吉林蛟河阔叶红松林中甲虫(鞘翅目)群落时间动态分析
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摘要
【目的】研究阔叶红松林中甲虫的时间动态,为阔叶红松林中甲虫保护与利用以及评价甲虫在维持森林生态系统的作用提供科学依据。【方法】2012―2013年,在甲虫成虫整个活跃期,利用飞翔拦截诱捕器并配合诱剂在阔叶红松林4个样地中采集甲虫标本,每个样地分别布设6条样带。【结果】共采集甲虫7 776头,隶属于33科239种,其中以叩甲科、隐翅虫科、露尾甲科和天牛科物种和个体数量较多,不同采集时间优势类群各不相同,叩甲科是7个采集时间的优势类群,隐翅虫科是5月下旬和8月下旬的优势类群,露尾甲科是5月下旬和6月上旬的优势类群,天牛科是7月上旬至8月下旬的优势类群。叩甲科、隐翅虫科和露尾甲科个体数在5月下旬显著高于其他时间(P<0.05),天牛科在7月上旬数量最多。时间变化对甲虫多样性各指数存在显著影响,甲虫个体数高峰期在5月下旬,且显著高于其他时间(P<0.05);物种数、多样性指数、丰富度指数的高峰在7月上旬;均匀度指数的高峰在7月下旬。物种数与丰富度指数、物种数与多样性指数具有显著的线性关系(P<0.05),物种数的增加能够使丰富度指数和多样性指数升高。【结论】随着时间的变化森林内的温度和林分因子等也会随之改变,各类群甲虫的习性差异较大,使得甲虫个体数的高峰期出现在5月下旬,随着时间的推移,部分甲虫羽化高峰的结束,甲虫的个体数量又迅速下降。随着林内温度升高和植被变得丰富,使得7月上旬甲虫的个体数又出现1个小高峰期。相对于其他类群,叩甲科与6月、隐翅虫科和露尾甲科与5月下旬、天牛科与7月和8月表现出相对较强的相关性。应用飞翔拦截诱捕器比传统采集方法能够显著提高飞翔甲虫的采集效率,这不仅丰富了甲虫研究的采集方法,而且还有助于促进甲虫多样性的深入研究。
【Objective】Beetles(Coleoptera) are an important biotic component of forest ecosystems, and most of species have the ability to fly. In this study, the beetles were collected in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest by flying intercepted traps, and time dynamics of the beetles were analyzed objectively, which would provide a scientific basis for the protection and utilization of beetles in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest, and for the evaluation of the role of beetles in maintaining forest ecosystems.【Method】 The beetles specimen were collected at the whole adult active period by flying intercepted traps with controlled-release lures in 4 sample plots of a broad-leaved Korean pine forest from 2012 to 2013, and the 6 belt transect were set in each sample. 【Result】Totally 7 776 individuals of beetles were captured during the investigation, belonging to 33 families and 239 species. Among them, the number of species and individuals in the families of Elateridae, Staphylinidae, Nitidulidae, Cerambycidae were abundant. The dominant groups were different in different collecting time. Elateridae was the dominant group in all 7 collecting time; Staphylinidae was the dominant group in late May and late August. Nitidulidae was the dominant group in late May and early June, and Cerambycidae was the dominant group from early July to late August. The individual number of Elateridae, Staphylinidae and Nitidulidae in late May were significant more than that collected in the other time(P<0.05). The individual number of Cerambycidae was the most in early July. The seasonal change had a significant impact on the diversity index of beetles. The peak period of individual number of beetles was in late May, and it was significantly higher than that of other times(P<0.05). Species number, diversity index, and richness index all peaked in early July; the peak period of evenness index was in late July. The species number and richness index, and diversity index had a significant linear relationship(P<0.05). The increase of species number could lead to the growth of richness index and diversity index. 【Conclusion】The temperature and various stand factors in the forest would change in different seasons. The appearing peak of beetle numbers was in late May because of different habits of various groups of beetles. With the passage of time, individual number of beetles decreased rapidly after the end of the eclosion of some beetles. There was a small appearing peak of beetles in early July with the increase of forest temperature and the enrichment of vegetation conditions. The present research showed that there were relatively strong correlations between Elateridae and June, Staphylinidae, Nitidulidae and late May, Cerambycidae and July and August. The present investigation by using flying intercepted traps could greatly improve the efficiency of flying beetle collection, and it could not only enriched the collection method for beetle research, but also help further study on the diversity of beetles.
【Objective】Beetles(Coleoptera) are an important biotic component of forest ecosystems, and most of species have the ability to fly. In this study, the beetles were collected in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest by flying intercepted traps, and time dynamics of the beetles were analyzed objectively, which would provide a scientific basis for the protection and utilization of beetles in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest, and for the evaluation of the role of beetles in maintaining forest ecosystems.【Method】 The beetles specimen were collected at the whole adult active period by flying intercepted traps with controlled-release lures in 4 sample plots of a broad-leaved Korean pine forest from 2012 to 2013, and the 6 belt transect were set in each sample. 【Result】Totally 7 776 individuals of beetles were captured during the investigation, belonging to 33 families and 239 species. Among them, the number of species and individuals in the families of Elateridae, Staphylinidae, Nitidulidae, Cerambycidae were abundant. The dominant groups were different in different collecting time. Elateridae was the dominant group in all 7 collecting time; Staphylinidae was the dominant group in late May and late August. Nitidulidae was the dominant group in late May and early June, and Cerambycidae was the dominant group from early July to late August. The individual number of Elateridae, Staphylinidae and Nitidulidae in late May were significant more than that collected in the other time(P<0.05). The individual number of Cerambycidae was the most in early July. The seasonal change had a significant impact on the diversity index of beetles. The peak period of individual number of beetles was in late May, and it was significantly higher than that of other times(P<0.05). Species number, diversity index, and richness index all peaked in early July; the peak period of evenness index was in late July. The species number and richness index, and diversity index had a significant linear relationship(P<0.05). The increase of species number could lead to the growth of richness index and diversity index. 【Conclusion】The temperature and various stand factors in the forest would change in different seasons. The appearing peak of beetle numbers was in late May because of different habits of various groups of beetles. With the passage of time, individual number of beetles decreased rapidly after the end of the eclosion of some beetles. There was a small appearing peak of beetles in early July with the increase of forest temperature and the enrichment of vegetation conditions. The present research showed that there were relatively strong correlations between Elateridae and June, Staphylinidae, Nitidulidae and late May, Cerambycidae and July and August. The present investigation by using flying intercepted traps could greatly improve the efficiency of flying beetle collection, and it could not only enriched the collection method for beetle research, but also help further study on the diversity of beetles.
引文
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傅俊卿. 2009. 东北天然红松林资源现状与保护经营对策. 东北林业大学学报, 37(2):75-78.(Fu J Q. 2009. Current situation of natural Korean pine forests in northeast china and their management counter measures. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 37(2):75-78. [in Chinese])
高文韬, 孟庆繁, 郑兴波, 等. 2005. 长白山北坡访花天牛区系研究.应用昆虫学报, 42(6): 691-694.(Gao W T, Meng Q F, Zheng X B, et al. 2005. Fauna of flower-visiting longicorn beetles in north slope of Changbai Mountain.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 42(6): 691- 694. [in Chinese])
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贾玉珍, 赵秀海, 孟庆繁. 2009. 长白山针阔混交林不同演替阶段的昆虫多样性, 昆虫学报, 52(11):1236-1243.(Jia Y Z, Zhao X H, Meng Q F. 2009. Insect diversity a long a successional gradient in conifer and broad-leaved mixed forests in Changbai Mountain. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 52(11):1236-1243. [in Chinese])
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李路瑶, 孟庆繁, 李 燕, 等. 2015. 三种诱捕器对天牛科昆虫的诱集效率. 应用昆虫学报, 52(5): 1305-1311.(Li L Y, Meng Q F, Li Y, et al. 2015. Relative efficiency of three trap types for monitoring longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 52(5): 1305-1311. [in Chinese])
李路瑶, 孟庆繁, 李 燕, 等. 2016. 信息化合物诱芯对阔叶红松混交林中天牛科昆虫的诱集效果. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 40(4):113-118.(Li L Y, Meng Q F, Li Y, et al. 2016. Efficacy of semiochemical lures for trapping of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in broad-leaved Korean pine forest. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences Edition, 40(4):113-118. [in Chinese])
刘生冬, 高文韬, 李 燕, 等. 2015. 张广才岭南段不同林分天牛科昆虫物种多样性比较. 北京林业大学学报, 37(5): 110-118.(Liu S D, Gao W T, Li Y, et al. 2015. Comparative study of Cerambycidae species diversity in different forest stands of southern Zhangguangcai Mountains. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 37(5): 110-118. [in Chinese])
刘生冬, 孟庆繁, 高文韬, 等. 2016. 张广才岭南段阔叶红松林天牛科昆虫物种多样性与成虫出现期时间动态. 林业科学, 52(2): 74-81.(Liu S D, Meng Q F, Gao W T, et al. 2016. Cerambycidae species diversity and temporal dynamics of adults emergence in broad-leaved Korean pine forest of southern Zhangguangcai Mountains. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 52(2): 74-81. [in Chinese])
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娄巧哲, 徐养诚, 马吉宏, 等. 2011. 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘地表甲虫物种多样性及其与环境的关系. 生物多样性, 19(4):441-452.(Lou Q Z, Xu Y C, Ma J H, et al. 2011. Diversity of ground-dwelling beetles within the southern Gurbantunggut Desert and its relationship with environmental factors. Biodiversity Science, 19(4):441-452. [in Chinese])
罗 峰, 雷朝亮. 2003. 传粉甲虫的研究进展. 应用昆虫学报, 40(4): 313-317.(Luo F, Lei C L. 2003. Beetles as pollinators. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 40(4): 313-317. [in Chinese])
马克平, 刘玉明. 1994. 生物群落多样性的测量方法Ⅰ: α多样性的测量方法(下).生物多样性, 2(4):231-239.(Ma K P, Liu Y M. 1994. Measurement of biotic community diversity methods Ⅰ:α measurement of diversity methods(next). Chinese Biodiversity, 2(4): 231-239. [in Chinese])
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傅俊卿. 2009. 东北天然红松林资源现状与保护经营对策. 东北林业大学学报, 37(2):75-78.(Fu J Q. 2009. Current situation of natural Korean pine forests in northeast china and their management counter measures. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 37(2):75-78. [in Chinese])
高文韬, 孟庆繁, 郑兴波, 等. 2005. 长白山北坡访花天牛区系研究.应用昆虫学报, 42(6): 691-694.(Gao W T, Meng Q F, Zheng X B, et al. 2005. Fauna of flower-visiting longicorn beetles in north slope of Changbai Mountain.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 42(6): 691- 694. [in Chinese])
戈 峰. 2008. 昆虫生态学原理与方法. 北京:高等教育出版社, 254-255.(Ge F. 2008. Principle and method of insect ecology. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 254-255. [in Chinese])
贺 奇, 王新谱, 杨贵军. 2011. 宁夏盐池荒漠草原步甲物种多样性. 生态学报, 31(4): 923-932.(He Q, Wang X P, Yang G J. 2011. Species diversity of carabid beetles in desert-steppe in Yanchi of Ningxia. China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31(4): 923.
胡艳波, 惠刚盈, 戚继忠, 等. 2003. 吉林蛟河天然红松阔叶林的空间结构分析. 林业科学研究, 16(5):523-530.(Hu Y B, Hui G Y, Qi J Z. et al. 2003. Analysis of the spatial structure of natural korean pine broad leaved forest. Forest Research, 16(5):523-530. [in Chinese])
贾玉珍, 赵秀海, 孟庆繁. 2009. 长白山针阔混交林不同演替阶段的昆虫多样性, 昆虫学报, 52(11):1236-1243.(Jia Y Z, Zhao X H, Meng Q F. 2009. Insect diversity a long a successional gradient in conifer and broad-leaved mixed forests in Changbai Mountain. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 52(11):1236-1243. [in Chinese])
李 良, 夏富才, 杨晓燕, 等. 2014. 张广才岭阔叶红松林林分结构研究. 林业资源管理, (1):56-61.(Li L, Xia F C, Yang X Y, et al. 2014. A study on stand spatial structure of broad-leaved korean pine forest in Zhangguangcai Mountains. Forest Resources Management, (1):56-61. [in Chinese])
李路瑶, 孟庆繁, 李 燕, 等. 2015. 三种诱捕器对天牛科昆虫的诱集效率. 应用昆虫学报, 52(5): 1305-1311.(Li L Y, Meng Q F, Li Y, et al. 2015. Relative efficiency of three trap types for monitoring longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 52(5): 1305-1311. [in Chinese])
李路瑶, 孟庆繁, 李 燕, 等. 2016. 信息化合物诱芯对阔叶红松混交林中天牛科昆虫的诱集效果. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 40(4):113-118.(Li L Y, Meng Q F, Li Y, et al. 2016. Efficacy of semiochemical lures for trapping of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in broad-leaved Korean pine forest. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences Edition, 40(4):113-118. [in Chinese])
刘生冬, 高文韬, 李 燕, 等. 2015. 张广才岭南段不同林分天牛科昆虫物种多样性比较. 北京林业大学学报, 37(5): 110-118.(Liu S D, Gao W T, Li Y, et al. 2015. Comparative study of Cerambycidae species diversity in different forest stands of southern Zhangguangcai Mountains. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 37(5): 110-118. [in Chinese])
刘生冬, 孟庆繁, 高文韬, 等. 2016. 张广才岭南段阔叶红松林天牛科昆虫物种多样性与成虫出现期时间动态. 林业科学, 52(2): 74-81.(Liu S D, Meng Q F, Gao W T, et al. 2016. Cerambycidae species diversity and temporal dynamics of adults emergence in broad-leaved Korean pine forest of southern Zhangguangcai Mountains. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 52(2): 74-81. [in Chinese])
刘生冬, 孟 昕, 孟庆繁, 等. 2018. 阔叶红松林不同林分对地表甲虫群落的影响. 林业科学, 54(2):110-118.(Liu S D, Meng X, Meng Q F, et al. 2018. The influence of different stands on ground-dwelling beetle community in broad-leaved Korean pine forests. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 54(2): 110-118. [in Chinese])
娄巧哲, 徐养诚, 马吉宏, 等. 2011. 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘地表甲虫物种多样性及其与环境的关系. 生物多样性, 19(4):441-452.(Lou Q Z, Xu Y C, Ma J H, et al. 2011. Diversity of ground-dwelling beetles within the southern Gurbantunggut Desert and its relationship with environmental factors. Biodiversity Science, 19(4):441-452. [in Chinese])
罗 峰, 雷朝亮. 2003. 传粉甲虫的研究进展. 应用昆虫学报, 40(4): 313-317.(Luo F, Lei C L. 2003. Beetles as pollinators. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 40(4): 313-317. [in Chinese])
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