)朱续孜纂;光绪《平阴县志》,据清光绪二十一年刻本影印,(清)李敬修纂修。
[3]熊赐履:《孙象明先生神道碑》,《孙光祀集》,齐鲁出版社,2014年,第386页。
[4]光绪《平阴县志》,《中国地方志集成·山东府县志辑》,凤凰出版社,2004年,第396页。
[5]嘉庆《平阴县志》,《中国地方志集成·山东府县志辑》,凤凰出版社,2004年,第220页。
[6]孙光祀:《先兄接甫墓志铭》,《孙光祀集》,齐鲁出版社,2014年,第183页。
[7]魏伯河:《孙光祀家世考略》,《孙光祀集》,齐鲁出版社,2014年,第396页
[8]同[5],第233页。
[9]《孙光祀集·附录》,齐鲁出版社,2014年,第431页。
[10]《孙光祀传》,转引自《孙光祀集》,齐鲁出版社,2014年,第376页。
[11]《清史稿》卷九三,中华书局,1977年,第2723页。
[12]同[10],第377页。
[13]汪灏:《孙公怍庭墓志铭》,《孙光祀集》,齐鲁出版社,2014年,第372页。
[14]郑铎:《江苏常州钱一本墓园考古发掘与初步研究》,《东南文化》2013年第3期。
[15]李钊等:《海南省海口市丘濬墓园遗址2007年度考古发掘简报》,《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2015年第10期。
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