乌丹蒿花粉形态二型性特征的观察
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摘要
以内蒙古特有乡土沙生植物乌丹蒿(Artemisia wudanica)为研究对象,采用扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscopy,SEM)技术,对其花粉形态进行了详细的观察描述,探索其花粉形态的二型性特点,完善其花粉形态细微特征。结果表明:乌丹蒿花粉粒有长球形和圆球形之分,花粉形态存在明显的二型性特征。长球形花粉赤道面观为椭圆形,极面观为三裂片圆形;大小平均为:23.28μm×13.73μm;萌发器官为3孔沟类型;表面纹饰为刺状-颗粒状复合纹饰。圆球形花粉赤道面为圆球形;极面为三裂圆形;萌发器官也是3孔沟类型;大小平均为:14.85μm×13.80μm;表面纹饰亦为刺状-颗粒状复合纹饰。除花粉粒的大小、极轴与赤道轴的比值(Polar axis/Equatorial axis,P/E)不同外,两种类型的花粉总体形态特征基本一致;细微性状主要差异表现在表面纹饰中刺的大小及刺与颗粒的排列密度等方面。
The pollen morphological characteristics of Artemisia wudanica were observed and described in details by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)technique to explore the dimorphic characteristics of the pollens and improve the fine characteristics of pollen morphology.The results showed that there were two shapes of the pollens:the long spherical shape and the spherical shape,and the pollen morphology had obvious dimorphic characteristics.The pollens with long spherical shape were oval in the equatorial view and three-lobed circular in the polar view;the germination organ was a three-hole groove type;The size was 23.28μm×13.73μm in average;The pollen surface had a thorny-granular composite ornamentation.The pollens with spherical shape were spherical in the equatorial view and tri-split circular in the polar view;The germination organ was also a three-hole groove type;the size was 14.85μm×13.80μm in average;The pollen surface had a thorny-granular composite ornamentation.Except for pollen size,polar axis/equatorial axis ratios(P/E),the overall morphological characteristics of long spherical pollen and spherical pollen were basically the same,and the main difference was in subtle characteristics,such as thorny size,and the density of thorny and granular.
The pollen morphological characteristics of Artemisia wudanica were observed and described in details by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)technique to explore the dimorphic characteristics of the pollens and improve the fine characteristics of pollen morphology.The results showed that there were two shapes of the pollens:the long spherical shape and the spherical shape,and the pollen morphology had obvious dimorphic characteristics.The pollens with long spherical shape were oval in the equatorial view and three-lobed circular in the polar view;the germination organ was a three-hole groove type;The size was 23.28μm×13.73μm in average;The pollen surface had a thorny-granular composite ornamentation.The pollens with spherical shape were spherical in the equatorial view and tri-split circular in the polar view;The germination organ was also a three-hole groove type;the size was 14.85μm×13.80μm in average;The pollen surface had a thorny-granular composite ornamentation.Except for pollen size,polar axis/equatorial axis ratios(P/E),the overall morphological characteristics of long spherical pollen and spherical pollen were basically the same,and the main difference was in subtle characteristics,such as thorny size,and the density of thorny and granular.
引文
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[14]蔡萍,黄旌,等.内蒙古不同生境冷蒿居群叶片解剖形态及花粉形态研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2007,28(4):89-92
[15]宋之琛,欧阳舒,张春彬,等.孢子花粉分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1965:39-48
[16]张金谈,王萍莉,郝海平,等.现代花粉应用研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1990:26-51
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[20]梁汉兴.五指莲二型花粉在体内的形成和发育[J].植物学报,1985:27(5):465-468
[21]孙敬三,朱至清,等.黑麦(Secale cereale L.)花药培养及其雄核发育[J].植物学报,1978,20:210-214
[22]宛涛,卫智军,杨静,等.内蒙古草地现代植物花粉形态[M].北京,中国农业出版社,1999:83-105
[23]宛涛,孙启忠,蔡萍,等.冷蒿正种与其变种的花粉形态观察[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(1):41-44
[24]李懋学.芍药花粉的二型性和雄核在体内的发育[J].植物学报,1982:24(1):17-20
[25]宛涛.冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)有性繁殖生物学特性研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011:61-62
[2]内蒙古植物志编辑委员会.内蒙古植物志[M].第2版.呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1993:476-641
[3]靳紫宸,叶震寰.固沙的先锋植物-乌丹蒿[J].吉林林业利技,1989,3:11-13
[4]李雪华,刘志民,蒋德明,等.七种蒿属植物种子重量形状及萌发特性的比较研究[J].生态学杂志,2004(05):57-60
[5]刘志民,李雪华,李荣平,等.科尔沁沙地70种植物繁殖体形状比较研究[J].草业学报,2003(05):55-61
[6]李伟琼,王铁娟,高艳春,等.六种蒿属沙生植物叶、营养枝解剖特征的比较研究[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2009,40(06):690-693,753-754
[7]Yongcui Wang,Busso Carlos Alberto,Deming Jiang,et al.The role of sexual vs.asexual recruitment of Artemisia wudanicain transition zone habitats between inter-dune lowlands and active dunes in Inner Mongolia,China[J].Solid Earth,2016,7(2):621-629
[8]阿娜尔.两种蒿属沙生半灌木的SSR开发及遗传分化的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2018:41-46
[9]王铁娟,张颖娟.六种沙蒿花粉形态的比较研究[J].内蒙古师范大学学报,2006,35(1):83-88
[10]宋之琛.孢子花粉分析[M].北京,中国农业出版社,1965:39-47
[11]王开发,王宪曾.孢粉学概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1983:12-19
[12]宛涛,史雪松,伊卫东,等.阿拉善荒漠驼蹄瓣属7种植物花粉形态研究[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(8):1704-1708
[13]王伏雄,钱南芬,张玉龙,等.中国植物花粉形态[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,1997:3-5
[14]蔡萍,黄旌,等.内蒙古不同生境冷蒿居群叶片解剖形态及花粉形态研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2007,28(4):89-92
[15]宋之琛,欧阳舒,张春彬,等.孢子花粉分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1965:39-48
[16]张金谈,王萍莉,郝海平,等.现代花粉应用研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1990:26-51
[17]G.埃尔特曼.中国科学院植物研究所古植物研究室孢粉组译.孢粉学手册[M].北京,科学出版社,1978:69-71
[18]Street H.E.Tissue Culture and Plant Science[M].New York:Academic Press,1974:141-167
[19]Sunderland N.Proceedings of Symposium on Plant Tissue Culture[M].Peking:Science Press,1978:65-86
[20]梁汉兴.五指莲二型花粉在体内的形成和发育[J].植物学报,1985:27(5):465-468
[21]孙敬三,朱至清,等.黑麦(Secale cereale L.)花药培养及其雄核发育[J].植物学报,1978,20:210-214
[22]宛涛,卫智军,杨静,等.内蒙古草地现代植物花粉形态[M].北京,中国农业出版社,1999:83-105
[23]宛涛,孙启忠,蔡萍,等.冷蒿正种与其变种的花粉形态观察[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(1):41-44
[24]李懋学.芍药花粉的二型性和雄核在体内的发育[J].植物学报,1982:24(1):17-20
[25]宛涛.冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)有性繁殖生物学特性研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011:61-62
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